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Amirato GR, Borges JO, Marques DL, Santos JMB, Santos CAF, Andrade MS, Furtado GE, Rossi M, Luis LN, Zambonatto RF, da Silva EB, Poma SO, de Almeida MM, Pelaquim RL, dos Santos-Oliveira LC, Diniz VLS, Passos MEP, Levada-Pires AC, Gorjão R, Barros MP, Bachi ALL, Pithon-Curi TC. L-Glutamine Supplementation Enhances Strength and Power of Knee Muscles and Improves Glycemia Control and Plasma Redox Balance in Exercising Elderly Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13031025. [PMID: 33809996 PMCID: PMC8004646 DOI: 10.3390/nu13031025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of oral L-glutamine (Gln) supplementation, associated or not with physical exercises, in control of glycemia, oxidative stress, and strength/power of knee muscles in elderly women. Physically active (n = 21) and sedentary (n = 23) elderly women aged 60 to 80 years were enrolled in the study. Plasma levels of D-fructosamine, insulin, reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, iron, uric acid, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) (lipoperoxidation product), as well as knee extensor/flexor muscle torque peak and average power (isokinetic test), were assessed pre- and post-supplementation with Gln or placebo (30 days). Higher plasma D-fructosamine, insulin, and iron levels, and lower strength/power of knee muscles were found pre-supplementation in the NPE group than in the PE group. Post-supplementation, Gln subgroups showed higher levels of GSH, GSSG, and torque peak, besides lower D-fructosamine than pre-supplementation values. Higher muscle average power and plasma uric acid levels were reported in the PE + Gln group, whereas lower insulin levels were found in the NPE + Gln than pre-supplementation values. TBARs levels were diminished post-supplementation in all groups. Gln supplementation, mainly when associated with physical exercises, improves strength and power of knee muscles and glycemia control, besides boosting plasma antioxidant capacity of elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislene R. Amirato
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil; (G.R.A.); (J.O.B.); (D.L.M.); (L.N.L.); (R.F.Z.); (E.B.d.S.); (S.O.P.); (M.M.d.A.); (R.L.P.); (L.C.d.S.-O.); (V.L.S.D.); (M.E.P.P.); (A.C.L.-P.); (R.G.); (T.C.P.-C.)
| | - Juliana O. Borges
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil; (G.R.A.); (J.O.B.); (D.L.M.); (L.N.L.); (R.F.Z.); (E.B.d.S.); (S.O.P.); (M.M.d.A.); (R.L.P.); (L.C.d.S.-O.); (V.L.S.D.); (M.E.P.P.); (A.C.L.-P.); (R.G.); (T.C.P.-C.)
| | - Daniella L. Marques
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil; (G.R.A.); (J.O.B.); (D.L.M.); (L.N.L.); (R.F.Z.); (E.B.d.S.); (S.O.P.); (M.M.d.A.); (R.L.P.); (L.C.d.S.-O.); (V.L.S.D.); (M.E.P.P.); (A.C.L.-P.); (R.G.); (T.C.P.-C.)
| | - Juliana M. B. Santos
- Post-Graduation Program in Science of Human and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP 11015-020, Brazil;
| | - Carlos A. F. Santos
- Department of Medicine (Geriatrics and Gerontology), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04020-050, Brazil;
| | - Marilia S. Andrade
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04023-901, Brazil;
| | - Guilherme E. Furtado
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA:E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000-232 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Marcelo Rossi
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, SP 04829-300, Brazil; (M.R.); (A.L.L.B.)
| | - Lais N. Luis
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil; (G.R.A.); (J.O.B.); (D.L.M.); (L.N.L.); (R.F.Z.); (E.B.d.S.); (S.O.P.); (M.M.d.A.); (R.L.P.); (L.C.d.S.-O.); (V.L.S.D.); (M.E.P.P.); (A.C.L.-P.); (R.G.); (T.C.P.-C.)
| | - Raquel F. Zambonatto
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil; (G.R.A.); (J.O.B.); (D.L.M.); (L.N.L.); (R.F.Z.); (E.B.d.S.); (S.O.P.); (M.M.d.A.); (R.L.P.); (L.C.d.S.-O.); (V.L.S.D.); (M.E.P.P.); (A.C.L.-P.); (R.G.); (T.C.P.-C.)
| | - Eliane B. da Silva
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil; (G.R.A.); (J.O.B.); (D.L.M.); (L.N.L.); (R.F.Z.); (E.B.d.S.); (S.O.P.); (M.M.d.A.); (R.L.P.); (L.C.d.S.-O.); (V.L.S.D.); (M.E.P.P.); (A.C.L.-P.); (R.G.); (T.C.P.-C.)
| | - Sarah O. Poma
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil; (G.R.A.); (J.O.B.); (D.L.M.); (L.N.L.); (R.F.Z.); (E.B.d.S.); (S.O.P.); (M.M.d.A.); (R.L.P.); (L.C.d.S.-O.); (V.L.S.D.); (M.E.P.P.); (A.C.L.-P.); (R.G.); (T.C.P.-C.)
| | - Mariana M. de Almeida
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil; (G.R.A.); (J.O.B.); (D.L.M.); (L.N.L.); (R.F.Z.); (E.B.d.S.); (S.O.P.); (M.M.d.A.); (R.L.P.); (L.C.d.S.-O.); (V.L.S.D.); (M.E.P.P.); (A.C.L.-P.); (R.G.); (T.C.P.-C.)
| | - Renato L. Pelaquim
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil; (G.R.A.); (J.O.B.); (D.L.M.); (L.N.L.); (R.F.Z.); (E.B.d.S.); (S.O.P.); (M.M.d.A.); (R.L.P.); (L.C.d.S.-O.); (V.L.S.D.); (M.E.P.P.); (A.C.L.-P.); (R.G.); (T.C.P.-C.)
| | - Laiane C. dos Santos-Oliveira
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil; (G.R.A.); (J.O.B.); (D.L.M.); (L.N.L.); (R.F.Z.); (E.B.d.S.); (S.O.P.); (M.M.d.A.); (R.L.P.); (L.C.d.S.-O.); (V.L.S.D.); (M.E.P.P.); (A.C.L.-P.); (R.G.); (T.C.P.-C.)
| | - Vinicius L. Sousa Diniz
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil; (G.R.A.); (J.O.B.); (D.L.M.); (L.N.L.); (R.F.Z.); (E.B.d.S.); (S.O.P.); (M.M.d.A.); (R.L.P.); (L.C.d.S.-O.); (V.L.S.D.); (M.E.P.P.); (A.C.L.-P.); (R.G.); (T.C.P.-C.)
| | - Maria E. P. Passos
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil; (G.R.A.); (J.O.B.); (D.L.M.); (L.N.L.); (R.F.Z.); (E.B.d.S.); (S.O.P.); (M.M.d.A.); (R.L.P.); (L.C.d.S.-O.); (V.L.S.D.); (M.E.P.P.); (A.C.L.-P.); (R.G.); (T.C.P.-C.)
| | - Adriana C. Levada-Pires
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil; (G.R.A.); (J.O.B.); (D.L.M.); (L.N.L.); (R.F.Z.); (E.B.d.S.); (S.O.P.); (M.M.d.A.); (R.L.P.); (L.C.d.S.-O.); (V.L.S.D.); (M.E.P.P.); (A.C.L.-P.); (R.G.); (T.C.P.-C.)
| | - Renata Gorjão
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil; (G.R.A.); (J.O.B.); (D.L.M.); (L.N.L.); (R.F.Z.); (E.B.d.S.); (S.O.P.); (M.M.d.A.); (R.L.P.); (L.C.d.S.-O.); (V.L.S.D.); (M.E.P.P.); (A.C.L.-P.); (R.G.); (T.C.P.-C.)
| | - Marcelo P. Barros
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil; (G.R.A.); (J.O.B.); (D.L.M.); (L.N.L.); (R.F.Z.); (E.B.d.S.); (S.O.P.); (M.M.d.A.); (R.L.P.); (L.C.d.S.-O.); (V.L.S.D.); (M.E.P.P.); (A.C.L.-P.); (R.G.); (T.C.P.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3385-3103
| | - André L. L. Bachi
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, SP 04829-300, Brazil; (M.R.); (A.L.L.B.)
- ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Tania C. Pithon-Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil; (G.R.A.); (J.O.B.); (D.L.M.); (L.N.L.); (R.F.Z.); (E.B.d.S.); (S.O.P.); (M.M.d.A.); (R.L.P.); (L.C.d.S.-O.); (V.L.S.D.); (M.E.P.P.); (A.C.L.-P.); (R.G.); (T.C.P.-C.)
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