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Riechelmann R, Strosberg J, Al-Toubah T, Durant L, Spina Donadio M, Mello C, De Jesus V, Felismino T, Taboada R, De Brot Andrade L, Barros M. 897P HORMONET: Phase II trial of tamoxifen for patients (pts) with estrogen/progesterone receptor (ER/PR)-positive neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Dilke SM, Durant LR, Stentz R, Wilson A, Tozer PJ, Vaizey CJ, Hoyles L, Carding S, Knight SC, Noble A. O8: DIRECT MANIPULATION OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOME TO INFLUENCE POST-OPERATIVE OUTCOMES. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab117.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Distal feeding (DF) involves intubation of the distal limb of a loop ileostomy to feed with a prebiotic mix. Studies suggest that distally feeding patients following anterior resection prior to ileostomy closure may be beneficial as a form of bowel pre-habilitation. These pilot data examine the adaptive immune response to DF.
Method
Ten healthy controls with an intact GI tract were compared with 10 patients following rectal cancer resection and chemo/radiotherapy, prior to closure of ileostomy over 8 weeks of DF. We examined B and T cell memory responses from peripheral blood using cell proliferation assays. Cells were cultured with dead antigen to reflect the microbiota in the small and large bowel. Two negative and two positive controls were used to assess minimal and maximum cell proliferation.
Result
B cell responses prior to DF were increased in the defunctioned group compared to the normal controls to significance (p=0.0014). After 8 weeks of DF the groups were comparable. T cell responses to bacteria had significant differences in proliferation rate following DF commencement, CD4 week 0 vs 3 p=0.0001, week 3 vs 8 p=0.000034, CD8 week 0 vs 3 p=0.0001, week 3-8 p=0.00024). In individual patients, CD4 responses were shown to shift from responses to facultative aerobic species, to strict anaerobes.
Conclusion
These data suggest that distal feeding fundamentally resets peripheral circulating memory and it may be of use in pre-habilitating the bowel prior to restoration of continuity. Early clinical data suggests that distal feeding improves post-operative outcomes.
Take-home message
distal feeding is an easy pre-operative intervention that has a significant effect on cell proliferation and antigen response, which may contribute to improved post operative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- SM Dilke
- St Mark's Hospital
- Antigen Presenting Group, Imperial College London
| | - LR Durant
- Antigen Presenting Group, Imperial College London
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- Antigen Presenting Group, Imperial College London
| | - A Noble
- Antigen Presenting Group, Imperial College London
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Kalra S, Lowndes C, Durant L, Strange RC, Al-Araji A, Hawkins CP, Curnow SJ. Th17 cells increase in RRMS as well as in SPMS, whereas various other phenotypes of Th17 increase in RRMS only. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2020; 6:2055217319899695. [PMID: 32064115 PMCID: PMC6990617 DOI: 10.1177/2055217319899695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The nature and extent of inflammation seen in multiple sclerosis (MS) varies throughout the course of the disease. Changes seen in CD4+ T-helper cells in relapsing–remitting (RR) MS and secondary progressive (SP) MS might differ qualitatively and/or quantitatively. Objective The objective of this paper is to study the frequencies of all major CD4+ T-helper subtypes – Th17, Th22 and Th1 lineage cells – in relapse, remission and secondary progression alongside CCR6 status, a chemokine receptor involved in migration of these cells into the central nervous system. Methods We compared 100 patients (50 RRMS and 50 SPMS) and 50 healthy volunteers and performed flow cytometric analysis of lymphocytes in blood samples. Results We demonstrated raised frequencies of various cell types along the Th17 axis; Th17, Th17.1 (IL-17+ interferon gamma+) and dual IL-17+ IL-22+ cells in RRMS. Th22 and CCR6+ Th1 cells (nonclassical Th1) were also increased in RRMS. All these cells were CCR6+. Only Th17 frequencies were elevated in SPMS. Conclusions Increased frequencies of Th17 cells are implicated both in RRMS and SPMS. The CCR6 pathway includes Th17, Th22 and Th1 nonclassical cells, of which Th22 and Th1 cells represent the greatest subsets in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kalra
- Royal Stoke MS Centre of Excellence, Neurology Department, University Hospital North Midlands NHS Trust, UK
| | - C Lowndes
- Royal Stoke MS Centre of Excellence, Neurology Department, University Hospital North Midlands NHS Trust, UK
| | - L Durant
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - R C Strange
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University Medical School, UK
| | - A Al-Araji
- Royal Stoke MS Centre of Excellence, Neurology Department, University Hospital North Midlands NHS Trust, UK
| | - Clive P Hawkins
- Royal Stoke MS Centre of Excellence, Neurology Department, University Hospital North Midlands NHS Trust, UK
| | - S John Curnow
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
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Hassan-Smith G, Durant L, Tsentemeidou A, Assi L, Faint J, Kalra S, Douglas M, Curnow S. High sensitivity and specificity of elevated cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains in suspected multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 276:175-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Loebbermann J, Thornton H, Durant L, Sparwasser T, Webster KE, Sprent J, Culley FJ, Johansson C, Openshaw PJ. Regulatory T cells expressing granzyme B play a critical role in controlling lung inflammation during acute viral infection. Mucosal Immunol 2012; 5:161-72. [PMID: 22236998 PMCID: PMC3282434 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2011.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory response to lung infections must be tightly regulated, enabling pathogen elimination while maintaining crucial gas exchange. Using recently described "depletion of regulatory T cell" (DEREG) mice, we found that selective depletion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) during acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection enhanced viral clearance but increased weight loss, local cytokine and chemokine release, and T-cell activation and cellular influx into the lungs. Conversely, inflammation was decreased when Treg numbers and activity were boosted using interleukin-2 immune complexes. Unexpectedly, lung (but not draining lymph node) Tregs from RSV-infected mice expressed granzyme B (GzmB), and bone marrow chimeric mice with selective loss of GzmB in the Treg compartment displayed markedly enhanced cellular infiltration into the lung after infection. A crucial role for GzmB-expressing Tregs has not hitherto been described in the lung or during acute infections, but may explain the inability of children with perforin/GzmB defects to regulate immune responses to infection. The effects of RSV infection in mice with defective immune regulation closely parallel the observed effects of RSV in children with bronchiolitis, suggesting that the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis may involve an inability to regulate virus-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Loebbermann
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Respiratory Infection/MRC and Asthma UK Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - H Thornton
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Respiratory Infection/MRC and Asthma UK Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - L Durant
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Respiratory Infection/MRC and Asthma UK Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - T Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - K E Webster
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Sprent
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - F J Culley
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Respiratory Infection/MRC and Asthma UK Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - C Johansson
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Respiratory Infection/MRC and Asthma UK Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK,() or ()
| | - P J Openshaw
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Respiratory Infection/MRC and Asthma UK Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK,() or ()
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Escaich S, Prouvensier L, Saccomani M, Durant L, Oxoby M, Gerusz V, Moreau F, Vongsouthi V, Maher K, Morrissey I, Soulama-Mouze C. The MUT056399 inhibitor of FabI is a new antistaphylococcal compound. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:4692-7. [PMID: 21825292 PMCID: PMC3186954 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01248-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MUT056399 is a highly potent new inhibitor of the FabI enzyme of both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In vitro, MUT056399 was very active against S. aureus strains, including methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), linezolid-resistant, and multidrug-resistant strains, with MIC(90)s between 0.03 and 0.12 μg/ml. MUT056399 was also active against coagulase-negative staphylococci, with MIC(90)s between 0.12 and 4 μg/ml. The antibacterial spectrum is consistent with specific FabI inhibition with no activity against bacteria using FabK but activity against FabI-containing Gram-negative bacilli. In vitro, resistant clones of S. aureus were obtained at a low frequency. All of the resistant clones analyzed were found to contain mutations in the fabI gene. In vivo, MUT056399, administered subcutaneously, protected mice from a lethal systemic infection induced by MSSA, MRSA, and vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus strains (50% effective doses ranging from 19.3 mg/kg/day to 49.6 mg/kg/day). In the nonneutropenic murine thigh infection model, the same treatment with MUT056399 reduced the bacterial multiplication of MSSA and MRSA in the thighs of immunocompetent mice. These properties support MUT056399 as a very promising candidate for a novel drug to treat severe staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Escaich
- FAB Pharma, 14, avenue de l'Opéra, 75001 Paris, France.
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Glaser P, Frangeul L, Buchrieser C, Rusniok C, Amend A, Baquero F, Berche P, Bloecker H, Brandt P, Chakraborty T, Charbit A, Chetouani F, Couvé E, de Daruvar A, Dehoux P, Domann E, Domínguez-Bernal G, Duchaud E, Durant L, Dussurget O, Entian KD, Fsihi H, García-del Portillo F, Garrido P, Gautier L, Goebel W, Gómez-López N, Hain T, Hauf J, Jackson D, Jones LM, Kaerst U, Kreft J, Kuhn M, Kunst F, Kurapkat G, Madueno E, Maitournam A, Vicente JM, Ng E, Nedjari H, Nordsiek G, Novella S, de Pablos B, Pérez-Diaz JC, Purcell R, Remmel B, Rose M, Schlueter T, Simoes N, Tierrez A, Vázquez-Boland JA, Voss H, Wehland J, Cossart P. Comparative genomics of Listeria species. Science 2001; 294:849-52. [PMID: 11679669 DOI: 10.1126/science.1063447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 918] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen with a high mortality rate that has also emerged as a paradigm for intracellular parasitism. We present and compare the genome sequences of L. monocytogenes (2,944,528 base pairs) and a nonpathogenic species, L. innocua (3,011,209 base pairs). We found a large number of predicted genes encoding surface and secreted proteins, transporters, and transcriptional regulators, consistent with the ability of both species to adapt to diverse environments. The presence of 270 L. monocytogenes and 149 L. innocua strain-specific genes (clustered in 100 and 63 islets, respectively) suggests that virulence in Listeria results from multiple gene acquisition and deletion events.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Glaser
- Génomique des Microorganismes Pathogènes, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Service d'Informatique Scientifique, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris, France
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Borezee E, Msadek T, Durant L, Berche P. Identification in Listeria monocytogenes of MecA, a homologue of the Bacillus subtilis competence regulatory protein. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:5931-4. [PMID: 11004200 PMCID: PMC94723 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.20.5931-5934.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified in Listeria monocytogenes a gene encoding a protein homologous to MecA, a regulatory protein acting with ClpC and ComK in the competence pathway of Bacillus subtilis. In L. monocytogenes, MecA is involved, along with ClpC and ClpP, in the downregulation of a 64-kDa secreted protein. In B. subtilis, the MecA protein of L. monocytogenes behaves as a regulatory protein, controlling the transcription of comK and comG. Complete or disrupted ComK homologues were also found in L. monocytogenes. However, we failed to detect competence in various strains of L. monocytogenes, including those with intact ComK. Our results suggest that the functions of MecA in the saprophytes L. monocytogenes and B. subtilis have presumably diverged in response to their respective ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Borezee
- Faculté de Médecine Necker, 75730 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Bauvois B, Durant L, Laboureau J, Barthélémy E, Rouillard D, Boulla G, Deterre P. Upregulation of CD38 gene expression in leukemic B cells by interferon types I and II. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1999; 19:1059-66. [PMID: 10505750 DOI: 10.1089/107999099313299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation antigen CD38, which has NAD+ glycohydrolase activity in its extracellular domain, is expressed by a large variety of cell types. Few investigations into the regulation of CD38 expression by physiologic stimuli have been reported. As the CD38 promoter contains potential binding sites for interferon (IFN) regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1), we investigated the influence of IFN type I (alpha and beta) and type II (gamma) on CD38 gene expression of leukemic B cells. Using the IFN-responsive B cell line Eskol, we found by RT-PCR analysis a rapid time-dependent induction in CD38 mRNA (starting at 6 h) with each type of IFN. This induction was independent of protein synthesis, suggesting that CD38 gene activation does not require IRF-1 but is merely under direct transcriptional regulation by latent IFN-inducible factors. mRNA stimulation was followed within 24 h by induction of membrane CD38, which coincided with rises of CD38-specific ectoenzymatic activities, that is, NAD+ glycohydrolase, (A/G)DP-ribosyl cyclase, and cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase activities. IFN failed to induce or upregulate the other CD38-related ectoenzymes analyzed, that is, CD39, CD73, CD157, and PC-1. Similarly, treatment of leukemic cells of patients with B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) with IFN resulted in an increase in CD38 mRNA mirrored by plasma membrane upregulation of CD38 and NAD+ glycohydrolase activity. Further investigation in relation to CD38 gene activation and B-CLL behavior remains to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bauvois
- Unité 365 INSERM, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
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