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López-González L, Martínez-de-la-Torre M, Puelles L. Populational heterogeneity and partial migratory origin of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus: genoarchitectonic analysis in the mouse. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:537-576. [PMID: 36598560 PMCID: PMC9944059 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02601-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) is one of the most distinctive hypothalamic tuberal structures, subject of numerous classic and modern functional studies. Commonly, the adult VMH has been divided in several portions, attending to differences in cell aggregation, cell type, connectivity, and function. Consensus VMH partitions in the literature comprise the dorsomedial (VMHdm), and ventrolateral (VMHvl) subnuclei, which are separated by an intermediate or central (VMHc) population (topographic names based on the columnar axis). However, some recent transcriptome analyses have identified a higher number of different cell types in the VMH, suggesting additional subdivisions, as well as the possibility of separate origins. We offer a topologic and genoarchitectonic developmental study of the mouse VMH complex using the prosomeric axis as a reference. We analyzed genes labeling specific VMH subpopulations, with particular focus upon the Nkx2.2 transcription factor, a marker of the alar-basal boundary territory of the prosencephalon, from where some cells seem to migrate dorsoventrally into VMH. We also identified separate neuroepithelial origins of a Nr2f1-positive subpopulation, and a new Six3-positive component, as well as subtle differences in origin of Nr5a1 positive versus Nkx2.2-positive cell populations entering dorsoventrally the VMH. Several of these migrating cell types are born in the dorsal tuberal domain and translocate ventralwards to reach the intermediate tuberal domain, where the adult VMH mass is located in the adult. This work provides a more detailed area map on the intrinsic organization of the postmigratory VMH complex, helpful for deeper functional studies of this basal hypothalamic entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara López-González
- grid.10586.3a0000 0001 2287 8496University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca Institute of Biomedical Research, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Margaret Martínez-de-la-Torre
- grid.10586.3a0000 0001 2287 8496University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca Institute of Biomedical Research, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Puelles
- University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca Institute of Biomedical Research, El Palmar, 30120, Murcia, Spain.
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López-González L, Alonso A, García-Calero E, de Puelles E, Puelles L. Tangential Intrahypothalamic Migration of the Mouse Ventral Premamillary Nucleus and Fgf8 Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:676121. [PMID: 34095148 PMCID: PMC8170039 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.676121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The tuberal hypothalamic ventral premamillary nucleus (VPM) described in mammals links olfactory and metabolic cues with mating behavior and is involved in the onset of puberty. We offer here descriptive and experimental evidence on a migratory phase in the development of this structure in mice at E12.5–E13.5. Its cells originate at the retromamillary area (RM) and then migrate tangentially rostralward, eschewing the mamillary body, and crossing the molecularly distinct perimamillary band, until they reach a definitive relatively superficial ventral tuberal location. Corroborating recent transcriptomic studies reporting a variety of adult glutamatergic cell types in the VPM, and different projections in the adult, we found that part of this population heterogeneity emerges already early in development, during tangential migration, in the form of differential gene expression properties of at least 2–3 mixed populations possibly derived from subtly different parts of the RM. These partly distribute differentially in the core and shell parts of the final VPM. Since there is a neighboring acroterminal source of Fgf8, and Fgfr2 is expressed at the early RM, we evaluated a possible influence of Fgf8 signal on VPM development using hypomorphic Fgf8neo/null embryos. These results suggested a trophic role of Fgf8 on RM and all cells migrating tangentially out of this area (VPM and the subthalamic nucleus), leading in hypomorphs to reduced cellularity after E15.5 without alteration of the migrations proper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara López-González
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonia Alonso
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena García-Calero
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Eduardo de Puelles
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, CSIC, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Luis Puelles
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
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Garcia-Calero E, López-González L, Martínez-de-la-Torre M, Fan CM, Puelles L. Sim1-expressing cells illuminate the origin and course of migration of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract in the mouse amygdala. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:519-562. [PMID: 33492553 PMCID: PMC7910384 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We focus this report on the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (NLOT), a superficial amygdalar nucleus receiving olfactory input. Mixed with its Tbr1-expressing layer 2 pyramidal cell population (NLOT2), there are Sim1-expressing cells whose embryonic origin and mode of arrival remain unclear. We examined this population with Sim1-ISH and a Sim1-tauLacZ mouse line. An alar hypothalamic origin is apparent at the paraventricular area, which expresses Sim1 precociously. This progenitor area shows at E10.5 a Sim1-expressing dorsal prolongation that crosses the telencephalic stalk and follows the terminal sulcus, reaching the caudomedial end of the pallial amygdala. We conceive this Sim1-expressing hypothalamo-amygdalar corridor (HyA) as an evaginated part of the hypothalamic paraventricular area, which participates in the production of Sim1-expressing cells. From E13.5 onwards, Sim1-expressing cells migrated via the HyA penetrate the posterior pallial amygdalar radial unit and associate therein to the incipient Tbr1-expressing migration stream which swings medially past the amygdalar anterior basolateral nucleus (E15.5), crosses the pallio-subpallial boundary (E16.5), and forms the NLOT2 within the anterior amygdala by E17.5. We conclude that the Tbr1-expressing NLOT2 cells arise strictly within the posterior pallial amygdalar unit, involving a variety of required gene functions we discuss. Our results are consistent with the experimental data on NLOT2 origin reported by Remedios et al. (Nat Neurosci 10:1141–1150, 2007), but we disagree on their implication in this process of the dorsal pallium, observed to be distant from the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Garcia-Calero
- University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca Institute of Biomedical Research, 30120, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Lara López-González
- University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca Institute of Biomedical Research, 30120, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Chen-Ming Fan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Luis Puelles
- University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca Institute of Biomedical Research, 30120, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
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Candel FJ, Rico CM, Díaz de la Torre I, Laguna B, Martínez-Jordán J, Medrano S, Escobar-Porcel MC, López-Delgado A, López-González L, Viñuela-Prieto JM, Matesanz M, González Del Castillo J, Arribi A. Update in Infectious Diseases 2019. Rev Esp Quimioter 2019; 32 Suppl 2:1-9. [PMID: 31475801 PMCID: PMC6755363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The IX Course of Antimicrobials and Infectious Diseases update included a review of the main issues in clinical microbiology, epidemiology and clinical aspects for a current approach of infectious pathology. The present introduction summarizes about the most important meetings related to infectious diseases during 2018 (ECCMID, IAS, ASM and ID Week). In addition, the course provides a practical information to focus on nosocomial infection models, with immunosuppressed patients or complex multidrug-resistant pathogens. The closing lecture of this year reviewed the infection during donation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Candel
- Francisco Javier Candel, Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. IML Health Institute. Avda Profesor Martín Lagos s/n - 28040. Madrid, Spain.
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Candel FJ, Emilov T, Diaz de la Torre I, Ruedas A, Viñuela Prieto JM, Visiedo C, Martínez-Jordán J, López-González L, Matesanz M, Arribi A. Update in Infectious Diseases 2018. Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31 Suppl 1:1-8. [PMID: 30209913 PMCID: PMC6459573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
VIII Updating Course of Antimicrobials and Infectious Diseases has reviewed useful microbiological, epidemiological and clinical aspects for a current approach of infectious pathology. Present manuscript summarizes a chronicle about the main infection related meetings during 2017 (ECCMID, IAS, ASM and ID Week). In addition, the course proposed a practical approach for understanding different type of pathogens and our selected topics this year were the epidemiology of bacterial nosocomial infection, a practical approach to Clostridium difficile infection patients, a two year selection of the top ten papers about fungal infection and an update in fungal biofilms. Finally, proffesors made a practical approach by main clinical syndromes like sepsis, infections in oncohematological patients, CNS infections in immunosuppressed patients and reviewed the top ten papers in transplant infectious diseases and infection control during the last two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Candel
- Francisco Javier Candel González, Department of Clínical Microbiology. Health Research Institute (IdISSC). Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos. UCM. Avda Profesor Martín Lagos S/N. 28040. Madrid. Spain.
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González-Del Castillo J, Teja-Marina J, Candel FJ, Barberán J, Moreno-Cuervo A, Chiarella F, López-González L, Ramos-Cordero P, Martín-Sánchez FJ. BAHNG score: predictive model for detection of subjects with the oropharynx colonized by uncommon microorganisms. Rev Esp Quimioter 2017; 30:422-428. [PMID: 29115367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pneumonia is most frequently produced by the microaspiration of flora that colonizes the oropharynx. Etiological diagnosis of pneumonia is infrequent in clinical practise and empirical treatment should be prescribed. The aims of the present study were to determine the factors associated with oropharynx colonization by uncommon microorganisms (UM) and to develop a predictive model. METHODS A cross-sectional study that included all pa-tients living in one long-term care facilities was developed. Demographic, comorbidities, basal functional status and clinical data were collected. To determinate the oropharyngeal colonization, a single sample of pharynx was obtained for each subject using a cotton swab. RESULTS A total of 221 subjects were included, mean age 86.27 (SD 8.05) years and 157 (71%) were female. In 32 (14.5%) subjects UM flora was isolated, Gram-negative bacilli in 16 (7.2%) residents, and Staphylococcus aureus in 16 (7.2%). The predictive model included the presence of hypertension, neuromuscular disease, Barthel <90 and use of PEG. The BAHNG score (BArthel, Hypertension, Neuromuscular, Gastrostomy), showed an area under the curve of 0.731 (CI 95% 0.643-0.820; p<0.001). We have classified patients according to this score in low (0-2 points), intermediate (3-5 points) and high risk (≥ 6). The probability of UM colonization in the oropharyngeal based on this classification is 4.1%, 15.8% and 57.1% for low, intermediate and high risk, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The BAHNG score could help in the identifications of elderly patients with high risk of colonization by UM. In case of pneumonia the evaluation of the subject through this score could help in the initial decisions concerning antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J González-Del Castillo
- Juan González del Castillo, Emergency Department. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Calle Profesor Martín-Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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López-González L, Candel FJ, Viñuela-Prieto JM, González-Del Castillo J, García AB, Pena I, Rodríguez-Avial I. Useful independent factors for distinguish infection and colonization in patients with urinary carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolation. Rev Esp Quimioter 2017; 30:450-457. [PMID: 29115369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to know epidemiologic and clinical differences among those patients colonized or infected by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) and develop a predictive model to facilitate the clinical approach concerning to start antimicrobial therapy. METHODS Observational retrospective cohort study was performed involving all patients with Urine carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolation (UCPEI) between November 2013 and July 2015. Patients were classifieds as colonized or infected considering Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition for urinary tract infection (UTI). RESULTS A total of 72 patients were included, mean age 76.4 (IQR 23-99) years and 40 (55.6%) were women. Thirty-four (47.2%) were colonized and 38 (52.8%) met the criteria of UTI and were considered infected. The independent variables associated to infection were female sex, peripheral vascular disease, admission in medical ward, permanent urinary catheter carrier, previous antimicrobial therapy, and length of stay. Isolation of OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae behaved as a non UTI (colonization) factor in comparison with KPC or VIM CPE. The developed predictive model showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.901 (95% CI: 0.832-0.970; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The predictive model that includes all this factors has demonstrated a good accuracy for infection diagnosis in these patients, an important issue considering that establishing the diagnosis of infection is not always easy in the profile of patients in which a CPE is isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F J Candel
- Dr Francisco Javier Candel González, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. IDISSC. Universidad Complutense. Avda Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 28040. Madrid, Spain.
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Peñuelas M, Candel FJ, Lejarraga C, López-González L, Viñuela-Prieto JM, López de Mendoza D. Activity of linezolid and tedizolid against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant and methicillin and linezolid resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an in vitro comparison. Rev Esp Quimioter 2016; 29:255-258. [PMID: 27374726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Spain is approximately 20-30%. However, resistance to linezolid is rare, and the main reports are from nosocomial outbreaks. The objective of the present study was to compare the in vitro susceptibility of linezolid with that of tedizolid against MRSA isolates and methicillin-and linezolid-resistant isolates (MLRSA) mediated by the cfr gene. METHODS The in vitro susceptibility of linezolid and tedizolid was determined using the E-test with 18 MRSA strains and 18 cfr-mediated MLRSA strains obtained from clinical isolates in the microbiology service of a tertiary university hospital. RESULTS All MRSA strains were susceptible to both antibiotics. Analysis of the MRSA isolates revealed that the MIC50 and MIC90 of linezolid were 1.5 and 2 mg/L, respectively; those of tedizolid were 0.25 and 0.4 mg/L. The MIC50 and MIC90 of tedizolid remained at 0.75 and 1 mg/L against the MLRSA strains (MIC90 ≥ 8 mg/L). CONCLUSIONS Both for MRSA and for MLRSA, the MICs obtained for tedizolid were at least 2 dilutions lower than those of linezolid, thus demonstrating between 2 and 4 times greater activity in vitro than linezolid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F J Candel
- Francisco Javier Candel, Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Universidad Complutense Avda Dr Martín Lagos s/n 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Candel FJ, García-García AB, Peñuelas M, García-Alvarez A, Chiarella F, López-González L, García-Salguero C, Lejárraga C, Rodríguez-Avial I. [Update in Infectious Diseases 2016]. Rev Esp Quimioter 2016; 29 Suppl 1:1-5. [PMID: 27608304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance increases it health, social and economic impact. in all areas (state, regional and local), initiatives to try to contain the problem of resistance arise. In the update of this year 2016, we study microbiological, epidemiological and clinical aspects of multi-resistant bacteria, as well as resources for therapeutic approach, from ancient to modern drugs from therapeutic combinations to optimization Stewardship programs. In the case of fungal infection, we analyze clinical scenarios with different species in yeast or new clinical settings in filamentous fungi. Taking paediatric population, homologies and differences with adults in invasive fungal infection were compared. Finally in the field of parasitology, treatment of severe malaria imported or that resistant to antimalarial drugs were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Candel
- Francisco Javier Candel González. Servicio de Microbiología Clínica. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Universidad Complutense. Madrid. Avda Doctor Martín Lágos s/n28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Vidal-Casariego A, López-González L, Jiménez-Pérez A, Ballesteros-Pomar M, Kyriakos G, Urioste-Fondo A, Álvarez-San Martín R, Cano-Rodríguez I, Jiménez-García de la Marina J. Accuracy of Ultrasound Elastography in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer in a Low-risk Population. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2012; 120:635-8. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1323804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Vidal-Casariego
- Sección de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (Spain)
| | - L. López-González
- Servicio de Radiología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (Spain)
| | - A. Jiménez-Pérez
- Servicio de Radiología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (Spain)
| | - M. Ballesteros-Pomar
- Sección de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (Spain)
| | - G. Kyriakos
- Sección de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (Spain)
| | - A. Urioste-Fondo
- Sección de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (Spain)
| | - R. Álvarez-San Martín
- Sección de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (Spain)
| | - I. Cano-Rodríguez
- Sección de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (Spain)
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