Hassannia L, Taghizadeh F, Moosazadeh M, Zarghami M, Taghizadeh H, Dooki AF, Fathi M, Alizadeh‐Navaei R, Hedayatizadeh‐Omran A, Dehghan N. Anxiety and Depression in Health Workers and General Population During COVID-19 in IRAN: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2021;
41:40-49. [PMID:
33369264 PMCID:
PMC8182959 DOI:
10.1002/npr2.12153]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The COVID-19 outbreak has exerted a great deal of psychological pressure on Iranian health workers and the general population. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pandemic on anxiety and depression in Iranian population.
METHODS
An online cross-sectional study was conducted for the general public and healthcare workers in Iran using a questionnaire comprised of demographic questions and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Chi-square test and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were conducted.
RESULTS
Of the 2045 participants, 1136 (65.6%) were considered to have moderate and severe anxiety symptoms, and 865 (42.3%) had moderate and severe depression symptoms. The prevalence of anxiety was higher in the females than in the males (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.123-1.643, P = .002); the prevalence of anxiety was significantly higher in those aged 30-39 years than in other age-groups (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.123-2.320, P = .001); furthermore, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was significantly higher in doctors and nurses compared with other occupations ((OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.367-2.491, P < .001) and (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.154-2.021, P = .003)). In addition, the prevalence of anxiety symptoms in the likely infected COVID-19 group was higher than in the noninfected COVID-19 group (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.093-1.654, P = .005).
CONCLUSIONS
Regarding the high prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms, especially among healthcare workers, appropriate psychological/psychiatric intervention necessitates.
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