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Brunner A, Lehmann A, Hettlich B, Peters LM, Doras CJ, Adamik KN. Inflammatory biomarker concentrations in dogs with gastric dilatation volvulus with and without 24-h intravenous lidocaine. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1287844. [PMID: 38239745 PMCID: PMC10794732 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1287844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Canine gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV) is characterized by tissue ischemia, reperfusion, and systemic inflammation. Evidence exists that lidocaine exerts anti-inflammatory properties and potentially improves outcome. Design and setting Prospective, randomized observational cohort study in client-owned dogs with GDV. Objective The primary objective of the study was the determination of pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarker concentrations in dogs with GDV with and without intravenous (IV) lidocaine therapy. The second objective was the evaluation of side effects of lidocaine. Methods Of 35 dogs included in the study, 20 dogs were assigned to receive lidocaine (LIDO) (2 mg/kg initially, followed by a continuous infusion at a rate of 50 μg/kg/min over 24 h) and 15 dogs not to receive lidocaine (NO-LIDO). Plasma concentrations of cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-18, interferon gamma, keratinocyte chemotactic-like, monocyte chemotactic protein, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at admission (prior any therapeutic intervention, T0), immediately after surgery (T1), at 24 h (T24), and at 48 h (T48) post-surgery. Results No significant differences in concentrations of any cytokines were found between the LIDO- and the NO-LIDO group. Significant lower CRP concentrations (median [range]) were found in dogs with lidocaine compared to dogs without at T24 (97.5 pg/mL [46.3-161.7] vs. 127.9 pg/mL [26.9-182.0]; p = 0.046) and T48 (73.7 pg/mL [18.4-169.4] vs. 116.3 pg/mL [71.4-176.8]; p = 0.002). Dogs receiving lidocaine exhibited significantly impaired mentation, a prolonged period of anorexia, and longer hospitalization compared to dogs without lidocaine. Conclusion Lidocaine administration had no impact on the plasma levels of cytokines during the 48-h study period, but significantly lower CRP concentrations were found at T24 and T48. Lidocaine's potential side effects require careful decision making regarding its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brunner
- Division of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Lehmann
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bianca Hettlich
- Division of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laureen M. Peters
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Camille Julie Doras
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katja-Nicole Adamik
- Division of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Jacinto JGP, Küchler LB, Peters LM, Van der Vekens E, Gurtner C, Seefried FR, Meylan M, Drögemüller C. MOCOS-associated renal syndrome in a Brown Swiss cattle. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2603-2609. [PMID: 37675885 PMCID: PMC10658536 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recessive form of MOCOS-associated xanthinuria type II is described in Tyrolean grey cattle. A similar case was identified in a 5-month-old Brown Swiss calf with hoof overgrowth, rough coat, urine sediment, and pneumonia. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To characterize the disease phenotype, to evaluate its genetic etiology, and to determine the prevalence of the deleterious allele in the Brown Swiss population. ANIMALS An affected calf, its parents, and 65 441 Swiss dairy cattle. METHODS The affected animal was clinically examined and necropsied. Microarray genotyping was used to determine the genotypes and to assess the frequency of the MOCOS allele in a Brown Swiss control cohort. RESULTS Ultrasonography revealed hyperechoic renal pyramids with multifocal distal shadowing and echogenic sediment in the urinary bladder. Necropsy revealed suppurative bronchopneumonia and urolithiasis. Histology revealed numerous nephroliths with multifocal chronic lymphohistiocytic interstitial infiltrates, fibrosis, tubular degeneration, chronic multifocal glomerulonephritis with sclerosis, and bilateral hydronephrosis. Dysplastic changes were observed in the corium of the claw and the cornea. Genetic testing identified the homozygous presence of a known MOCOS frameshift variant in the case. Both parents were heterozygous and the prevalence of carriers in genotyped Brown Swiss cattle was 1.4% (342/24337). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The findings were consistent with the diagnosis of a recessive renal syndrome similar to xanthinuria type II described in Tyrolean grey cattle. The prevalence of the deleterious MOCOS allele is low in the Brown Swiss breed. However, mating of carriers should be avoided to prevent further losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana G. P. Jacinto
- Department of Veterinary Medical SciencesUniversity of BolognaOzzanoItaly
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Laureen M. Peters
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Elke Van der Vekens
- Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Corinne Gurtner
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Mireille Meylan
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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Lourdes Frehner B, Christen M, Reichler IM, Jagannathan V, Novacco M, Riond B, Peters LM, Suárez Sánchez-Andrade J, Pieńkowska-Schelling A, Schelling C, Kipar A, Leeb T, Balogh O. Autosomal recessive hyposegmentation of granulocytes in Australian Shepherd Dogs indicates a role for LMBR1L in myeloid leukocytes. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010805. [PMID: 37347778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelger-Huët anomaly (PHA) in humans is an autosomal dominant hematological phenotype without major clinical consequences. PHA involves a characteristic hyposegmentation of granulocytes (HG). Human PHA is caused by heterozygous loss of function variants in the LBR gene encoding lamin receptor B. Bi-allelic variants and complete deficiency of LBR cause the much more severe Greenberg skeletal dysplasia which is lethal in utero and characterized by massive skeletal malformation and gross fetal hydrops. HG phenotypes have also been described in domestic animals and homology to human PHA has been claimed in the literature. We studied a litter of Australian Shepherd Dogs with four stillborn puppies in which both parents had an HG phenotype. Linkage analysis excluded LBR as responsible gene for the stillborn puppies. We then investigated the HG phenotype in Australian Shepherd Dogs independently of the prenatal lethality. Genome-wide association mapped the HG locus to chromosome 27 and established an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Whole genome sequencing identified a splice site variant in LMBR1L, c.191+1G>A, as most likely causal variant for the HG phenotype. The mutant allele abrogates the expression of the longer X2 isoform but does not affect transcripts encoding the shorter X1 isoform of the LMBR1L protein. The homozygous mutant LMBR1L genotype associated with HG is common in Australian Shepherd Dogs and was found in 39 of 300 genotyped dogs (13%). Our results point to a previously unsuspected function of LMBR1L in the myeloid lineage of leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Lourdes Frehner
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Christen
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Iris M Reichler
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marilisa Novacco
- Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Riond
- Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laureen M Peters
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Aldona Pieńkowska-Schelling
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Research Platform AgroVet-Strickhof, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Lindau, Switzerland
| | - Claude Schelling
- Research Platform AgroVet-Strickhof, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Lindau, Switzerland
| | - Anja Kipar
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Orsolya Balogh
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
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Wolfer LA, Basso WU, Frey CF, Schuller S, Amphimaque B, Jankovic J, Howard J, Peters LM. Biliary Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection in a dog under immunomodulatory therapy. J Small Anim Pract 2023. [PMID: 37017013 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
An 8-year-old female spayed Labrador retriever was presented for the evaluation of severe weight loss 10 weeks after starting an immunomodulatory treatment, including prednisolone and cyclosporine, for meningoencephalitis of unknown origin. Plasma biochemistry analysis showed mild to moderate increases in liver enzyme activities and a moderate decrease in urea concentration. Abdominal ultrasound revealed mild hepatomegaly and a large gall bladder with unremarkable wall and content. Cholecystocentesis was performed and bile was examined both cytologically and by molecular methods, which revealed the presence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Treatment was initiated with albendazole but was discontinued due to the development of severe neutropenia. The medical management was subsequently changed to fenbendazole and the dog made a complete recovery. This report describes the first case of clinical manifestation and successful treatment of biliary E. bieneusi infection in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Wolfer
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - W U Basso
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C F Frey
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Schuller
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B Amphimaque
- Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Jankovic
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Howard
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - L M Peters
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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Bendeler KS, Howard J, Francey T, Schweighauser A, Peters LM. Hyperlipasemia in dogs with acute kidney injury treated with and without hemodialysis. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1067-1076. [PMID: 37013632 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipasemia has been reported in dogs with acute kidney injury (AKI) but associations with AKI severity, hemodialysis (HD) treatment, and outcome have not been extensively evaluated. OBJECTIVES Investigate the prevalence and clinical relevance of hyperlipasemia in dogs with AKI, treated with and without HD. ANIMALS Client-owned dogs (n = 125) with AKI. METHODS Retrospective data extraction from medical records, including signalment, cause of AKI, duration of hospitalization, survival, plasma creatinine concentration, and 1,2-o-dilauryl-rac-glycero-3-glutaric acid-(6'-methyresorufin) ester (DGGR) lipase activity at admission and throughout hospitalization. RESULTS A DGGR-lipase activity >3× the upper reference limit (URL) was found in 28.8% and 55.4% of dogs at admission and during hospitalization, respectively, but only 8.8% and 14.9% of dogs, respectively, were diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Hyperlipasemia >10 × URL was observed in 32.7% of dogs during hospitalization. The DGGR-lipase activity was higher in dogs with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) Grades 4-5 than Grades 1-3, but correlation between DGGR-lipase activity and creatinine concentration was poor (rs = .22; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.04-0.38). Treatment with HD was not associated with DGGR-lipase activity independent of IRIS grade. Survival to discharge and 30 days after admission was 65.6% and 59.6%, respectively. High IRIS grades (P = .03) and high DGGR-lipase activity at admission (P = .02) and during hospitalization (P = .003) were associated with nonsurvival. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Hyperlipasemia is frequent and often marked in dogs with AKI despite only a minority being diagnosed with pancreatitis. Hyperlipasemia is associated with AKI severity but not independently with HD treatment. High IRIS grade and hyperlipasemia were associated with nonsurvival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S Bendeler
- Small Animal Clinic, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Judith Howard
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Francey
- Small Animal Clinic, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ariane Schweighauser
- Small Animal Clinic, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laureen M Peters
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Lehmann A, Brunner A, Marti E, Francey T, Steinbach S, Peters LM, Adamik KN. Concentrations and kinetics of renal biomarkers in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus with and without 24-h intravenous lidocaine. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1115783. [PMID: 36846247 PMCID: PMC9953137 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1115783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV) can lead to organ failure including acute kidney injury (AKI). Due to its cytoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, lidocaine has a potential to prevent AKI in dogs with GDV. Design and setting Prospective, observational cohort study in client-owned dogs with GDV. Objective To determine concentrations of renal biomarkers for AKI in dogs with GDV with and without intravenous (IV) lidocaine therapy. Methods Thirty-two dogs were randomized to receive either IV lidocaine (2 mg/kg, followed by a lidocaine constant rate infusion at a dose of 50 μg/kg/min over 24 h; n = 17) or no lidocaine (n = 15). Blood and urine samples were taken at admission (T 0) (only blood), during or immediately after surgery (T 1), and 24 (T 24) and 48 (T 48) h after surgery. Plasma creatinine (pCr), plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (pNGAL), urinary NGAL (uNGAL), uNGAL to creatinine ratio (UNCR), and urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase to creatinine ratio (uGGT/uCr) were evaluated. Biomarker concentrations were compared between dogs with and without IV lidocaine and the course of each marker was determined in comparison to its admission value. Results In the entire population, a significantly higher pCr at T 0 (median, 95 μmol/L, interquartile range, 82-105) compared with T 1 (69 μmol/L, 60-78), T 24 (63 μmol/L, 52-78), and T 48 (78 μmol/L, 65-87) (P < 0.001) was found. Plasma NGAL increased significantly between T 0 (5.66 ng/mL, 3.58-7.43) and T 24 (7.50 ng/mL, 4.01-11.89) (P = 0.006) and T 48 (9.86 ng/mL, 5.52-13.92) (P < 0.001), respectively. Urinary NGAL increased significantly between T 1 (0.61 ng/mL, 0.30-2.59) and T 24 (2.62 ng/mL, 1.86-10.92) (P = 0.001) and T 48 (4.79 ng/mL, 1.96-34.97 (P < 0.001), respectively. UNCR increased significantly between T 1 (0.15 μg/mmol, 0.09-0.54) and T 24 (1.14 μg/mmol, 0.41-3.58) (P = 0.0015) and T 48 (1.34 μg/mmol, 0.30-7.42) (P < 0.001), respectively. Concentrations of uGGT/uCr increased significantly from T 0 highest at T 24 (6.20 U/mmol, 3.90-9.90) and significantly decreased at T 48 (3.76 U/mmol, 2.84-6.22) (P < 0.001). No significant differences in any renal biomarker concentration were found between dogs with and without IV lidocaine therapy. Conclusion and clinical relevance Plasma NGAL, uNGAL and UNCR remained increased up to 48 h post-surgery. No evidence of lidocaine-associated renoprotection was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lehmann
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Brunner
- Division of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eliane Marti
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Francey
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Steinbach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Laureen M. Peters
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katja-Nicole Adamik
- Division of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Peters LM, Howard J, Leeb T, Mevissen M, Graf R, Reding Graf T. Identification of regenerating island-derived protein 3E in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1010809. [PMID: 36387376 PMCID: PMC9650133 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1010809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerating islet-derived protein (REG) 1A (aka pancreatic stone protein) and REG3A (aka pancreatitis-associated protein) are upregulated in humans with sepsis, pancreatitis, and gastrointestinal diseases, but little is known about this protein family in dogs. Our aim was to identify REG1 and REG3 family members in dogs. REG-family genes were computationally annotated in the canine genome and proteome, with verification of gene expression using publicly available RNA-seq data. The presence of the protein in canine pancreatic tissue and plasma was investigated with Western blot and immunohistochemistry, using anti-human REG1A and REG3A antibodies. Protein identity was confirmed with mass spectrometry. Two members of the REG3 subfamily were found in the canine genome, REG3E1 and REG3E2, both encoding for the same 176 AA protein, subsequently named REG3E. Anti-human REG3A antibodies demonstrated cross-reactivity with the canine REG3E protein in pancreas homogenates. In canine plasma, a protein band of approximately 17 kDa was apparent. Mass spectrometry confirmed this protein to be the product of the two annotated REG3E genes. Strong immunoreactivity to anti-human REG3A antibodies was found in sections of canine pancreas affected with acute pancreatitis, but it was weak in healthy pancreatic tissue. Recombinant canine REG3E protein underwent a selective trypsin digestion as described in other species. No evidence for the presence of a homolog of REG1A in dogs was found in any of the investigations. In conclusion, dogs express REG3E in the pancreas, whose role as biomarker merits further investigations. Homologs to human REG1A are not likely to exist in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureen M. Peters
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Laureen M. Peters
| | - Judith Howard
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Graf
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Pancreas Research Laboratory, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Theresia Reding Graf
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Pancreas Research Laboratory, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Sage SE, Nicholson P, Peters LM, Leeb T, Jagannathan V, Gerber V. Single-cell gene expression analysis of cryopreserved equine bronchoalveolar cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:929922. [PMID: 36105804 PMCID: PMC9467276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptomic profile of a cell population can now be studied at the cellular level using single-cell mRNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). This novel technique provides the unprecedented opportunity to explore the cellular composition of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of the horse, a species for which cell type markers are poorly described. Here, scRNA-seq technology was applied to cryopreserved equine BALF cells. Analysis of 4,631 cells isolated from three asthmatic horses in remission identified 16 cell clusters belonging to six major cell types: monocytes/macrophages, T cells, B/plasma cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils and mast cells. Higher resolution analysis of the constituents of the major immune cell populations allowed deep annotation of monocytes/macrophages, T cells and B/plasma cells. A significantly higher lymphocyte/macrophage ratio was detected with scRNA-seq compared to conventional cytological differential cell count. For the first time in horses, we detected a transcriptomic signature consistent with monocyte-lymphocyte complexes. Our findings indicate that scRNA-seq technology is applicable to cryopreserved equine BALF cells, allowing the identification of its major (cytologically differentiated) populations as well as previously unexplored T cell and macrophage subpopulations. Single-cell gene expression analysis has the potential to facilitate understanding of the immunological mechanisms at play in respiratory disorders of the horse, such as equine asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E. Sage
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Sophie E. Sage,
| | - Pamela Nicholson
- Next Generation Sequencing Platform, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laureen M. Peters
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Next Generation Sequencing Platform, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vinzenz Gerber
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Wolfer LA, Howard J, Peters LM. Accuracy of 1,2-o-Dilauryl-rac-glycero-3-glutaric Acid-(6'-methylresorufin) Ester (DGGR)-Lipase to Predict Canine Pancreas-Specific Lipase (cPL) and Diagnostic Accuracy of Both Tests for Canine Acute Pancreatitis. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9040177. [PMID: 35448676 PMCID: PMC9032318 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9040177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Different lipase assays have variable reported diagnostic accuracies for acute pancreatitis (AP) in dogs. The aims of this retrospective study were to evaluate optimal cutoffs for 1,2-o-dilauryl-rac-glycero-3-glutaric acid-(6′-methylresorufin) ester (DGGR)-lipase to predict diagnostic cutoffs of canine pancreas-specific lipase (cPL; IDEXX). DGGR-lipase activity and cPL from the same blood draw in 301 dogs with a variety of diseases were compared using Spearman’s rank correlation, Cohen’s kappa agreement, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Activity of DGGR-lipase (10−15,616 U/L) and cPL concentrations (8.1−≥2000 µg/L) were highly correlated (rs = 0.91). Areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) to predict cPL >200 and ≥400 µg/L with DGGR-lipase were 0.97 and 0.99, with optimal cutoffs of 143 U/L (sensitivity (Se) 91.7%; specificity (Sp) 95.3%) and 205 U/L (Se 97.5%; Sp 96.4%), and Cohen’s kappa agreements of 0.87 and 0.92, respectively. AUCs for a clinical diagnosis of AP, assigned to 87/301 dogs, with DGGR-lipase (0.75) and cPL (0.76) did not differ significantly (p = 0.48); optimal cutoffs were 161 U/L for DGGR (Se 67%; Sp 81%) and 235 µg/L for cPL (Se 68%; Sp 84%). To conclude, DGGR-lipase is a highly accurate predictor of cPL with a comparable performance when used to diagnose AP in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina A. Wolfer
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (L.A.W.); (J.H.)
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Judith Howard
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (L.A.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Laureen M. Peters
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (L.A.W.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Brunner A, Schuller S, Hettlich B, Marti E, Lehmann A, Peters LM, Adamik KN. Kinetics of Plasma Cytokines, Angiopoietin-2, and C-Reactive Protein in Dogs With Gastric Dilatation Volvulus. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:652479. [PMID: 34222394 PMCID: PMC8242176 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.652479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The degree of systemic inflammation, reperfusion injury and endothelial activation are potentially important determinants of clinical outcomes in dogs with gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV). Objective: To evaluate plasma concentrations and kinetics of inflammatory markers in dogs with GDV over a time frame of 48 h, and to compare to healthy dogs. Design and Setting: Prospective, observational cohort study in client-owned dogs with GDV. Materials and Methods: Fifteen dogs with GDV and 9 healthy control dogs were enrolled. Plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-18, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), keratinocyte chemotactic-like, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, Angiopoietin (Ang)-2, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at admission (prior any therapeutic intervention, (T0), immediately after surgery (T1), 24 ± 4 h (T24), and 48 ± 4 h (T48) post-surgery. Cytokines were measured using multiplex magnetic bead assay. Plasma Ang-2 was measured with a commercial human ELISA test kit validated for dogs. Results: Dogs with GDV had significantly higher plasma concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-10 compared to healthy control dogs at all time points. Concentrations of IL-6 were significantly higher at T1 and T24, concentrations of MCP-1 at T24, and concentrations of CRP at T24 and T48. A significant increase between T0 and T1 was found for IL-6, IL-10, and CRP, between T1 and T24 for IL-8, IFN-γ, MCP-1, and CRP, and between T24 and T48 for IL-15, Ang-2, and CRP. A significant decrease between T0 and T1 was found for IL-7, IL-8, IL-15, IL-18, and Ang-2; between T1 and T24 for IL-6 and KC-like; and between T24 and T48 for IL-6. Conclusion: In GDV dogs, a mild pro-inflammatory reaction was present at admission, which peaked immediately after and up to 24 h post-surgery, mainly represented by IL-6, IFN-γ, MCP-1, and CRP, and which decreased at T48. In addition, the anti-inflammatory IL-10 was increased in GDV dogs at all time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brunner
- Division of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Schuller
- Division of Small Animal Internal medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bianca Hettlich
- Division of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eliane Marti
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Lehmann
- Division of Small Animal Internal medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laureen M Peters
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katja-Nicole Adamik
- Division of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Fouché N, Oesch S, Gerber V, Richter H, Howard J, Peters LM. Pre-analytical stability of sorbitol dehydrogenase in equine heparinized plasma. Vet J 2021; 274:105706. [PMID: 34148016 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activity is one of the most sensitive and specific markers for hepatocellular injury in horses, but its reported lability makes it impractical for use in many clinical settings. To date, stability of SDH in equine samples has only been evaluated in a limited number of studies in serum samples of horses with activities within reference intervals. The objective of the study was to determine pre-analytical stability of equine SDH activity in heparinized plasma stored at different temperatures for up to 72 h. Twenty client-owned horses admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital for any reason were included in the study. Blood samples collected in lithium-heparin tubes were immediately centrifuged and SDH activity was analyzed within 1 h of collection (T0). Aliquots of plasma were stored at room temperature, 4 °C and -20 °C and SDH activity was re-analyzed after 4 h (T4), 24 h (T24) and 72 h (T72). A significant difference from values measured at T0 was found for samples stored at room temperature (P = 0.022) and -20 °C (P < 0.001), but not at 4 °C. The activity of SDH was within ±20% of that measured at T0 for all samples under all temperature conditions stored for 4 h, and for all samples stored at 4 °C for 24 h. Bland-Altman plots revealed narrow limits of agreement at T4 for all storage temperatures and at T24 for samples stored at 4 °C. The mean absolute percentage error and 95th percentile of the absolute percentage error were lower for samples stored at 4 °C than those stored at room temperature or -20 °C. The activity of SDH has adequate stability for 4 h regardless of storage temperature and 24 h if stored at 4 °C across a wide range of values. Knowledge of the pre-analytical stability of SDH may permit its broader use in assessing hepatic disorders in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fouché
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - S Oesch
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - V Gerber
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - H Richter
- Diagnostic Imaging Research Unit, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Howard
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - L M Peters
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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12
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Prümmer JK, Howard J, Grandt LM, Obrador de Aguilar R, Meneses F, Peters LM. Hyperlipasemia in critically ill dogs with and without acute pancreatitis: Prevalence, underlying diseases, predictors, and outcome. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:2319-2329. [PMID: 32945588 PMCID: PMC7694860 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperlipasemia is frequent in critically ill people without evidence of acute pancreatitis (AP), and has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Objective To evaluate the prevalence of hyperlipasemia at admission and development of hyperlipasemia during hospitalization in critically ill dogs, explore factors associated with hyperlipasemia, and evaluate association with outcome. Animals Critically ill, client owned dogs (n = 1360), presented on emergency and admitted to the intensive care unit, that had 1,2‐o‐dilauryl‐rac‐glycero‐3‐glutaric acid‐(6′‐methylresorufin) ester (DGGR) lipase activity measured within 24 hours of admission. Methods Retrospective cross‐sectional study of clinical and laboratory records. Results The DGGR lipase activity was increased >3× the upper reference limit at admission in 216/1360 (16%) dogs, of which 70/216 (32%) had a clinical diagnosis of AP. Other primary conditions associated with hyperlipasemia were renal, endocrine, and immune‐mediated diseases, and upper airway obstruction. Predictors of hyperlipasemia at admission were prior glucocorticoid administration, vomiting and abdominal pain, increased age, plasma bilirubin and creatinine concentrations, and decreased hematocrit. Of dogs with repeat measurements, 78/345 (23%) had significantly increased lipase during hospitalization, of which 13/78 (17%) had a clinical diagnosis of AP. Other primary conditions associated with in‐hospital hyperlipasemia were renal and immune‐mediated disorders. Predictors of developing hyperlipasemia during hospitalization were hemodialysis events, increased plasma bilirubin and creatinine concentrations, and decreased hematocrit. Hyperlipasemia both at admission and during hospitalization was associated with longer hospitalization and higher mortality. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Significant DGGR‐hyperlipasemia is frequent in critically ill dogs and associated with a variety of nonpancreatic conditions and negative outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Prümmer
- Emergency and Critical Care Group, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Judith Howard
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lisa M Grandt
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Obrador de Aguilar
- Emergency and Critical Care Group, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Felix Meneses
- Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laureen M Peters
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Purzycka K, Peters LM, Elliott J, Lamb CR, Priestnall SL, Hardas A, Johnston CA, Rodriguez-Piza I. Histiocytic sarcoma in miniature schnauzers: 30 cases. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:338-345. [PMID: 32323304 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarise the clinical presentation and outcomes in a series of miniature schnauzers diagnosed with histiocytic sarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective review of medical records of miniature schnauzers diagnosed with histiocytic sarcoma between 2008 and 2019 at two referral centres in the UK. Signalment, clinical signs at initial presentation, imaging results and clinico- and histopathological findings, treatment type and outcome were recorded. Progression-free survival and overall survival time were calculated. RESULTS Thirty dogs were included. Twenty-four of 29 dogs undergoing imaging of the thorax had lung and/or mediastinal involvement. The median overall survival time for dogs that were not euthanased within 3 days of diagnosis was 117 days (range 10 to 790). Three dogs underwent surgery; 13 received treatment with lomustine as a sole therapy - with partial responses documented on imaging in five of six dogs and 11 of 13 showing clinical improvement. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Histiocytic sarcoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for miniature schnauzers with pulmonary masses. Although responses to treatment were common, they were usually short-lived because of the aggressive nature of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Purzycka
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, UK
| | - L M Peters
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK
| | - J Elliott
- North Carolina State University, Department of Radiation Oncology, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - C R Lamb
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, UK
| | - S L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK
| | - A Hardas
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Winchester, UK
| | - C A Johnston
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, UK
| | - I Rodriguez-Piza
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Veterinari Glòries, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Purzycka K, Peters LM, Desmas I, Davies O, Chang YM, Lara-Garcia A. Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors for canine multicentric non-indolent T-cell lymphoma: 107 cases. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:656-663. [PMID: 32163214 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Canine lymphoma, as the most common haematopoietic malignancy, encompasses a group of heterogeneous diseases and even within the T-cell immunophenotype, differences in clinical presentation and responses to treatment exist. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine outcomes and prognostic factors of 107 dogs with multicentric non-indolent T-cell lymphoma (TCL) receiving lomustine-based (70%) and non-lomustine-based (30%) treatment. The majority were Labradors, Boxers, mixed-breed dogs and Dogue de Bordeaux. Eighty-six percent were substage b, 77% had mediastinal involvement, 15% had suspected bone marrow involvement and 12% had other extra-nodal sites of disease. The overall response rate to induction therapy was 80%; dogs receiving procarbazine in the induction protocol (P = .042), dogs with neutrophil concentration below 8.7 × 10e9 /L (P = .006) and mitotic rate below 10 per 5 high power field (P = .013), had greater response rates. Median progression-free survival (PFS) for the first remission was 105 days; lack of expression of CD3 on flow cytometry (P < .0001) and pretreatment with steroid (P = .012) were significantly associated with shorter PFS. Median overall survival time (OST) was 136 days; co-expression of CD79a (P = .002), lack of CD3 expression on flow cytometry, presence of anaemia (P = .007), and monocytopenia (P = .002) were predictive of shorter OST. Multicentric non-indolent TCL in dogs is an aggressive cancer with new possible prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Purzycka
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, UK.,Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Winchester, UK
| | - Laureen M Peters
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, UK
| | | | | | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Research Support Office, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Ana Lara-Garcia
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, UK
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15
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Wu Y, Chang YM, Polton G, Stell AJ, Szladovits B, Macfarlane M, Peters LM, Priestnall SL, Bacon NJ, Kow K, Stewart S, Sharma E, Goulart MR, Gribben J, Xia D, Garden OA. Gene Expression Profiling of B Cell Lymphoma in Dogs Reveals Dichotomous Metabolic Signatures Distinguished by Oxidative Phosphorylation. Front Oncol 2020; 10:307. [PMID: 32211332 PMCID: PMC7069556 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression profiling has revealed molecular heterogeneity of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in both humans and dogs. Two DLBCL subtypes based on cell of origin are generally recognized, germinal center B (GCB)-like and activated B cell (ABC)-like. A pilot study to characterize the transcriptomic phenotype of 11 dogs with multicentric BCL yielded two molecular subtypes distinguished on the basis of genes important in oxidative phosphorylation. We propose a metabolic classification of canine BCL that transcends cell of origin and shows parallels to a similar molecular phenotype in human DLBCL. We thus confirm the validity of this classification scheme across widely divergent mammalian taxa and add to the growing body of literature suggesting cellular and molecular similarities between human and canine non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Our data support a One Health approach to the study of DLBCL, including the advancement of novel therapies of relevance to both canine and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Polton
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kelvin Kow
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eshita Sharma
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - John Gribben
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dong Xia
- Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver A. Garden
- Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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16
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Jayson S, Masters N, Strike T, Rendle M, Sparrow S, Peters LM, Bates N. Successful management of Heinz body hemolytic anemia associated with leek (Allium ampeloprasum) ingestion in a South American coati (Nasua nasua). J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2019; 30:86-91. [PMID: 31854068 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the diagnosis, management, and outcome of Heinz body hemolytic anemia in a South American coati (Nasua nasua) secondary to suspected leek (Allium ampeloprasum) toxicosis. CASE SUMMARY A South American coati presented with Heinz body hemolytic anemia following addition of leeks to its diet for 2-5 days prior to initial presentation. Administration of a whole blood transfusion from an animal of the same species (conspecific) and supportive care resulted in immediate improvement in clinical signs. Normal behavior fully returned within 6 days of transfusion. Hematological evidence of anemia resolved by 4 weeks and there were no significant features of oxidative injury present by 8 weeks following initial presentation. NEW INFORMATION PROVIDED This is the first reported case of Heinz body hemolytic anemia, suspected leek toxicosis, and administration of a blood transfusion in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Jayson
- Veterinary Department, ZSL London Zoo, London, UK.,Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Nic Masters
- Veterinary Department, ZSL London Zoo, London, UK
| | - Taina Strike
- Veterinary Department, ZSL London Zoo, London, UK
| | | | | | - Laureen M Peters
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Bates
- Veterinary Poisons Information Service, London, UK
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17
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Tombácz K, Peters LM, Chang YM, Steele M, Werling D, Gibson AJ. Short communication: Pegbovigrastim treatment in vivo does not affect granulocyte ability to migrate to endometrial cells and kill bacteria in vitro in healthy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9389-9395. [PMID: 31326166 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In periparturient dairy cows, immune suppression, resulting in decreased neutrophil numbers and function, leads to increased susceptibility to postpartum conditions such as mastitis, retained placenta, and metritis. Administration of polyethylene glycol-conjugated bovine granulocyte colony stimulating factor (pegbovigrastim, Imrestor; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) 7 d before and within 24 h of calving, effectively improves granulocyte production and function in vivo as well as in milk. A recently developed coculture assay was adapted for use with endometrial epithelial cells to assess the effects of pegbovigrastim application on directed granulocyte migration and bactericidal activity in vitro on a per-cell basis in endometrial cell cultures. Granulocytes from treated and untreated periparturient cows (6 and 5 per group, respectively) were evaluated for their ability to migrate to and kill bacteria after treatment, in context of the infected endometrium. We hypothesized that in addition to increasing the absolute concentration of circulating neutrophil granulocytes, pegbovigrastim treatment in vivo alters the ability of granulocytes to migrate to endometrial cells in vitro. The results clearly show a marked increase in the total concentration of granulocytes and monocytes between the 2 treatment groups as early as 2 d after the first injection, and this increased between the samples taken 2 d after calving. No migratory or killing differences were identified between granulocytes of both groups, suggesting that pegbovigrastim-induced granulocytes were as effective as non-induced cells. This may also be due to the absence of negative energy balance in the study animals and leads us to conclude that the positive effects seen in vivo are most likely based on the larger number of granulocytes present rather than a direct effect of pegbovigrastim treatment on the functionality of cells for the parameters tested in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tombácz
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - L M Peters
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Y-M Chang
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - M Steele
- Elanco Animal Health, Eli Lilly and Company Ltd., Basingstoke, RG24 9NL, United Kingdom
| | - D Werling
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom.
| | - A J Gibson
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
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18
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Attipa C, Beck S, Lipscomb V, English K, Carvalho S, Kiupel M, Szladovits B, Peters LM. Aldosterone-producing adrenocortical carcinoma with myxoid differentiation in a cat. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:660-664. [PMID: 30240029 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A 10-year-old male neutered Persian cat was presented with an abdominal mass and history of weakness. Blood smear examination found marked elliptocytosis, and serum biochemical analysis revealed hypokalemia, hypochloremia, increased creatine kinase activity, and a high aldosterone concentration. Cytologic examination of the mass revealed neoplastic endocrine cells with moderate criteria of malignancy, favoring adrenocortical neoplasia. The adrenal mass was surgically excised and histologically characterized by lobules of mildly pleomorphic, polygonal neoplastic cells with moderate to abundant, occasionally granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm. Lobules were separated by fine fibrovascular trabeculae, and numerous cystic cavities containing amorphous eosinophilic material that stained positive with Alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff were seen. Neoplastic cells were multifocally positive for cytochrome P450 aldosterone synthase. Based on clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical findings the present case was diagnosed as an aldosterone-producing adrenocortical carcinoma with myxoid differentiation. While this entity has not been reported in cats, myxoid differentiation of adrenocortical carcinomas has been found in other species and can pose a major diagnostic challenge on microscopic examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Attipa
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Samuel Beck
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Victoria Lipscomb
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Kate English
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Sofia Carvalho
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Balázs Szladovits
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Laureen M Peters
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
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19
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Gibbons N, Goulart MR, Chang YM, Efstathiou K, Purcell R, Wu Y, Peters LM, Turmaine M, Szladovits B, Garden OA. Phenotypic heterogeneity of peripheral monocytes in healthy dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 190:26-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Cardy TJ, Lam R, Peters LM, McLaren PJ, Matas Riera M, De Decker S. Successful medical management of a domestic longhair cat with subdural intracranial empyema and multifocal pneumonia. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2017; 27:238-242. [PMID: 28079960 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J.A. Cardy
- Departments of Clinical Science and Services
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms Hertfordshire United Kingdom
| | - Richard Lam
- Departments of Clinical Science and Services
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms Hertfordshire United Kingdom
| | - Laureen M. Peters
- Pathology and Pathogen Biology
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms Hertfordshire United Kingdom
| | - Philippa J. McLaren
- Pathology and Pathogen Biology
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms Hertfordshire United Kingdom
| | - Màrian Matas Riera
- Departments of Clinical Science and Services
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms Hertfordshire United Kingdom
| | - Steven De Decker
- Departments of Clinical Science and Services
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms Hertfordshire United Kingdom
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21
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Peters LM, Glanemann B, Garden OA, Szladovits B. Cytological Findings of 140 Bile Samples from Dogs and Cats and Associated Clinical Pathological Data. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 30:123-31. [PMID: 26566964 PMCID: PMC4913648 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholecystocentesis can be part of the diagnostic workup of hepatobiliary disease in small animals, but literature on cytological evaluation of bile is scant. Objectives To determine the diagnostic utility of cytological assessment of bile aspirates. Animals Fifty‐six and 78 client‐owned dogs and cats, respectively, with bile collected by cholecystocentesis and submitted to our diagnostic laboratory between 1999 and 2014. Methods Retrospective study describing cytological findings of bile, concurrent bacterial culture results, hematological and serum biochemical data, gallbladder biopsy results, as well as final diagnosis and complications after cholecystocentesis. Results Infectious agents were found in 30% of canine and 22% of feline bile aspirates, and inflammation in 5% and 19% respectively. Presence of microorganisms was more often detected on cytological examination (24%) than by culture (21%). The most common bacterial isolates were Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp., isolated from 14.8% and 6.7% of cultured samples respectively. Only increased canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity concentration (cPLI) was significantly associated with the presence of microorganisms, inflammatory cells, or both in bile. Clinically relevant complications of cholecystocentesis occurred in 2 dogs. The majority of the animals undergoing cholecystocentesis suffered from hepatic, pancreatic, gastrointestinal disease, or a combination thereof. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Cytological examination of bile is inexpensive and straightforward, and yields diagnostically relevant information that precedes and complements bacterial culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Peters
- Departments of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - B Glanemann
- Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - O A Garden
- Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - B Szladovits
- Departments of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
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Peters LM, Fridell RA, Boger ET, San Agustin TB, Madeo AC, Griffith AJ, Friedman TB, Morell RJ. A locus for autosomal dominant progressive non-syndromic hearing loss, DFNA27, is on chromosome 4q12-13.1. Clin Genet 2008; 73:367-72. [PMID: 18279434 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2008.00966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We ascertained a large North American family, LMG2, segregating progressive, non-syndromic, sensorineural hearing loss. A genome-wide scan identified significant evidence for linkage (maximum logarithm of the odds (LOD) score = 4.67 at theta = 0 for D4S398) to markers in a 5.7-cM interval on chromosome 4q12-13.1. The DFNA27 interval spans 8.85 Mb and includes at least 61 predicted and 8 known genes. We sequenced eight genes and excluded them as candidates for the DFNA27 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Peters
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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23
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Lamster IB, Holmes LG, Gross KB, Oshrain RL, Cohen DW, Rose LF, Peters LM, Pope MR. The relationship of beta-glucuronidase activity in crevicular fluid to probing attachment loss in patients with adult periodontitis. Findings from a multicenter study. J Clin Periodontol 1995; 22:36-44. [PMID: 7706537 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1995.tb01768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) offers a non-invasive means of studying the host response in periodontal disease, and may provide an early indication of the patient at risk for active periodontitis. A number of host markers have been studied for their relationship to disease activity (probing attachment loss or PAL). GCF levels of the acid glycohydrolase beta-glucuronidase (beta G), a marker of primary granule release from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), have been shown to identify patients with periodontitis at risk for additional PAL. In this multicenter trial, we evaluated (a) the short-term effect of conservative periodontal therapy on beta G activity in GCF, and (b) the relationship of persistently elevated beta G activity to PAL in patients who were monitored for 6 months. The study population included a total of 140 patients with chronic adult periodontitis. 130 patients were on a regular recall schedule, and 10 were previously untreated. After collection of baseline clinical data at all sites, and analysis of beta G in GCF from one site (mesiobuccal) per tooth, the patients received a scaling and prophylaxis. Two weeks later patients were seen for collection of GCF. If elevated enzyme activity was found at 2 weeks, the patients were seen at 3 months for a clinical exam and GCF collection. Clinical parameters were collected from all patients at 6 months. Therapy tended to reduce beta G activity in GCF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Lamster
- Division of Periodontics, Columbia University School of Dental and Oral Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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24
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Lamster IB, Holmes LG, Gross KB, Oshrain RL, Cohen DW, Rose LF, Peters LM, Pope MR. The relationship of beta-glucuronidase activity in crevicular fluid to clinical parameters of periodontal disease. Findings from a multicenter study. J Clin Periodontol 1994; 21:118-27. [PMID: 8144731 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1994.tb00289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports have suggested that persistently elevated levels of the acidic glycohydrolase beta-glucuronidase (beta G) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) can identify patients with chronic adult periodontitis who are at risk for future probing attachment loss (PAL). To comprehensively study beta G activity in GCF, a multicenter trial examining the relationship of the enzyme in GCF to traditional clinical parameters of periodontal disease and PAL was conducted. In this report, the baseline data was used to evaluate the relationship of beta G activity in GCF to traditional parameters of periodontal disease. The study group included 130 patients who had been treated for periodontal disease and were on a regular recall schedule, and 10 patients with chronic adult periodontitis who had never received treatment. Upon entering the longitudinal trial, the patients were examined, and a standardized 30-s GCF sample was collected from the mesiobuccal crevice of all study teeth. As a control, GCF samples and clinical data were collected from 62 patients with a healthy periodontium or mild inflammatory gingivitis without loss of probing attachment. At baseline, beta G activity for the periodontitis patients ranged from 0 to 1704 Units (U), with a median of 32 U. beta G could not be detected in 0.2% of samples (activity < or = 2.0 U). The 90% cumulative relative frequency was 139 U. For the healthy/gingivitis subjects beta G activity ranged from 0 to 504 U, with a median of 22 U. Enzyme was not detectable in 0.4% of samples. Only 0.9% of samples contained greater than 139 U. beta G activity in GCF was not related to gender or age. For the periodontitis patients, elevated enzyme activity (> or = 140 U) was most often associated with molar teeth, followed by maxillary bicuspids. Maxillary central incisors, and mandibular central and lateral incisors displayed the lowest frequency of elevated enzyme activity. The relationship of beta G activity to the traditional parameters of probing depth and bleeding on probing was assessed. For shallow sites (1.0-1.5 mm, 2.0-2.5 mm probing depth), the large majority of GCF samples contained low enzyme activity (90% of samples < 50 U). Descriptive indicators demonstrated a trend of increased beta G activity with increased probing depth. The median beta G activity shifted from 15 U for the shallowest sites (1.0-1.5 mm) to 127 U for the deepest sites (5-8 mm). However, this was due to a broadening of the distribution rather than representing a shift in the distribution profile.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Lamster
- Division of Periodontics, Columbia University School of Dental and Oral Surgery, New York, New York
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25
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Prosnitz LR, Curtis AM, Knowlton AH, Peters LM, Farber LR. Supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease: significance of large mediastinal masses. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1980; 6:809-13. [PMID: 7204117 DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(80)90316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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26
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Habeck EA, Peters LM. Evisceration of bowel through the vagina following irradiation for cervical carcinoma. Report of first known case. Wis Med J 1968; 67:374-5. [PMID: 5670983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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