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Gigante CM, Korber B, Seabolt MH, Wilkins K, Davidson W, Rao AK, Zhao H, Smith TG, Hughes CM, Minhaj F, Waltenburg MA, Theiler J, Smole S, Gallagher GR, Blythe D, Myers R, Schulte J, Stringer J, Lee P, Mendoza RM, Griffin-Thomas LA, Crain J, Murray J, Atkinson A, Gonzalez AH, Nash J, Batra D, Damon I, McQuiston J, Hutson CL, McCollum AM, Li Y. Multiple lineages of monkeypox virus detected in the United States, 2021-2022. Science 2022; 378:560-565. [PMID: 36264825 DOI: 10.1126/science.add4153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Monkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease endemic in Central and West Africa. In May 2022, dozens of non-endemic countries reported hundreds of monkeypox cases, most with no epidemiological link to Africa. We identified two lineages of monkeypox virus (MPXV) among two 2021 and seven 2022 US monkeypox cases: the major 2022 outbreak variant called B.1 and a minor contemporaneously sampled variant called A.2. Analyses of mutations among these two variants revealed an extreme preference for GA-to-AA mutations indicative of human APOBEC3 cytosine deaminase activity among Clade IIb MPXV (previously West African, Nigeria) sampled since 2017. Such mutations were not enriched within other MPXV clades. These findings suggest that APOBEC3 editing may be a recurrent and a dominant driver of MPXV evolution within the current outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M Gigante
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bette Korber
- T-6: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA; New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Matthew H Seabolt
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Leidos Inc., Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Kimberly Wilkins
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Whitni Davidson
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Agam K Rao
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hui Zhao
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Todd G Smith
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christine M Hughes
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Faisal Minhaj
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michelle A Waltenburg
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James Theiler
- ISR-3: Space Data Science and Systems, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Sandra Smole
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA
| | - Glen R Gallagher
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA
| | - David Blythe
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Outbreak Response Bureau, Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert Myers
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Outbreak Response Bureau, Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joann Schulte
- Dallas County Health and Human Services Public Health Laboratory, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Joey Stringer
- Dallas County Health and Human Services Public Health Laboratory, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Philip Lee
- Florida Department of Health Bureau of Public Health Laboratories-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Rafael M Mendoza
- Florida Department of Health in Broward County, Hollywood, FL, USA
| | - LaToya A Griffin-Thomas
- Virginia Department of General Services, Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jenny Crain
- Virginia Department of Health, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jade Murray
- Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Annette Atkinson
- Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - June Nash
- Sacramento County Public Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Dhwani Batra
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Inger Damon
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer McQuiston
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina L Hutson
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrea M McCollum
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yu Li
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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