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Ponson L, Shabir Z, Abdulmajid M, Van der Giessen E, Simone A. Unified scenario for the morphology of crack paths in two-dimensional disordered solids. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:055003. [PMID: 34942738 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.055003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A combined experimental and numerical investigation of the roughness of intergranular cracks in two-dimensional disordered solids is presented. We focus on brittle materials for which the characteristic length scale of damage is much smaller than the grain size. Surprisingly, brittle cracks do not follow a persistent path with a roughness exponent ζ≈0.6-0.7 as reported for a large range of materials. Instead, we show that they exhibit monoaffine scaling properties characterized by a roughness exponent ζ=0.50±0.05, which we explain theoretically from linear elastic fracture mechanics. Our findings support the description of the roughening process in two-dimensional brittle disordered solids by a random walk. Furthermore, they shed light on the failure mechanism at the origin of the persistent behavior with ζ≈0.6-0.7 observed for fractures in other materials, suggesting a unified scenario for the geometry of crack paths in two-dimensional disordered solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ponson
- Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, CNRS - Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Z Shabir
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands
| | - M Abdulmajid
- Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, CNRS - Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - E Van der Giessen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Simone
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
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2
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Ponson L, Gateau A, Malvy J. [How and why to diagnose autism?]. Rev Prat 2019; 69:743-747. [PMID: 32233313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
How and why to diagnose autism? The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder can be made today before the age of 3 years. a consensus is emerging today that early care is fundamental to improving behavioral prognosis. In fact the determining neural plasticity in the first years of life of all children is the key argument of the search for early detection. Beyond the disorders highlighted, any concern of parents for development, especially that of language and social interaction, should be considered as a major warning sign and give rise to a thorough review of the development of the child by the doctor ensures his usual follow-up, within the framework of a consultation dedicated to the identification of a TSA. The child must quickly be referred to a second-line team trained in early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ponson
- universitaire de pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de Tours, hôpital Bretonneau, Tours, France
| | - Adrien Gateau
- universitaire de pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de Tours, hôpital Bretonneau, Tours, France
| | - Joëlle Malvy
- universitaire de pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de Tours, hôpital Bretonneau, Tours, France. Unité Inserm 1253 Ibrain, Tours, France
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Brayette M, Saliba E, Malvy J, Blanc R, Ponson L, Tripi G, Roux S, Bonnet-Brilhault F. Incomplete Gestation has an Impact on Cognitive Abilities in Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49:4339-4345. [PMID: 31267284 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Extreme prematurity is known as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the association between prematurity and ASD, for children born moderately and late preterm (MLPT) and those born early term (ET), is less established. This retrospective study aimed to characterize the phenotypic characteristics (i.e. behavioral profile and cognitive abilities) of 254 children with ASD, between 3 and 15 years of age, born MLPT (19 children), ET (60 children) and full term (175 children). MLPT and ET births do not modify ASD symptomatology, but modify cognitive development. The results highlight that incomplete gestation, i.e., MLPT or ET, has a negative impact on both verbal and nonverbal cognitive abilities, in children with neurodevelopmental vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Brayette
- Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Elie Saliba
- Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Joëlle Malvy
- Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de Tours, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours Cedex 9, France.,UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Romuald Blanc
- EA 4057, Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Laura Ponson
- Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de Tours, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours Cedex 9, France
| | - Gabriele Tripi
- Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de Tours, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours Cedex 9, France.,Dipartemento PRoSAMI, Paolo Giaccone Hospital, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sylvie Roux
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Frédérique Bonnet-Brilhault
- Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de Tours, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours Cedex 9, France. .,UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.
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Bonnet-Brilhault F, Rajerison TA, Paillet C, Guimard-Brunault M, Saby A, Ponson L, Tripi G, Malvy J, Roux S. Autism is a prenatal disorder: Evidence from late gestation brain overgrowth. Autism Res 2018; 11:1635-1642. [PMID: 30485722 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective study aimed to specify the critical period for atypical brain development in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using prenatal and postnatal head growth parameters. The sample consisted of 80 Caucasian, unrelated, idiopathic patients with ASD born after 1995. Fetal ultrasound parameters (head circumference [HC], abdominal circumference, and femur length) were obtained during the second and third trimesters of gestation. HC at birth and postnatal parameters at 12 and 24 months of age were also collected. Head overgrowth, assessed by HC, was highlighted during the second (20-26 weeks of amenorrhea) and third (28-36 weeks of amenorrhea) trimesters. Normal growth of body fetal parameters indicated that head overgrowth was not because of overall body overgrowth. Moreover, postnatal results replicated previously and reported head overgrowth. A critical time window for atypical brain development in autism is hypothesized to begin from the 22nd week of amenorrhea. This period is critical for cortical lamination and glial activation. A pathophysiological cascade is suggested with interactions between candidate genes and environmental factors. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1635-1642. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: It is now widely acknowledged in the scientific community, that autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Recent evidence from animal and pathological studies has implicated the in utero period. However, the precise time of onset of abnormal brain development remains unknown. This retrospective study reports novel findings, identifying an atypical head growth trajectory in children with autism, during the in utero period (after the 22nd week of amenorrhea). In the same children, postnatal head overgrowth was also observed. Late gestation is identified as a critical period for atypical brain development underlying autism symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fréderique Bonnet-Brilhault
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Toky A Rajerison
- Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christian Paillet
- Unité de Médecine Fœtale, Centre Olympe de Gouge, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Agathe Saby
- Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Laura Ponson
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Gabriele Tripi
- Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,Dipartement PROSAMI, Paolo Giaccone Hospital, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Joëlle Malvy
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sylvie Roux
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
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Ponson L, Gomot M, Blanc R, Barthelemy C, Roux S, Munnich A, Romana S, Aguillon-Hernandez N, Malan V, Bonnet-Brilhault F. 22q13 deletion syndrome: communication disorder or autism? Evidence from a specific clinical and neurophysiological phenotype. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:146. [PMID: 30089781 PMCID: PMC6082846 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome is related to terminal 22q13 deletions of various sizes affecting the SHANK3 gene. In this neurodevelopmental disorder, behavioural symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are reported in half of cases. Extensive clinical and neurophysiological characterization is lacking to understand the genotype-phenotype correlation. Eighteen patients (8 males, mean age 12.7 years, SD = 9.2) with known 22q13 deletions were fully explored with determination of deletion size, along with behavioural, language and cognitive standardized assessments. Neurophysiological indices previously reported to be altered in autism (i.e., eye tracking in a social/non-social task and auditory evoked potential mismatch) were also recorded. Thirty-nine percent met ASD clinical criteria, exceeding cut-off scores on both ADI-R (Autism Diagnosis Interview based on the period spanning 4-5 years of age) and ADOS-2 (Autism Diagnosis Observation Schedule for the current period). All patients had intellectual disability and language disability. Deletion size was significantly correlated with expressive and receptive language disability but not with ASD standardized assessment scores. Developmental Quotient tended to be lower in patients with the largest deletions. Using Eye Tracking, smaller pupil size, which is typically described in ASD, was not observed in these patients. Furthermore, atypical shortened latency of mismatch negativity response previously reported in ASD was not observed, whereas the N250 pattern, related to language, was affected. Language disability combined with cognitive deficits may lead to autistic behavioural symptoms, but with different neurophysiological networks compared to typical autism. These results highlight the indication for early speech therapy rather than intensive autism programme to treat these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ponson
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France. .,Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Marie Gomot
- 0000 0001 2182 6141grid.12366.30UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Romuald Blanc
- 0000 0004 1765 1600grid.411167.4Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France ,0000 0001 2188 0914grid.10992.33Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut de Psychologie, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé (EA 4057), Paris, France
| | - Catherine Barthelemy
- 0000 0001 2182 6141grid.12366.30UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Sylvie Roux
- 0000 0001 2182 6141grid.12366.30UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- 0000 0001 2188 0914grid.10992.33Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France ,0000 0004 0593 9113grid.412134.1Laboratory of Molecular and Pathophysiological Bases of Cognitive Disorders, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Serge Romana
- 0000 0001 2188 0914grid.10992.33Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France ,0000 0004 0593 9113grid.412134.1Service d’Histologie-Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Valérie Malan
- 0000 0001 2188 0914grid.10992.33Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France ,0000 0004 0593 9113grid.412134.1Service d’Histologie-Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Bonnet-Brilhault
- 0000 0001 2182 6141grid.12366.30UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France ,0000 0004 1765 1600grid.411167.4Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology and appropriate pharmacological interventions for delusional infestation remain unknown. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we report a case of primary delusional infestation successfully treated with aripiprazole. We performed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate brain structures and functional modifications. Before antipsychotic treatment, pre- versus post-treatment fMRI images revealed a marked increase in brain activation in the supplementary motor area (SMA). CONCLUSION Our results highlight the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in the treatment of delusional infestation and the possible role of SMA dysfunction in delusional infestation. Indeed, our results suggest that psychiatric improvement of delusional infestation is associated with normalization of brain activity, particularly in the SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ponson
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR U930, Tours, France ; CHRU de Tours, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Frédéric Andersson
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR U930, Tours, France
| | - Wissam El-Hage
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR U930, Tours, France ; CHRU de Tours, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, Tours, France
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Xia S, Ponson L, Ravichandran G, Bhattacharya K. Toughening and asymmetry in peeling of heterogeneous adhesives. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:196101. [PMID: 23003062 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.196101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effective adhesive properties of heterogeneous thin films are characterized through a combined experimental and theoretical investigation. By bridging scales, we show how variations of elastic or adhesive properties at the microscale can significantly affect the effective peeling behavior of the adhesive at the macroscale. Our study reveals three elementary mechanisms in heterogeneous systems involving front propagation: (i) patterning the elastic bending stiffness of the film produces fluctuations of the driving force resulting in dramatically enhanced resistance to peeling; (ii) optimized arrangements of pinning sites with large adhesion energy are shown to control the effective system resistance, allowing the design of highly anisotropic and asymmetric adhesives; (iii) heterogeneities of both types result in front motion instabilities producing sudden energy releases that increase the overall adhesion energy. These findings open potentially new avenues for the design of thin films with improved adhesion properties, and motivate new investigations of other phenomena involving front propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Xia
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0405, USA
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Lechenault F, Rountree CL, Cousin F, Bouchaud JP, Ponson L, Bouchaud E. Evidence of deep water penetration in silica during stress corrosion fracture. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:165504. [PMID: 21599383 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.165504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We measure the thickness of the heavy water layer trapped under the stress corrosion fracture surface of silica using neutron reflectivity experiments. We show that the penetration depth is 65-85 Å, suggesting the presence of a damaged zone of ∼100 Å extending ahead of the crack tip during its propagation. This estimate of the size of the damaged zone is compatible with other recent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lechenault
- CEA-Saclay, IRAMIS, SPEC, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Bonamy D, Santucci S, Ponson L. Crackling dynamics in material failure as the signature of a self-organized dynamic phase transition. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:045501. [PMID: 18764338 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.045501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We derive here a linear elastic stochastic description for slow crack growth in heterogeneous materials. This approach succeeds in reproducing quantitatively the intermittent crackling dynamics observed recently during the slow propagation of a crack along a weak heterogeneous plane of a transparent Plexiglas block [K. J. Måløy et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 045501 (2006)10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.045501]. In this description, the quasistatic failure of heterogeneous media appears as a self-organized critical phase transition. As such, it exhibits universal and to some extent predictable scaling laws, analogous to that of other systems such as, for example, magnetization noise in ferromagnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bonamy
- IRAMIS, SPCSI, Group Complex Systems and Fracture, CEA, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France.
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Ponson L, Auradou H, Pessel M, Lazarus V, Hulin JP. Failure mechanisms and surface roughness statistics of fractured Fontainebleau sandstone. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2007; 76:036108. [PMID: 17930307 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.036108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to investigate the link between failure mechanisms and the geometry of fractures of compacted grains materials, a detailed statistical analysis of the surfaces of fractured Fontainebleau sandstones has been achieved. The roughness of samples of different widths W is shown to be self-affine with an exponent zeta=0.46+/-0.05 over a range of length scales ranging from the grain size d up to an upper cutoff length xi approximately =0.15 W. This low zeta value is in agreement with measurements on other sandstones and on sintered materials. The probability distributions pi delta z(delta h) of the variations of height over different distances delta z>d can be collapsed onto a single Gaussian distribution with a suitable normalization and do not display multiscaling features. The roughness amplitude, as characterized by the height-height correlation over fixed distances delta z, does not depend on the sample width, implying that no anomalous scaling of the type reported for other materials is present. It is suggested, in agreement with recent theoretical work, to explain these results by the occurrence of brittle fracture (instead of damage failure in materials displaying a higher value of zeta approximately =0.8 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ponson
- Laboratoire Fluide, Automatique et Systèmes Thermiques, UMR No. 7608, CNRS, Université Paris 6 and 11, Bâtiment 502, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
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Bonamy D, Ponson L, Prades S, Bouchaud E, Guillot C. Scaling exponents for fracture surfaces in homogeneous glass and glassy ceramics. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:135504. [PMID: 17026045 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.135504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the scaling properties of postmortem fracture surfaces in silica glass and glassy ceramics. In both cases, the 2D height-height correlation function is found to obey Family-Viseck scaling properties, but with two sets of critical exponents, in particular, a roughness exponent zeta approximately 0.75 in homogeneous glass and zeta approximately 0.4 in glassy ceramics. The ranges of length scales over which these two scalings are observed are shown to be below and above the size of the process zone, respectively. A model derived from linear elastic fracture mechanics in the quasistatic approximation succeeds to reproduce the scaling exponents observed in glassy ceramics. The critical exponents observed in homogeneous glass are conjectured to reflect the damage screening occurring for length scales below the size of the process zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bonamy
- Service de Physique et Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, DSM/DRECAM/SPCSI, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
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Abstract
The self-affine properties of postmortem fracture surfaces in silica glass and aluminum alloy were investigated through the 2D height-height correlation function. They are observed to exhibit anisotropy. The roughness, dynamic, and growth exponents are determined and shown to be the same for the two materials, irrespective of the crack velocity. These exponents are conjectured to be universal.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ponson
- Fracture Group, Service de Physique et Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, DSM/DRECAM/SPCSI, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
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