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Leo A. Bogdanov

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Kostyunin AE, Glushkova TV, Lobov AA, Ovcharenko EA, Zainullina BR, Bogdanov LA, Shishkova DK, Markova VE, Asanov MA, Mukhamadiyarov RA, Velikanova EA, Akentyeva TN, Rezvova MA, Stasev AN, Evtushenko A, Barbarash LS, Kutikhin AG. Proteolytic Degradation Is a Major Contributor to Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2022;12:e028215. [PMID: 36565196 PMCID: PMC9973599 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]

Abstract

Background Whereas the risk factors for structural valve degeneration (SVD) of glutaraldehyde-treated bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) are well studied, those responsible for the failure of BHVs fixed with alternative next-generation chemicals remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the reasons behind the development of SVD in ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether-treated BHVs. Methods and Results Ten ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether-treated BHVs excised because of SVD, and 5 calcified aortic valves (AVs) replaced with BHVs because of calcific AV disease were collected and their proteomic profile was deciphered. Then, BHVs and AVs were interrogated for immune cell infiltration, microbial contamination, distribution of matrix-degrading enzymes and their tissue inhibitors, lipid deposition, and calcification. In contrast with dysfunctional AVs, failing BHVs suffered from complement-driven neutrophil invasion, excessive proteolysis, unwanted coagulation, and lipid deposition. Neutrophil infiltration was triggered by an asymptomatic bacterial colonization of the prosthetic tissue. Neutrophil elastase, myeloblastin/proteinase 3, cathepsin G, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs; neutrophil-derived MMP-8 and plasma-derived MMP-9), were significantly overexpressed, while tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1/2 were downregulated in the BHVs as compared with AVs, together indicative of unbalanced proteolysis in the failing BHVs. As opposed to other proteases, MMP-9 was mostly expressed in the disorganized prosthetic extracellular matrix, suggesting plasma-derived proteases as the primary culprit of SVD in ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether-treated BHVs. Hence, hemodynamic stress and progressive accumulation of proteases led to the extracellular matrix degeneration and dystrophic calcification, ultimately resulting in SVD. Conclusions Neutrophil- and plasma-derived proteases are responsible for the loss of BHV mechanical competence and need to be thwarted to prevent SVD.

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Affiliation(s)

Alexander E. Kostyunin Department of Experimental MedicineResearch Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular DiseasesKemerovoRussian Federation
Tatiana V. Glushkova Department of Experimental MedicineResearch Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular DiseasesKemerovoRussian Federation
Arseniy A. Lobov Department of Regenerative BiomedicineResearch Institute of CytologySt. PetersburgRussian Federation
Evgeny A. Ovcharenko Department of Experimental MedicineResearch Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular DiseasesKemerovoRussian Federation
Bozhana R. Zainullina Centre for Molecular and Cell TechnologiesSt. Petersburg State University Research ParkSt. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya EmbankmentSt. PetersburgRussian Federation
Leo A. Bogdanov Department of Experimental MedicineResearch Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular DiseasesKemerovoRussian Federation
Daria K. Shishkova Department of Experimental MedicineResearch Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular DiseasesKemerovoRussian Federation
Victoria E. Markova Department of Experimental MedicineResearch Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular DiseasesKemerovoRussian Federation
Maksim A. Asanov Department of Experimental MedicineResearch Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular DiseasesKemerovoRussian Federation
Rinat A. Mukhamadiyarov Department of Experimental MedicineResearch Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular DiseasesKemerovoRussian Federation
Elena A. Velikanova Department of Experimental MedicineResearch Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular DiseasesKemerovoRussian Federation
Tatiana N. Akentyeva Department of Experimental MedicineResearch Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular DiseasesKemerovoRussian Federation
Maria A. Rezvova Department of Experimental MedicineResearch Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular DiseasesKemerovoRussian Federation
Alexander N. Stasev Department of Experimental MedicineResearch Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular DiseasesKemerovoRussian Federation
Alexey V. Evtushenko Department of Experimental MedicineResearch Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular DiseasesKemerovoRussian Federation
Leonid S. Barbarash Department of Experimental MedicineResearch Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular DiseasesKemerovoRussian Federation
Anton G. Kutikhin Department of Experimental MedicineResearch Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular DiseasesKemerovoRussian Federation

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Mukhamadiyarov RA, Bogdanov LA, Mishinov SV, Kutikhin AG. A Novel Technique for Preparation, Staining, and Visualization of Tissue with Metal Implants and Extraskeletal Calcification Areas. Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021;12:13-20. [PMID: 34795988 PMCID: PMC8596281 DOI: 10.17691/stm2020.12.4.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open

Shishkova DK, Velikanova EA, Bogdanov LA, Sinitsky MY, Kostyunin AE, Tsepokina AV, Gruzdeva OV, Mironov AV, Mukhamadiyarov RA, Glushkova TV, Krivkina EO, Matveeva VG, Hryachkova ON, Markova VE, Dyleva YA, Belik EV, Frolov AV, Shabaev AR, Efimova OS, Popova AN, Malysheva VY, Kolmykov RP, Sevostyanov OG, Russakov DM, Dolganyuk VF, Gutakovsky AK, Zhivodkov YA, Kozhukhov AS, Brusina EB, Ismagilov ZR, Barbarash OL, Yuzhalin AE, Kutikhin AG. Calciprotein Particles Link Disturbed Mineral Homeostasis with Cardiovascular Disease by Causing Endothelial Dysfunction and Vascular Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22:ijms222212458. [PMID: 34830334 PMCID: PMC8626027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open

Affiliation(s)

Daria K. Shishkova Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
Elena A. Velikanova Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
Leo A. Bogdanov Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
Maxim Yu. Sinitsky Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
Alexander E. Kostyunin Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
Anna V. Tsepokina Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
Olga V. Gruzdeva Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
Andrey V. Mironov Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
Rinat A. Mukhamadiyarov Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
Tatiana V. Glushkova Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
Evgenia O. Krivkina Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
Vera G. Matveeva Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
Oksana N. Hryachkova Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
Victoria E. Markova Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
Yulia A. Dyleva Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
Ekaterina V. Belik Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
Alexey V. Frolov Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
Amin R. Shabaev Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
Olga S. Efimova Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science, Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 18 Sovetskiy Avenue, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia; (O.S.E.); (A.N.P.); (V.Y.M.); (R.P.K.); (Z.R.I.)
Anna N. Popova Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science, Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 18 Sovetskiy Avenue, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia; (O.S.E.); (A.N.P.); (V.Y.M.); (R.P.K.); (Z.R.I.)
Valentina Yu. Malysheva Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science, Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 18 Sovetskiy Avenue, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia; (O.S.E.); (A.N.P.); (V.Y.M.); (R.P.K.); (Z.R.I.)
Roman P. Kolmykov Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science, Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 18 Sovetskiy Avenue, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia; (O.S.E.); (A.N.P.); (V.Y.M.); (R.P.K.); (Z.R.I.)
Oleg G. Sevostyanov Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Kemerovo State University, 6 Krasnaya Street, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia; (O.G.S.); (D.M.R.); (V.F.D.)
Dmitriy M. Russakov Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Kemerovo State University, 6 Krasnaya Street, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia; (O.G.S.); (D.M.R.); (V.F.D.)
Viatcheslav F. Dolganyuk Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Kemerovo State University, 6 Krasnaya Street, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia; (O.G.S.); (D.M.R.); (V.F.D.)
Anton K. Gutakovsky Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Akademika Lavrentieva Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.G.); (Y.A.Z.); (A.S.K.)
Yuriy A. Zhivodkov Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Akademika Lavrentieva Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.G.); (Y.A.Z.); (A.S.K.)
Anton S. Kozhukhov Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Akademika Lavrentieva Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.G.); (Y.A.Z.); (A.S.K.)
Elena B. Brusina Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
Zinfer R. Ismagilov Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science, Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 18 Sovetskiy Avenue, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia; (O.S.E.); (A.N.P.); (V.Y.M.); (R.P.K.); (Z.R.I.)
Olga L. Barbarash Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
Arseniy E. Yuzhalin Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
Anton G. Kutikhin Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.) Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-960-907-7067

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Mukhamadiyarov RA, Bogdanov LA, Glushkova TV, Shishkova DK, Kostyunin AE, Koshelev VA, Shabaev AR, Frolov AV, Stasev AN, Lyapin AA, Kutikhin AG. EMbedding and Backscattered Scanning Electron Microscopy: A Detailed Protocol for the Whole-Specimen, High-Resolution Analysis of Cardiovascular Tissues. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021;8:739549. [PMID: 34760942 PMCID: PMC8573413 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.739549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open

Abstract

Currently, an ultrastructural analysis of cardiovascular tissues is significantly complicated. Routine histopathological examinations and immunohistochemical staining suffer from a relatively low resolution of light microscopy, whereas the fluorescence imaging of plaques and bioprosthetic heart valves yields considerable background noise from the convoluted extracellular matrix that often results in a low signal-to-noise ratio. Besides, the sectioning of calcified or stent-expanded blood vessels or mineralised heart valves leads to a critical loss of their integrity, demanding other methods to be developed. Here, we designed a conceptually novel approach that combines conventional formalin fixation, sequential incubation in heavy metal solutions (osmium tetroxide, uranyl acetate or lanthanides, and lead citrate), and the embedding of the whole specimen into epoxy resin to retain its integrity while accessing the region of interest by grinding and polishing. Upon carbon sputtering, the sample is visualised by means of backscattered scanning electron microscopy. The technique fully preserves calcified and stent-expanded tissues, permits a detailed analysis of vascular and valvular composition and architecture, enables discrimination between multiple cell types (including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, mast cells, foam cells, foreign-body giant cells, canonical macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes) and microvascular identities (arterioles, venules, and capillaries), and gives a technical possibility for quantitating the number, area, and density of the blood vessels. Hence, we suggest that our approach is capable of providing a pathophysiological insight into cardiovascular disease development. The protocol does not require specific expertise and can be employed in virtually any laboratory that has a scanning electron microscope.

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Frolov AV, Terekhov AA, Bogdanov LA, Mukhamadiiarov RA, Kutikhin AG. [Comparative study of vasa vasorum and neointima in conduits for coronary artery bypass grafting]. Angiol Sosud Khir 2021;27:121-126. [PMID: 34166352 DOI: 10.33529/angio2021218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]

Abstract

AIM

This study was undertaken to investigate the preoperative incidence and severity of intimal hypertrophy, as well as the level of blood supply of arterial and venous conduits for coronary artery bypass grafting.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Segments of the internal thoracic artery and great saphenous vein (n=13) were harvested pairwise during coronary artery bypass grafting and were then visualized by scanning electron microscopy in back-scattered electrons. The analysis of the incidence and thickness of intimal hypertrophy, as well as the calculation of the number and the area of the vasa vasorum were performed using the programme ImageJ.

RESULTS

Intimal hypertrophy was more characteristic for the great saphenous vein as compared with the internal thoracic artery (9/13 (69.2%) and 7/13 (55.8%), respectively), although this difference did not reach statistical significance. The maximal-to-minimal neointimal thickness ratio correlated with the percentage of stenosis (r=0.875, p<0.0001), the area (r=0.45, p=0.023) and the number (r=0.47, p=0.015) of the vasa vasorum in the conduits, thus confirming the hypothesis on possible participation of these vessels in the development of intimal hypertrophy, with the area of the vasa vasorum being greater in the vessels with >10% stenosis (p=0.051). The number of the vasa vasorum in the great saphenous vein exceeded that in the internal thoracic artery (p=0.0005), with this difference remaining significant after adjustment for the area of the adventitia (p=0.027). The number of the vasa vasorum per the percentage of stenosis in the great saphenous vein also exceeded that in the internal thoracic artery (p=0.039) and more strongly correlated with intimal hypertrophy in the great saphenous vein as compared with that in the internal thoracic artery (r=0.53 and r=0.27, respectively).

CONCLUSION

Intimal hypertrophy correlates with the area and number of the vasa vasorum in conduits. The great saphenous vein is characterised by a larger number and higher density of the vasa vasorum as compared with the internal thoracic artery. The number of the vasa vasorum is correlated with stenosis of the great saphenous vein more closely than with stenosis of the internal thoracic artery. This may be suggestive of significant predisposition of the great saphenous vein to the onset of adventitial inflammation followed by the development of intimal hypertrophy.

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