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Columbus I, Ghindes-Azaria L, Herzog IM, Blum E, Parvari G, Eichen Y, Cohen Y, Gershonov E, Drug E, Saphier S, Elias S, Smolkin B, Zafrani Y. Species-specific lipophilicities of fluorinated diketones in complex equilibria systems and their potential as multifaceted reversible covalent warheads. Commun Chem 2023; 6:197. [PMID: 37715018 PMCID: PMC10504258 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined molecular, physicochemical and chemical properties of electrophilic warheads can be applied to create covalent drugs with diverse facets. Here we study these properties in fluorinated diketones (FDKs) and their multicomponent equilibrium systems in the presence of protic nucleophiles, revealing the potential of the CF2(CO)2 group to act as a multifaceted warhead for reversible covalent drugs. The equilibria compositions of various FDKs in water/octanol contain up to nine species. A simultaneous direct species-specific 19F-NMR-based log P determination of these complex equilibria systems was achieved and revealed in some cases lipophilic to hydrophilic shifts, indicating possible adaptation to different environments. This was also demonstrated in 19F-MAS-NMR-based water-membrane partitioning measurements. An interpretation of the results is suggested by the aid of a DFT study and 19F-DOSY-NMR spectroscopy. In dilute solutions, a model FDK reacted with protected cysteine to form two hemi-thioketal regioisomers, indicating possible flexible regio-reactivity of CF2(CO)2 warheads toward cysteine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishay Columbus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Lee Ghindes-Azaria
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ido Michael Herzog
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Eliav Blum
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Galit Parvari
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoav Eichen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoram Cohen
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eytan Gershonov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Eyal Drug
- Department of Analytic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Sigal Saphier
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel.
| | - Shlomi Elias
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Boris Smolkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Yossi Zafrani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel.
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Saphier S, Katalan S, Yacov G, Berliner A, Redy-Keisar O, Fridkin G, Ghindes-Azaria L, Columbus I, Pevzner A, Drug E, Prihed H, Gershonov E, Eichen Y, Elias S, Parvari G, Zafrani Y. Placing CF 2 in the Center: Major Physicochemical Changes Upon a Minor Structural Alteration in Gem-Difunctional Compounds. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202939. [PMID: 36374157 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine atoms play an important role in all branches of chemistry and accordingly, it is very important to study their unique and varied effects systematically, in particular, the structure-physicochemical properties relationship. The present study describes exceptional physicochemical effects resulting from a H/F exchange at the methylene bridge of gem-difunctional compounds. The Δlog P(CF2-CH2) values, that is, the change in lipophilicity, observed for the CH2 /CF2 replacement in various α,α-phenoxy- and thiophenoxy-esters/amides, diketones, benzodioxoles and more, fall in the range of 0.6-1.4 units, which for most cases, is far above the values expected for such a replacement. Moreover, for compounds holding more than one such gem-difunctional moiety, the effect is nearly additive, so one can switch from a hydrophilic compound to a lipophilic one in a limited number of H/F exchanges. DFT studies of some of these systems revealed that polarity, conformational preference as well as charge distributions are strongly affected by such hydrogen to fluorine atom substitution. The pronounced effects described, are a result of the interplay between changes in polarity, H-bond basicity and molecular volume, which were obtained with a very low 'cost' in terms of molecular weight or steric effects and may have a great potential for implementation in various fields of chemical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Saphier
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Shahaf Katalan
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Guy Yacov
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Anat Berliner
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Orit Redy-Keisar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Gil Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Lee Ghindes-Azaria
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Ishay Columbus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Alexander Pevzner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Eyal Drug
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Hagit Prihed
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Eytan Gershonov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Yoav Eichen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200008, Israel
| | - Shlomi Elias
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
| | - Galit Parvari
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200008, Israel
| | - Yossi Zafrani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
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Columbus I, Ghindes-Azaria L, Chen R, Yehezkel L, Redy-Keisar O, Fridkin G, Amir D, Marciano D, Drug E, Gershonov E, Klausner Z, Saphier S, Elias S, Pevzner A, Eichen Y, Parvari G, Smolkin B, Zafrani Y. Studying Lipophilicity Trends of Phosphorus Compounds by 31P-NMR Spectroscopy: A Powerful Tool for the Design of P-Containing Drugs. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8511-8524. [PMID: 35678759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Systematically studying the lipophilicity of phosphorus compounds is of great importance for many chemical and biological fields and particularly for medicinal chemistry. Here, we report on the study of trends in the lipophilicity of a wide set of phosphorus compounds relevant to drug design including phosphates, thiophosphates, phosphonates, thiophosphonates, bis-phosphonates, and phosphine chalcogenides. This was enabled by the development of a straightforward log P determination method for phosphorus compounds based on 31P-NMR spectroscopy. The log P values measured ranged between -3.2 and 3.6, and the trends observed were interpreted using a DFT study of the dipole moments and by H-bond basicity (pKHB) measurements of selected compounds. Clear signal separation in 31P-NMR spectroscopy grants the method high tolerability to impurities. Moreover, the wide range of chemical shifts for the phosphorus nucleus (250 to -250 ppm) enables a direct simultaneous log P determination of phosphorus compound mixtures in a single shake-flask experiment and 31P-NMR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishay Columbus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Lee Ghindes-Azaria
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Ravit Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Lea Yehezkel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Orit Redy-Keisar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Gil Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Dafna Amir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Daniele Marciano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Eyal Drug
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Eytan Gershonov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Ziv Klausner
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Sigal Saphier
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Shlomi Elias
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Alexander Pevzner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Yoav Eichen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Galit Parvari
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Boris Smolkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Yossi Zafrani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
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Zafrani Y, Parvari G, Amir D, Ghindes-Azaria L, Elias S, Pevzner A, Fridkin G, Berliner A, Gershonov E, Eichen Y, Saphier S, Katalan S. Modulation of the H-Bond Basicity of Functional Groups by α-Fluorine-Containing Functions and its Implications for Lipophilicity and Bioisosterism. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4516-4531. [PMID: 33844540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of the H-bond basicity (pKHB) of various functional groups (FGs) by attaching fluorine functions and its impact on lipophilicity and bioisosterism considerations are described. In general, H/F replacement at the α-position to H-bond acceptors leads to a decrease of the pKHB value, resulting, in many cases, in a dramatic increase in the compounds' lipophilicity (log Po/w). In the case of α-CF2H, we found that these properties may also be affected by intramolecular H-bonds between CF2H and the FG. A computational study of ketone and sulfone series revealed that α-fluorination can significantly affect overall polarity, charge distribution, and conformational preference. The unique case of α-di- and trifluoromethyl ketones, which exist in octanol/water phases as ketone, hemiketal, and gem-diol forms, in equilibrium, prevents direct log Po/w determination by conventional methods, and therefore, the specific log Po/w values of these species were determined directly, for the first time, using Linclau's 19F NMR-based method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Zafrani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Galit Parvari
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Dafna Amir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Lee Ghindes-Azaria
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Shlomi Elias
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Alexander Pevzner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Gil Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Anat Berliner
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Eytan Gershonov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Yoav Eichen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Sigal Saphier
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Shahaf Katalan
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
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Ghindes-Azaria L, Melamed O, Nadav-Tsubery M, Levy E, Keinan-Adamsky K, Goobes G. Dynamics in hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecular chains tethered to MCM41-type mesoporous silica upon wetting and dehydration processes. Solid State Nucl Magn Reson 2019; 98:24-35. [PMID: 30738232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface modified mesoporous silica materials are important materials for heterogeneous catalysis and are attracting attention as potential drug carriers. The functionality of these materials relies on the physical and chemical properties of the tethers attached to MCM41 silica surface. These chemically linked tails act as molecular brushes, that can capture pollutant molecules, anchor points for catalysts and can host drug molecules. To utilize the full potential of the tailored silica surfaces, one should infer their properties at different levels of solvation. Here, 1H MAS NMR spectroscopy is used to monitor the dynamic properties of two modified MCM41 materials, an aminopropyl tethered MCM41 and an octyl tethered MCM41, through the process of controlled hydration. The surface site resolved measurements demonstrate how the chemical nature of the two tethers governs the way water molecules are directed to the different sites in the porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Ghindes-Azaria
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Ofer Melamed
- The Center for Academic Studies, Or Yehuda, 6021816, Israel
| | | | - Esthy Levy
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | | | - Gil Goobes
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel.
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