Endovascular balloon usage in endoscopic third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus during a national shortage: case series and technical note

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a well-established surgical technique for treating hydrocephalus. Many providers have transitioned to utilizing the specialized Neuroballoon for the stoma dilation in ETV; however, these devices are intermittently unavailable during supply chain shortages. We present the experience of employing cardiac angioplasty and neurovascular balloons as substitutes for the Neuroballoon in 3 patients. The scepter balloon (Microvention), priced at $1800 compared to the standard $300 Neuroballoon (Integra), proved effective, but its pliability presented technical challenges. The substantial cost differential compared to a Neuroballoon ($300) raises economic considerations. The Cardiac TREK balloon (Abbott) was similarly effective, while also being easier to manage endoscopically and cheaper at $158. These experiences support the viability of non-neuroendoscopic specialized balloons as alternatives for ETV dilation of the floor of tuber cinereum.

Prospective, open-label, and observational study of cetuximab for metastatic colorectal carcinoma: The OPTIM1SE study

AIM

The OPTIM1SE study observed long-term real-world outcomes of cetuximab-based infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) regimens for first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) across Asia-Pacific and Middle East regions, aiming to characterize their use, effectiveness, and safety in routine practice.

METHODS

OPTIM1SE was a prospective, open-label, observational study. Patients with untreated KRAS wild-type mCRC and distant metastases were treated per locally approved labels and monitored for 3 years via electronic medical records. The primary endpoint was the overall response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included safety, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

RESULTS

From November 19, 2013, to June 30, 2016, 520 patients were enrolled in 51 sites. Patients were mostly male (61.2%), with a mean age of 58.5 (±12.0) years; 420 patients received leucovorin, 5-FU, and irinotecan-based regimens and 94 received leucovorin, 5-FU, and oxaliplatin. The most common primary tumor site was the rectum (38.8%), with liver metastases (65.0%). ORR was 45.4% (95% CI, 41.1%-49.7%), including 26 patients (5.0%) with a complete response. Median PFS was 9.9 months (95% CI, 8.2-11.0); median OS (mOS) was 30.8 months (95% CI, 27.9-33.6). Higher mOS was associated with tumors of left compared with right-sided origin (hazard ratio, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.49-0.99]); higher ORR was also associated with liver metastases compared with all other metastases (55.4% vs. 40.2%). Adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of cetuximab.

CONCLUSION

Cetuximab-based 5-FU regimens were effective first-line treatments for mCRC in routine practice, particularly in patients with left-sided disease and liver metastases only.

Acetylcholinesterase inhibition studies of alkaloid components from Crinum asiaticum var. sinicum: in vitro assessments by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations

Alkaloids are among the most important and best-known secondary metabolites as sources of new drugs from medicinal plants and marine organisms. A phytochemical investigation of the whole plant of Crinum asiaticum var. sinicum resulted in the isolation of seven alkaloids (1-7), including one new dimeric compound, bis-(-)-8-demethylmaritidine (1). Their structures were elucidated using NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The absolute configuration of new compound 1 was established by circular dichroism spectroscopy. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in vitro. Among them, compound 1 exhibited the most potent AChE inhibition. Moreover, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out for the most active compound to investigate their binding interactions and dynamics behavior of the AChE protein-ligand complex. Therefore, compound 1 may be a potential candidate for effectively treating Alzheimer's disease.

Undescribed 2,9-deoxyflavonoids and flavonol-diamide [3+2] adduct from the leaves of Aglaia odorata Lour. Inhibit nitric oxide production

Phytochemical study on the methanol extract of Aglaia odorata leaves resulted in the isolation of four previously undescribed compounds, including three 2,9-deoxyflavonoids and one flavonol-diamide [3 + 2] adduct, and 13 known compounds. The chemical structures of the four undescribed compounds were elucidated on the basis of their IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and ECD spectra. The results revealed an unprecedented 2,9-deoxyflavonoid framework, which was confirmed by TD-DFT, ECD, and GIAO 13C-NMR calculations using sorted training set methods. The 17 compounds were examined for their ability to inhibit NO production activity in cultured lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 cells with aglaodoratas A-C, odorine, and epi-odorine inhibiting NO production, with IC50 values in the range of 16.2-24.3 μM. The other investigated compounds had either weak or no activity.

New nitric oxide production inhibitors from Syzygium bullockii

Three undescribed triterpene glycosides syzybullosides A-C (1-3) along with fourteen known compounds were isolated from the leaves of Syzygium bullockii (Hance) Merr.& L.M. Perry, including six triterpene glycosides (1-6), four phenolics (7-9, 17), four megastigmanes (10-13), and three flavonoids (14-16). The structures of 1-17 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Compounds 1-10 and 12-17 inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide activated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values ranging from 1.30 to 13.70 µM, lower than that of the positive control compound, L-NMMA (IC50 = 33.8 µM).

Undescribed Phenolic Glycosides from Syzygium attopeuense and Their Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Production

Four undescribed phenolic glycosides including three stilbene derivatives (1 and 3) and sodium salt of 3 (2), and a chalcone glycoside (4), together with thirteen known compounds (5-17) were isolated from the leaves of Syzygium attopeuense (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry. Their chemical structures were elucidated to be (Z)-gaylussacin (1), 6''-O-galloylgaylussacin sodium salt (2), 6''-O-galloylgaylussacin (3), 4'-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-glucopyranosyl]oxy-2'-hydroxy-6'-methoxydihydrochalcone (4), gaylussacin (5), pinosilvin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), myricetin-3-O-(2''-O-galloyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (7), myricetin-3-O-(3''-O-galloyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (8), myricetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (9), quercitrin (10), myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), myricetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (12), quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (13), myricetin-3-O-2''-O-galloyl)-α-L-arabinopyranoside (14), (+)-gallocatechin (15), (-)-epigallocatechin (16), and 3,3',4'-trimethoxyellagic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (17) by the analysis of HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra in comparison with the previously reported data. Compounds 1-3, 5, and 6 significant inhibition of NO production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells, with IC50 values ranging from 18.37±1.38 to 35.12±2.53 μM, compared to a positive control (dexamethasone) with an IC50 value of 15.37±1.42 μM.

Pre-operative Factors Predicting Mortality in Six Months and Functional Recovery in Elderly Patients with Hip Fractures

Introduction

This study aimed to determine on-admission and perioperative factors predicting six-month mortality and functional recovery in Vietnamese patients with hip fracture.

Materials and methods

Between April 2020 and July 2021, 118 patients participated in this prospective study. Patients' data were collected from medical records. Harris hip score (HHS) was used to evaluate the functional recovery six months after fractures. The obtained data were analysed using a univariate and multivariate model.

Results

The mean age of the participants was 79.5±9.4 years and 68.6% of the patients were female. The six-month mortality rate was 5.9% and independently associated with age (odds ratio (OR): 3.512, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.538 - 8.019; P<0.001, patients aged >80 years vs those aged ≤80 years) and hypoproteinemia (OR: 2.859, 95% CI: 1.001 - 8.166, P=0.049). Among 111 survivors there were 66 (59.5%) of patients with a good functional recovery. Patients aged >80 years had a higher risk of poor functional outcome (OR: 3.167, 95% CI: 1.386 - 7.235, P: 0.006) compared to those aged ≤ 80 years. No significant correlations between other clinical (gender, body mass index, comorbidities, type of fractures or surgery, time until surgery) or laboratory parameters (anaemia, hyperglycemia, marked elevation of C reactive protein level, electrolyte abnormalities, elevated urea) and mortality or functional outcome were found.

Conclusion

Advanced age is the most important factor affecting both mortality and functional outcome while hypoproteinemia is associated with a higher risk of mortality in elderly patients with hip fractures.

New Isopropyl Chromone and Flavanone Glucoside Compounds from the Leaves of Syzygium cerasiforme (Blume) Merr. & L.M.Perry and Their Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Production

A new isopropyl chromone (1) and a new flavanone glucoside (2) together with eleven known compounds (3-13) were isolated from the leaves of Syzygium cerasiforme (Blume) Merr. & L.M.Perry. Their structures were elucidated as 5,7-dihydroxy-2-isopropyl-6,8-dimethyl-4H-chromen-4-one (1), 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone 7-O-β-D-(6''-O-galloylglucopyranoside) (2), strobopinin (3), demethoxymatteucinol (4), pinocembrin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), (2S)-hydroxynaringenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), afzelin (7), quercetin (8), kaplanin (9), endoperoxide G3 (10), grasshopper (11), vomifoliol (12), litseagermacrane (13) by the analysis of HR-ESI-MS, NMR, and CD spectral data. Compounds 1, 2, 5, 6 and 10 inhibited NO production on LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values of 12.28±1.15, 8.52±1.62, 7.68±0.87, 9.67±0.57, and 6.69±0.34 μM, respectively, while the IC50 values of the other compounds ranging from 33.38±0.78 to 86.51±2.98 μM, compared to that of the positive control, NG -monomethyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA) with an IC50 value of 32.50±1.00 μM.

Pharmacological Properties, Volatile Organic Compounds, and Genome Sequences of Bacterial Endophytes from the Mangrove Plant Rhizophora apiculata Blume

Mangrove plant endophytic bacteria are prolific sources of bioactive secondary metabolites. In the present study, twenty-three endophytic bacteria were isolated from the fresh roots of the mangrove plant Rhizophora apiculata. The identification of isolates by 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolated endophytic bacteria belonged to nine genera, including Streptomyces, Bacillus, Pseudovibrio, Microbacterium, Brevibacterium, Microbulbifer, Micrococcus, Rossellomorea, and Paracoccus. The ethyl acetate extracts of the endophytic bacteria’s pharmacological properties were evaluated in vitro, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, and cytotoxic activities. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of three high bioactive strains Bacillus sp. RAR_GA_16, Rossellomorea vietnamensis RAR_WA_32, and Bacillus sp. RAR_M1_44 identified major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in their ethyl acetate extracts. Genome analyses identified biosynthesis gene clusters (BGCs) of secondary metabolites of the bacterial endophytes. The obtained results reveal that the endophytic bacteria from R. apiculata may be a potential source of pharmacological secondary metabolites, and further investigations of the high bioactive strains—such as fermentation and isolation of pure bioactive compounds, and heterologous expression of novel BGCs in appropriate expression hosts—may allow exploring and exploiting the promising bioactive compounds for future drug development.

Intercomparison of Geant4 low energy electromagnetic models in 90Y dosimetry

This work shows the comparison between Geant4 low energy electromagnetic physics lists G4EmLi-vermorePhysics, G4EmPenelopePhysics, G4EmLowEPPhysics, and G4EmDNAPhysics_option2 when simulating the energy deposition of low mono-energetic electrons and β^- emitted from ⁹⁰Y isotope. The simulation time and influence of production cut were considered. In the sense of balance between the accuracy and computer resource, G4EmPenelopePhysics can be proposed as the best physics model for our future Treatment Planning System (TPS) for treating liver cancer using ⁹⁰Y microsphere radioembolization therapy.

A new steroidal saponin from the aerial parts of Solanum torvum

A new steroidal saponin, torvoside R (1), was isolated along with torvoside Q (2) and macaoside (3) from dichloromethane soluble-portion of the aerial parts of Solanum torvum. Their chemical structures were elucidated using HRESIMS, 1 D- and 2 D-NMR as well as comparison with those reported in the literature. All isolated compounds (1 - 3) exhibited cytotoxicity against SK-LU-1, HepG2, MCF-7, and T24 cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 14.18 to 89.31 µg/mL.

Cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of secondary metabolites from Ophiorrhiza baviensis growing in Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam

A new ursane-type triterpene, 3β,23,24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (1), together with eight known compounds (2-9) were isolated from the aerial parts of Ophiorrhiza baviensis. Among them, compounds 2-5 were found for the first time from the genus Ophiorrhiza, while compounds 6-9 were reported from O. baviensis for the first time. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of HR-ESI-MS and NMR (¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, HSQC, and HMBC) spectra, as well as comparison with those reported in the literature. Moreover, all isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against MCF-7, Hela, KB, A549, and SK-LU-1 cancer cell lines and their effects on LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells. This is the first report of chemical constituents and biological activities of O. baviensis.

Unusual thermolysis of aza-cyclic allene under microwave conditions: crystal structure of (3RS,3aSR,8RS,8aRS)-methyl 5,6-dimeth-oxy-3a,10-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3,3a,8,8a-tetra-hydro-3,8-(epimino-methano)-cyclo-penta-[a]indene-2-carboxyl-ate from synchrotron X-ray diffraction

The structure of methyl 5,6-dimeth­oxy-3a,10-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3,3a,8,8a-tetra­hydro-3,8-(epimino­methano)­cyclo­penta­[a]indene-2-carboxyl­ate, the product of unusual thermolysis of aza­cyclic allene under microvawe conditions, was studied by synchrotron X-ray diffraction.

The title compound, C₂₅H₂₇NO₄ (I), the product of the unusual thermolysis of aza­cyclic allene methyl 10,11-dimeth­oxy-3,8-dimethyl-6-phenyl-3-aza­benzo[d]cyclo­deca-4,6,7-triene-5-carboxyl­ate, represents a bicyclic heterosystem and crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with three crystallographically independent mol­ecules in the unit cell. These independent mol­ecules adopt very similar geometries and differ only in the conformations of the two meth­oxy substituents on the benzene ring. In two of the three independent mol­ecules, both meth­oxy groups are almost coplanar with the benzene ring [the C—C—O—Me torsion angles are 10.8 (2), 12.3 (2), 9.1 (2) and 13.6 (3)°], whereas in the third mol­ecule, one of the meth­oxy groups is practically coplanar to and the other meth­oxy group is roughly perpendicular to the benzene ring, the C—C—O—Me torsion angles being 14.1 (2) and 76.5 (2)°. The mol­ecule of (I) comprises a fused tetra­cyclic system containing two five-membered rings (cyclo­pentenes) and two six-membered rings (piperidine and benzene). The five-membered rings have the usual envelope conformation, with the methyl-subsituted C atom as the flap in each molecule, and the six-membered piperidine ring has a chair conformation. The methyl substituent at the N atom occupies the sterically favourable equatorial position. The carboxyl­ate group lies almost within the basal plane of the parent cyclo­pentene ring [making dihedral angle of 11.68 (8), 18.94 (9) and 15.16 (9)° in the three independent mol­ecules], while the phenyl substituent is twisted by 48.26 (6), 42.04 (6) and 41.28 (6)° (for the three independent mol­ecules) relative to this plane. In the crystal, mol­ecules of (I) form stacks along the b-axis direction. The mol­ecules are arranged at van der Waals distances.

A new approach to alkaloid-like systems: synthesis and crystal structure of 1-(2-acetyl-11-meth-oxy-5,6-di-hydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]pyrrolo-[2,1-a]isoquinolin-1-yl)propan-2-one

The title compound, C₁₉H₁₉NO₅, (I), is the product of a domino reaction between cotarnine chloride and acetyl-acetylene catalysed by copper(I) iodide. The mol-ecule of (I) comprises a fused tetra-cyclic system containing two terminal five-membered rings (pyrrole and 1,3-dioxole) and two central six-membered rings (di-hydro-pyridine and benzene). The five-membered 1,3-dioxole ring has an envelope conformation and the central six-membered di-hydro-pyridine ring adopts a twist-boat conformation. The acyl substituent is almost coplanar with the pyrrole ring, whereas the meth-oxy substituent is twisted by 27.93 (16)° relative to the benzene ring. The 2-oxopropan-1-yl substituent is roughly perpendicular to the pyrrole ring. In the crystal, mol-ecules are stacked along the a-axis direction; the stacks are linked by weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into puckered layers lying parallel to (001).

Crystal structure of (1RS,21SR,22RS,24SR)-28-oxo-24-propyl-8,11,14-trioxa-24,27-diazapentacyclo[19.5.1.122,26.02,7.015,20]octacosa-2,4,6,15(20),16,18-hexaene acetic acid monosolvate

The crystal structure of a product of the Petrenko–Kritchenko condensation of N-propyl­piperidone with 1,5-bis­(2-formyl­phen­oxy)-3-oxa­pentane and ammonium acetate was studied by X-ray diffraction

The title compound, C₂₆H₃₂N₂O₄(M)·C₂H₄O₂, (I), is the product of the Petrenko–Kritchenko condensation of N-propyl­piperidinone with 1,5-bis­(2-formyl­phen­oxy)-3-oxa­pentane and ammonium acetate. In M, the aza-14-crown-3-ether ring adopts a bowl conformation, with the configuration of the C—O—C—C —O—C—C—O—C polyether chain being t–g⁽⁻⁾–t–t–g⁽⁺⁾–t (t = trans, 180°; g = gauche, ±60°). The dihedral angle between the planes of the benzene rings fused to the aza-14-crown-4-ether moiety is 62.75 (5)°. The central piperidinone ring has a boat conformation, whereas the terminal piperidinone ring adopts a chair conformation. The boat conformation of the central piperidinone ring is supported by the bifurcated intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, each solvent mol­ecule is linked to mol­ecule M via strong O—H⋯N hydrogen bonding, forming hydrogen-bonded pairs of mol­ecules, which further inter­act through weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the ac plane.

Crystal structure of 26-(4-methyl-phen-yl)-8,11,14,17-tetra-oxa-28-aza-tetra-cyclo[22.3.1.0(2,7).0(18,23)]hexa-cosa-2,4,6,18(23),19,21,24(1),25,27-nona-ene

The title compound is the product of the Chichibabin domino reaction of 1,8-bis­(2-acetyl­phen­oxy)-3,6-dioxa­octane with 4-methyl­benzaldehyde and ammonium acetate in acetic acid. It is of inter­est with respect to its potential anti­cancer activity. The compound has a bowl-like conformation comprising a fused tetra­cyclic system containing a 4-aryl­pyridine fragment, two benzene rings and an aza-17-crown-5 ether moiety.

The title compound, C₃₀H₂₉NO₄, is a tetra­cyclic system containing a 4-aryl­pyridine fragment, two benzene rings and an aza-17-crown-5 ether moiety, in a bowl-like arrangement. The pyridine ring is inclined to the 4-methyl­phenyl ring by 26.64 (6)°, and by 57.43 (6) and 56.81 (6)° to the benzene rings. The benzene rings are inclined to one another by 88.32 (6)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by pairs of C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with an R₂²(14) ring motif. The dimers are linked via a number of C—H⋯π inter­actions, forming a three-dimensional architecture.

(1R*,21S*,22R*,24S*)-Methyl ethyl 2-[23-hy-droxy-22,24-diphenyl-8,11,14-trioxa-25-aza-tetra-cyclo-[19.3.1.0(2,7).0(15,20)]penta-cosa-2,4,6,15(20),16,18-hexaen-25-yl]but-2-enedioate

The title compound, C₄₀H₄₁NO₈, is a product of the reduction of the cyclic carbonyl group of the γ-piperidone subunit of the aza-14-crown-4 ether with subsequent re-esterification of its dimethyl butenoate substituent into a monoethyl monomethyl group. The aza­crown macrocycle exhibits a bowl conformation with a dihedral angle of 70.82 (5)° between the benzene rings fused to it. The piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation and the methyl ethyl ethyl­enedi­carboxyl­ate fragment has a cis conformation, with a dihedral angle of 66.51 (7)° between the two carboxyl­ate groups. The ethyl group is disordered over two sites with occupancies of 0.70 (1):0.30 (1). In the crystal, mol­ecules form inversion dimers, via pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, that stack along the a axis.

1-Methyl-3-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium picrate

The title salt, C₁₃H₁₁N₂O₂⁺·C₆H₂N₃O₇⁻, is the unexpected product of a domino reaction of 3-cyano­methyl-1-methyl­imidazolium chloride with salicylic aldehyde in the presence of picric acid. In the cation, the 1H-imidazole ring is twisted by 63.2 (1)° from the 2H-chromen plane. In the crystal, cations and anions are alternately stacked along the a axis through π–π stacking inter­actions between the almost parallel aromatic rings [centroid–centroid distances = 3.458 (2) and 3.678 (2) Å]. The stacks are further linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a two-tier layer parallel to (001).

Ethyl 23-benzyl-8,11,14-trioxa-23,28,29-triaza-penta-cyclo-[19.7.1.0(2,7).0(15,20).0(22,27)]nona-cosa-2,4,6,15(20),16,18,21,26-octa-ene-26-carboxyl-ate

The title compound, C33H35N3O5, is the product of the multicomponent condensation of 1-benzyl-4-eth-oxy-carbonyl-piperidin-3-one with 1,5-bis-(2-formyl-phen-oxy)-3-oxapentane and ammonium acetate. The mol-ecule comprises a penta-cyclic system containing the aza-14-crown-4-ether macrocycle, tetra-hydro-pyrimidine, tetra-hydro-pyridine and two benzene rings. The aza-14-crown-4-ether ring adopts a bowl conformation with a dihedral angle of 62.37 (5)° between the benzene rings. The tetra-hydro-pyrimidine ring has an envelope conformation with the chiral C atom as the flap, whereas the tetra-hydro-pyridine ring adopts a distorted chair conformation. Two amino groups are involved in intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into layers parallel to the ab plane.

meso-(1S*,21R*)-25-Methyl-8,11,14-trioxa-22,24,25-triaza-tetra-cyclo-[19.3.1.0(2,7).0(15,20)]penta-cosa-2,4,6,15(20),16,18-hexa-ene-23-thione chloro-form monosolvate

The title compound crystallizes as a chloro-form solvate, C(20)H(23)N(3)O(3)S·CHCl(3), with two crystallographically independent units. The independent units have distinctly different inter-action patterns between the aza-crown macrocycle and the chloro-form solvent mol-ecule. In one of them, the chloro-form mol-ecule forms C-H⋯N and Cl⋯H-C hydrogen bonds with the aza-crown macrocycle (as a proton donor and an acceptor, respectively), whereas in the other, one of the chloro-form mol-ecules is bound to the aza-crown macrocycle by an attractive Cl⋯O [3.080 (3) Å] inter-action. The aza-crown macrocycles of different units are structurally similar; the aza-14-crown-3-ether ring adopts a bowl conformation with dihedral angles between the planes of the fused benzene rings of 60.7 (1) and 68.0 (1)°. The triazinane-thione ring in both cases has a sofa conformation. The crystal packing is characterized by N-H⋯S, N-H⋯O, C-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯S hydrogen bonds.

Dimethyl 2-[24-acetyl-28-oxo-8,11,14-trioxa-24,27-diaza-penta-cyclo-[19.5.1.1(22,26).0(2,7).0(15,20)]octa-cosa-2,4,6,15(20),16,18-hexaen-27-yl]but-2-enedioate

The title compound, C₃₁H₃₄N₂O₉, is a product of the Michael addition of the cyclic secondary amine subunit of the (bis­pidino)aza-14-crown-4 ether to dimethyl acetyl­ene­dicarboxyl­ate. The mol­ecule comprises a tricyclic system containing the aza-14-crown-3 ether macrocycle and two six-membered piperidinone rings. The aza-14-crown-3-ether ring adopts a bowl conformation with a dihedral angle between the planes of the fused benzene rings of 51.14 (5)°. The central piperidone ring has a boat conformation, whereas the terminal piperidone ring adopts a chair conformation. The dimethyl ethyl­enedicarboxyl­ate fragment has a cis configuration with a dihedral angle of 56.56 (7)° between the two carboxyl­ate groups. The crystal packing is stabilized by weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

24-Acetyl-8,11,14-trioxa-24,27-diaza-penta-cyclo-[19.5.1.1(22,26).0(2,7).0(15,20)]octa-cosa-2,4,6,15(20),16,18-hexaen-28-one

The title compound, C₂₅H₂₈N₂O₅, is a product of the Petrenko–Kritchenko condensation of N-acetyl­piperidone with 1,5-bis­(2-formyl­phen­oxy)-3-oxapentane and ammonium acetate. The mol­ecule comprises a fused penta­cyclic system containing an aza-14-crown-3-ether macrocycle, two piperidone and two benzene rings. The aza-14-crown-3-ether ring adopts a bowl conformation. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings fused to the aza-14-crown-4-ether unit is 70.18 (4)°. The central piperidone ring has a boat conformation, whereas the terminal piperidone ring adopts a chair conformation. The conformation of the central piperidone ring is determined by two intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by weak C—H⋯O inter­actions into chains along [010].

Dimethyl 2-[22,24-dimethyl-23-oxo-8,11,14-trioxa-25-aza-tetra-cyclo-[19.3.1.0(2,7).0(15,20)]penta-cosa-2,4,6,15(20),16,18-hexaen-25-yl]but-2-enedioate

The title compound, C₂₉H₃₃NO₈, is a product of the Michael addition of the cyclic secondary amine subunit of the aza-14-crown-4 ether to dimethyl acetyl­enedicarboxyl­ate. The piperidinone ring exhibits a distorted chair conformation, and the dimethyl ethylenedicarboxylate fragment has a cis configuration with a dihedral angle of 78.96 (5)° between the two carboxyl­ate groups. The crystal packing is stabilized by weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Dimethyl 2-[23-oxo-22,24-diphenyl-8,11,14-trioxa-25-aza-tetra-cyclo-[19.3.1.0(2,7).0(15,20)]penta-cosa-2,4,6,15(20),16,18-hexaen-25-yl]but-2-enedioate

The title compound, C(39)H(37)NO(8), is a product of the Michael addition of the cyclic secondary amine subunit of aza-14-crown-4 ether to dimethyl acetyl-enedicarboxyl-ate. The piperidinone ring exhibits a distorted chair conformation and the dimethyl acetyl-enedicarboxyl-ate fragment has a cis configuration with a dihedral angle of 56.61 (5)° between the two carboxyl-ate groups. The crystal packing is stabilized by the weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

(2E,25E)-11,14,17,33,36,39,42-Hepta-oxa-penta-cyclo-[41.4.0.0.0.0]hepta-tetra-conta-1(43),2,5(10),6,8,18,20,22,25,27,29,31,44,46-tetra-decaene-4,24-dione

The title compound, C₄₀H₄₀O₉, is a product of the double crotonic condensation of bis­(2-acetyl­phen­oxy)-3-oxapentane with bis­(2-formyl­phen­oxy)-3,6-dioxaoctane. The title macromolecule includes the 31-crown-7-ether skeletal unit and adopts a saddle-like conformation. The two ethyl­ene fragments have E configurations. The volume of the inter­nal cavity of the macrocycle is approximately 125 ų. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are arranged at van der Waals distances.

9-[(2-Hy-droxy-benzyl-idene)amino]-11-(2-hy-droxy-phen-yl)-10,13-diphenyl-8-oxa-12-azoniatricyclo-[7.3.1.0]trideca-2(7),3,5-triene acetate ethanol disolvate

The title compound, C(36)H(31)N(2)O(3) (+),C(2)H(3)O(2) (-)·2C(2)H(5)OH, the product of a domino condensation of dibenzyl ketone with salicylic aldehyde and ammonium acetate, crystallized as the ethanol disolvate. The cation of the salt comprises a fused tricyclic system containing three six-membered rings (piperidine, dihydro-2H-pyran and benzene). The piperidine ring has the usual chair conformation, while the dihydro-pyran ring adopts a slightly distorted sofa conformation. In the crystal, there are six (one intra- and five inter-molecular) independent hydrogen-bonding inter-actions: the inter-molecular hydrogen bonds link the cations and anions and ethanol solvent mol-ecules into ribbons along [001]. The ribbons are stacked along the a axis.