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Burns J, Rivers P, LeClair LB, Jovel KS, Rai RP, Lowe AA, Edwards LJ, Khan SM, Mathenge C, Ferraris M, Kuntz JL, Lamberte JM, Hegmann KT, Odean MJ, McLeland-Wieser H, Beitel S, Odame-Bamfo L, Schaefer Solle N, Mak J, Phillips AL, Sokol BE, Hollister J, Ochoa JS, Grant L, Thiese MS, Jacoby KB, Lutrick K, Pubillones FA, Yoo YM, Rentz Hunt D, Ellingson K, Berry MC, Gerald JK, Lopez J, Gerald LB, Wesley MG, Krupp K, Herring MK, Madhivanan P, Caban-Martinez AJ, Tyner HL, Meece JK, Yoon SK, Fowlkes AL, Naleway AL, Gwynn L, Burgess JL, Thompson MG, Olsho LE, Gaglani M. Pediatric Research Observing Trends and Exposures in COVID-19 Timelines (PROTECT): Protocol for a Multisite Longitudinal Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e37929. [PMID: 35635842 PMCID: PMC9377426 DOI: 10.2196/37929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing the real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines and understanding the incidence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 illness in children are essential to inform policy and guide health care professionals in advising parents and caregivers of children who test positive for SARS-CoV-2. OBJECTIVE This report describes the objectives and methods for conducting the Pediatric Research Observing Trends and Exposures in COVID-19 Timelines (PROTECT) study. PROTECT is a longitudinal prospective pediatric cohort study designed to estimate SARS-CoV-2 incidence and COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against infection among children aged 6 months to 17 years, as well as differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine response between children and adolescents. METHODS The PROTECT multisite network was initiated in July 2021, which aims to enroll approximately 2305 children across four US locations and collect data over a 2-year surveillance period. The enrollment target was based on prospective power calculations and accounts for expected attrition and nonresponse. Study sites recruit parents and legal guardians of age-eligible children participating in the existing Arizona Healthcare, Emergency Response, and Other Essential Workers Surveillance (HEROES)-Research on the Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Essential Response Personnel (RECOVER) network as well as from surrounding communities. Child demographics, medical history, COVID-19 exposure, vaccination history, and parents/legal guardians' knowledge and attitudes about COVID-19 are collected at baseline and throughout the study. Mid-turbinate nasal specimens are self-collected or collected by parents/legal guardians weekly, regardless of symptoms, for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza testing via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, and the presence of COVID-like illness (CLI) is reported. Children who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 or influenza, or report CLI are monitored weekly by online surveys to report exposure and medical utilization until no longer ill. Children, with permission of their parents/legal guardians, may elect to contribute blood at enrollment, following SARS-CoV-2 infection, following COVID-19 vaccination, and at the end of the study period. PROTECT uses electronic medical record (EMR) linkages where available, and verifies COVID-19 and influenza vaccinations through EMR or state vaccine registries. RESULTS Data collection began in July 2021 and is expected to continue through the spring of 2023. As of April 13, 2022, 2371 children are enrolled in PROTECT. Enrollment is ongoing at all study sites. CONCLUSIONS As COVID-19 vaccine products are authorized for use in pediatric populations, PROTECT study data will provide real-world estimates of VE in preventing infection. In addition, this prospective cohort provides a unique opportunity to further understand SARS-CoV-2 incidence, clinical course, and key knowledge gaps that may inform public health. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/37929.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Burns
- Abt Associates, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Patrick Rivers
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Krystal S Jovel
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Ashley A Lowe
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Sana M Khan
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Clare Mathenge
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Maria Ferraris
- Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jennifer L Kuntz
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Julie Mayo Lamberte
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kurt T Hegmann
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Marilyn J Odean
- St. Luke's Regional Health Care System, Duluth, MN, United States
- Whiteside Institute for Clinical Research, St. Luke's, Duluth, MN, United States
| | | | - Shawn Beitel
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Leah Odame-Bamfo
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, TX, United States
| | | | - Josephine Mak
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Andrew L Phillips
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | - James Hollister
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jezahel S Ochoa
- Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Lauren Grant
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Matthew S Thiese
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | - Karen Lutrick
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Felipe A Pubillones
- Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Young M Yoo
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Katherine Ellingson
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Joe K Gerald
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Lynn B Gerald
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Karl Krupp
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Purnima Madhivanan
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Harmony L Tyner
- St. Luke's Regional Health Care System, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Jennifer K Meece
- Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, United States
| | - Sarang K Yoon
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ashley L Fowlkes
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Allison L Naleway
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Lisa Gwynn
- Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jefferey L Burgess
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Mark G Thompson
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Manjusha Gaglani
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, TX, United States
- Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, United States
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