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Pereira DB, Martins JG, Oliveira MS, Lima-Júnior RS, Rocha LC, Andrade SL, Procópio REL. Leishmanicidal activity of the venoms of the Scorpions Brotheas amazonicus and Tityus metuendus. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e276872. [PMID: 38055507 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.276872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-transmitted zoonosis caused by different species of the genus Leishmania, with a wide clinical spectrum. It is a public health problem aggravated by a series of limitations regarding treatment. In the search for new therapeutic alternatives, scorpion venoms are a source of multifunctional molecules that act against the natural resistance of pathogens. This work evaluated the antileishmanial potential of Brotheas amazonicus and Tityus metuendus venoms against the promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis e Leishmania guyanensis. The venoms of B. amazonicus and T. metuendus were evaluated for their constituents using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Growth inhibition and death of promastigotes were evaluated in the presence of diferente crude venom concentrations (100 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL, 1 µg/mL) after one hour of incubation at 25 °C. The FTIR spectra of both venoms exhibited bands in approximate regions, revealing that both exhibit similar functional groups. Crude venom from both scorpion species showed similar or superior leishmanicidal effects to the standart drug N-methylglucamine antimoniate. At the highest concentration of 100 µg/mL, cultures of L. guyanensis treated with the venom of B. amazonicus showed the highest mortality percentages, above 28%, while T. metuendus venom showed the highest activity against L. amazonensis, with mortality above 7%. This preliminar study demonstrates that B. amazonicus and T. metuendus venoms can be important tools in the search for new drugs Against leishmaniasis. Next step involves evaluating the activity against the amastigote forms and purifying the venom proteins in order to identify the best anti-leishmania candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Pereira
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - UEA, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde - ESA, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - J G Martins
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - M S Oliveira
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - UEA, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde - ESA, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - R S Lima-Júnior
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - UEA, Escola Normal Superior - ENS, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - L C Rocha
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - UEA, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde - ESA, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - S L Andrade
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - UEA, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde - ESA, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - R E L Procópio
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - UEA, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde - ESA, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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da Rocha MJ, Chiavegatto RB, Damasceno AG, Rocha LC, Souza Sobrinho F, Techio VH. Comparative meiosis and cytogenomic analysis in euploid and aneuploid hybrids of Urochloa P. Beauv. Chromosome Res 2019; 27:333-344. [PMID: 31485871 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-019-09616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The genus Urochloa includes most of the important grasses and hybrids currently used as pastures in the tropical regions. Cytogenetic analyzes have identified some aneuploid hybrids that provide new perspectives for genetic breeding. The objective was to analyze the meiotic behavior in euploid (2n = 4x = 36) and aneuploid (2n = 4x = 36 + 2) hybrids of U. ruziziensis x U. decumbens and U. ruziziensis x U. brizantha. Later, the chromosomes and respective genomes involved in pairing configurations and abnormalities were identified through GISH, with an emphasis on tracking the behavior of the additional chromosomes in the aneuploid hybrid U. ruziziensis x U. decumbens (B1B2B2B2 genomes). The aneuploid U. ruziziensis x U. decumbens shows a higher frequency of univalents, reduction of bivalents, and higher index of irregularities compared with the euploid hybrid. For the aneuploid U. ruziziensis x U. brizantha, there was a reduction in the frequency of univalents, an increase in bivalent and trivalent rates and a lower frequency of abnormalities when compared with the euploid hybrid. The rates of meiotic abnormalities and pairing configurations are parental genotype-dependent and influenced by trisomy. The chromosomes of the B1 and B2 genomes of the aneuploid hybrid (U. ruziziensis x U. decumbens) are involved in the formation of univalents, bivalents, and multivalents in inter-, intra- and inter-intragenomic pairings. In general, the segregation times of chromosomes of the genomes are different, since the chromosomes of the B1 genome segregate more slowly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Jane da Rocha
- Department of Biology/DBI - Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), P.O.Box 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - Raquel Bezerra Chiavegatto
- Department of Biology/DBI - Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), P.O.Box 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - Ana Gabriela Damasceno
- Department of Biology/DBI - Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), P.O.Box 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - Laiane Corsini Rocha
- Department of Biology/DBI - Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), P.O.Box 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | | | - Vânia Helena Techio
- Department of Biology/DBI - Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), P.O.Box 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.
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Lima MGF, Rocha LC, Silveira GL, Alvarenga IFS, Andrade-Vieria LF. Nucleolar alterations are reliable parameters to determine the cytogenotoxicity of environmental pollutants. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 174:630-636. [PMID: 30875556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pollution generated by deposition of industrial activity waste in the environment without due care can lead to serious environmental consequences. Bioassays in higher plants are means of understanding the cytogenotoxic effects of these substances. In the present work, Allium cepa L. was used as a model species to assess nucleolar changes induced by environmental pollutants. The substances used were Methyl Methane Sulfonate (MMS), cadmium (Cd), Spent Potliner (SPL) and the herbicide Atrazine. Water was used as a negative control. The silver-stained nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) assay was used making it possible to evaluate how nucleolar parameters (number of nucleoli per nucleus and nucleoli area) behave when facing stress caused by such pollutants. The results obtained showed a variation in the observed parameters: an increase in the number of nucleoli in the treated cells and tendency to a reduction in nucleolar area, indicating that the tested pollutants may have impaired nucleolar activity. In addition, it was possible to establish a relationship between the behavior of the nucleolus with other changes as plantlet growth, cell proliferation, and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laiane Corsini Rocha
- Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), ZIP: 37.200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Rocha LC, Ferreira MTM, Cunha IMF, Mittelmann A, Techio VH. 45S rDNA sites in meiosis of Lolium multiflorum Lam.: variability, non-homologous associations and lack of fragility. Protoplasma 2019; 256:227-235. [PMID: 30069603 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the behavior of 45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sites during the meiosis of Lolium multiflorum. The reason to study it in this species is that 45S rDNA sites are usually visualized as gaps in mitotic metaphase chromosomes and were initially denominated fragile sites (FSs). In different species, FSs were related to rearrangements that alter the karyotype and affect the chromosome pairing in meiosis. However, our findings show that the chromosome pairing in L. multiflorum is regular and, as in mitosis, the number of sites is variable. In diakinesis with five sites, one of the bivalents was in hemizygous state while, in diakinesis with seven sites, one of the bivalents had three conspicuous signals, two in syntheny in one of the homologous. Only four cells had gaps in the region of the 45S rDNA. Owing to the lower number of signals observed at the initial stages of meiosis, it is assumed that they are involved both in homologous and non-homologous associations and that they might assist the chromosome pairing. Regarding segregation, only meiocytes with five and six 45S rDNA signals were observed, and they were characterized by the segregation of 2/3 signals in the poles of anaphases I up to metaphases II; 2/2 and 3/3 in anaphases II and telophases II; and also 2/2 and 4/4 in the nuclei of tetrads, unlike the number of 45S signals expected. The numerical non-equivalence of sites among nuclei at later stages of meiosis is explained by the presence of chromosomes with hemizygous sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiane Corsini Rocha
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras-UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andréa Mittelmann
- Embrapa Gado de Leite/Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Vânia Helena Techio
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras-UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.
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Rocha LC, Silva GA, Bustamante FO, Silveira RAD, Mittlemann A, Techio VH. Dynamics of 45S rDNA sites in the cell cycle: fragile sites and chromosomal stability in Lolium and Festuca. Genet Mol Res 2017; 16:gmr-16-01-gmr.16019156. [PMID: 28128408 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16019156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Analyses carried out with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in C-metaphases of the Lolium-Festuca complex have shown the occurrence of spontaneous fragile sites (FSs) in 45S rDNA regions. FSs are expressed as gaps but they do not result in breaks or chromosomal fragments in these species. These gaps have high DNA condensation observed as thin chromatin fibers that connect the apparent segments of the fragile chromosome, allowing for genomic stability. Assessing the behavior of these regions in the cell cycle of Lolium and Festuca species may lead to a better understanding of the dynamics that preserve stability during cell division. Furthermore, it is interesting to track the dynamics of chromosomes bearing 45S rDNA sites in the cell cycle as well as to observe the expression of FSs with no effect of the mitotic block. We observed variation in both the number and size of 45S FISH signals from the S/G2 phases of interphase and from prophase to anaphase where gaps in 45S rDNA sites also were observed. The change in the degree of condensation of the 45S site begins in the S/G2 phase and appears to be related to the transcriptional demand. Taking into account that the number of 45S rDNA sites tends to be re-established when cells reach telophase, we suggest that the chromatin fiber goes back to the normal condensation level to the anaphase (after segregation), allowing for the approximation of chromosome segments and ensuring dynamics that favor the genomic stability of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Rocha
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Biologia, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - G A Silva
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Biologia, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - F O Bustamante
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Biologia, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - R A D Silveira
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Biologia, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - A Mittlemann
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil.,Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - V H Techio
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Biologia, Lavras, MG, Brasil
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Rocha LC, Jankowska M, Fuchs J, Mittelmann A, Techio VH, Houben A. Decondensation of chromosomal 45S rDNA sites in Lolium and Festuca genotypes does not result in karyotype instability. Protoplasma 2017; 254:285-292. [PMID: 26758880 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-0942-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Fragile sites (FSs) in plants have been described for species like Lolium and other grasses. Whereas in humans FSs were shown to be involved in genome instabilities; the consequences of FSs expression in plants are not known yet. To evaluate whether FSs cause karyotype instabilities, we assessed the frequency of micronuclei and lagging chromosomes in meristematic cells, the stability of the DNA content, and the occurrence of neocentromeres in the presumed chromosomal fragments of Lolium perenne, Lolium multiflorum, Festuca arrundinacea, and two Festulolium hybrids. The cell cycle analysis along with flow cytometric genome size measurements showed high stability in all genomes evaluated. Neocentromeric activity was neither observed in the presumed fragments nor in any other chromosomal region, then this is not the mechanism responsible by the stability. However, Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a 45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) probe in combination with YOYO staining of metaphasic chromosomes showed that many extended nucleolus organizing region (NOR) form very thin YOYO-positive chromatin fibers connecting the acentric 'fragment' with the centromere-containing chromosome region. The obtained data indicate that the expression of FSs does not result in genome instabilities or neocentromere formation. The FS-containing 45S rDNA carrying chromatin fibers undergo a cell cycle and gene activity-dependent dynamic decondensation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiane Corsini Rocha
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras-UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - Maja Jankowska
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, 06466, StadtSeeland, Germany
| | - Joerg Fuchs
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, 06466, StadtSeeland, Germany
| | - Andréa Mittelmann
- Embrapa Dairy Cattle/Embrapa Temperate Agriculture, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Vânia Helena Techio
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras-UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.
| | - Andreas Houben
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, 06466, StadtSeeland, Germany.
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7
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Rocha LC, Mittelmann A, Houben A, Techio VH. Fragile sites of 45S rDNA of Lolium multiflorum are not hotspots for chromosomal breakages induced by X-ray. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:659-65. [PMID: 27174104 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sites of 45S rDNA of Lolium are regions denominated fragile sites (FSs), constituting regions slightly stained with DAPI due to increased DNA unpacking in metaphasic chromosomes. Considered to be fragile regions in the genome, the FSs might be more responsive to induced breaks and result in chromosomal fragments and rearrangements, unless repairing mechanisms such as recombination or de novo telomere formation play a role at the break site of the DNA. Thus, this study aimed at investigating if SFs from Lolium are hotspots for the occurrence of breakages induced by X-ray and if they are regions favorable to synthesize new telomeres, using Hordeum vulgare as a comparative model. Lolium multiflorum and H. vulgare seedlings were irradiated with 20 and 50 Gy X-ray and evaluated one day following the irradiation and at 7-days intervals for a 28-days period, using FISH technique with 45S rDNA and Arabidopsis-type telomere probes in order to investigate the presence of chromosomal breakages and new telomere formation. H. vulgare did not survive after a few days of irradiation due to the increased rate of abnormalities. L. multiflorum also exhibited chromosomal abnormalities following the exposure, yet over the 28-days trial it had a decrease in the chromosomal damage rate and formation of de novo telomere has not been detected along this time. Despite being considered to be fragile regions in the genome, the 45S rDNA sites of Lolium are not hotspots to chromosomal breakages after the induction of breakages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiane Corsini Rocha
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras - UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andrea Mittelmann
- Embrapa Dairy Cattle/Embrapa Temperate Agriculture, Juiz de Fora/Pelotas, Minas Gerais State/Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Andreas Houben
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, 06466, StadtSeeland, Germany.
| | - Vânia Helena Techio
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras - UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Rocha LC, Bustamante FDO, Silveira RAD, Torres GA, Mittelmann A, Techio VH. Functional repetitive sequences and fragile sites in chromosomes of Lolium perenne L. Protoplasma 2015; 252:451-60. [PMID: 25141824 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lolium perenne is considered a high-quality forage widely used in temperate regions to meet the shortage of forage during the winter. In this species, some peculiarities related to cytogenetic aspects have already been described, as the variability in number and position of 45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sites and the expression of fragile sites, which require further studies to support the understanding of their causes and consequences. In this way, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the expression of fragile sites and functional repetitive sequences (rDNA and telomeric) in chromosomes of diploid and polyploid cultivars of L. perenne. The techniques of FISH, Ag-NOR and fluorescence banding were used to assess the distribution of sites of 45S rDNA, 5S, telomeric sequences, and the transcriptional activity of the 45S ribosomal genes and the distribution of AT- and/or GC-rich sequences in L. perenne, respectively. There was variability in the number and location of 45S rDNA sites, which was not observed for 5S rDNA sites. One of the genotypes showed two 45S rDNA sites on the same chromosome, located in different chromosome arms. Breaks and gaps were found in 45S rDNA sites in most metaphases evaluated for both cultivars. Telomeric sequences were not detected at the end of the chromosomal fragments corresponding to the location of breaks at 45S sites. Apparently, the transcriptional activity was modified in fragile sites. Variation in the number and size of nucleoli, nucleolar fusions and dissociations were observed. All CMA(+) bands were colocalized with the 45S sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiane Corsini Rocha
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
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Peixoto NC, Rocha LC, Moraes DP, Bebianno MJ, Dressler VL, Flores EMM, Pereira ME. Changes in levels of essential elements in suckling rats exposed to zinc and mercury. Chemosphere 2008; 72:1327-1332. [PMID: 18547602 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2007] [Revised: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The effect of mercury and its interaction with zinc on the content of essential metals in tissues from neonate rats was investigated. Three-day-old Wistar rats were treated with saline or 27 mg kg(-1)d(-1) ZnCl2 (s.c.) for five consecutive days. From the 8th to the 12th day of life, the rats received one daily dose of saline or 5.0 mg kg(-1) HgCl2 (s.c). Twenty-four hours after the last injection liver, kidneys and blood were collected for metal quantification. The HgCl(2) exposure induced alterations on metal levels, such as increase of Fe, Hg and Zn in liver, decrease of Fe and Mg and increase of Cu and Hg contents in kidneys. The Hg exposure also increased Hg levels in the blood. The treatment with ZnCl2, administered previously to HgCl2, partially prevented the increase of Fe in the liver, and not only prevented the decrease of renal Mg but also increased it to levels higher than those found in control group. The Zn-Hg rats also presented higher renal Cu levels, and showed partially lower blood and hepatic Hg levels and higher renal Hg levels. The pre-administration of Zn caused no severe alterations in levels of essential metals (Cu, Fe, Mg and Mn). In short, Zn appears to be an alternative treatment of Hg poisoning in young animals in comparison to chelating drugs since these have low metal selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Peixoto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Glina S, Bertero E, Claro J, Damião R, Faria G, Fregonesi A, Jaspersen J, Mendoza A, Mattos D, Rocha LC, Sotomayor M, Telöken C, Ureta S, Zonana E, Ugarte F. Efficacy and safety of flexible-dose oral sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in Brazilian and Mexican men. Int J Impot Res 2002; 14 Suppl 2:S27-32. [PMID: 12161765 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3900895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study evaluated the efficacy and safety of flexible-dose sildenafil citrate (Viagra) treatment (25, 50 or 100 mg) in Brazilian and Mexican men with erectile dysfunction (ED) of broad-spectrum etiology. Efficacy was assessed on the basis of responses to the 15-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire, completed at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. At end point, mean scores for all IIEF domains of sexual function (erectile function, orgasmic function, sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction and overall satisfaction) were significantly (P<0.0001) higher in the sildenafil group (n=109) than in the placebo group (n=105). These findings confirm the significant increases in frequency of penetration and frequency of maintained erections reported previously. Sildenafil treatment was well tolerated. The most common adverse events were headache and flushing. In conclusion, sildenafil is a well-tolerated and effective treatment for ED of broad-spectrum etiology in Latin American men.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Glina
- Hospital Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Oliveira AL, Batista JL, Silva AP, Sobrinho LG, Rocha LC. Endemic goitre in Guinea-Bissau. Bull World Health Organ 1991; 69:347-8. [PMID: 1893511 PMCID: PMC2393096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A survey was performed of endemic goitre in the Oio, Gabu, and Cacheu regions of Guinea-Bissau. Among adult women, the following prevalences of goitre were observed: 53% (Oio), 48% (Gabu), and 27% (Cacheu). For goitres of grades 2 and 3 only, the prevalences were 20% (Oio), 13% (Gabu), and 2% (Cacheu). No cretinism or cases of thyroid dysfunction were found. The mean urinary iodine excretions in Oio, Gabu, and Cacheu were 17 micrograms/g, 24 micrograms/g and 33 micrograms/g creatinine, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Oliveira
- Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal
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12
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Rocha LC. [Acute urinary retention]. AMB Rev Assoc Med Bras 1990; 36:26-8. [PMID: 1962877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L C Rocha
- Disc. de Urol., Univ. Fed. do Paraná
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13
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