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Pereira JC, Gonçalves-Anjo N, Orge L, Pires MA, Rocha S, Figueira L, Matos AC, Silva J, Mendonça P, Carvalho P, Tavares P, Lima C, Alves A, Esteves A, Pinto ML, Pires I, Gama A, Sargo R, Silva F, Seixas F, Vieira-Pinto M, Bastos E. Estimating sequence diversity of prion protein gene ( PRNP) in Portuguese populations of two cervid species: red deer and fallow deer. Prion 2023; 17:75-81. [PMID: 36945178 PMCID: PMC10038017 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2023.2191540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids is now a rising concern in wildlife within Europe, after the detection of the first case in Norway in 2016, in a wild reindeer and until June 2022 a total of 34 cases were described in Norway, Sweden and Finland. The definite diagnosis is post-mortem, performed in target areas of the brain and lymph nodes. Samples are first screened using a rapid test and, if positive, confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblotting. The study of the genetics of the prion protein gene, PRNP, has been proved to be a valuable tool for determining the relative susceptibility to TSEs. In the present study, the exon 3 of PRNP gene of 143 samples from red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) of Portugal was analysed. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in red deer - codon A136A, codon T98A, codon Q226E - and no sequence variation was detected in fallow deer. The low genetic diversity found in our samples is compatible with previous studies in Europe. The comparison with results from North America suggests that the free-ranging deer from our study may present susceptibility to CWD, although lack of experimental data and the necessity of continuous survey are necessary to evaluate these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge C Pereira
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nuno Gonçalves-Anjo
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Leonor Orge
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria A Pires
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sara Rocha
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Figueira
- Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco (IPCB), Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Ana C Matos
- Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco (IPCB), Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - João Silva
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula Mendonça
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paulo Carvalho
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula Tavares
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carla Lima
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Anabela Alves
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Maria L Pinto
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pires
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Adelina Gama
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Roberto Sargo
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Filipe Silva
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Estela Bastos
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
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Salas-Fajardo MY, Benavides J, Azevedo A, Figueiras P, Monteiro M, Orge L, Mendonça P, Carvalho P, Waap H, Ortega-Mora LM, Calero-Bernal R. Fatal toxoplasmosis in a captive squirrel monkey (Saimiri boliviensis) in Portugal. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:2363-2370. [PMID: 37474881 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
New World monkeys are especially vulnerable to develop severe clinical manifestations and succumb to acute toxoplasmosis. This study aimed to describe the histopathological findings and genotypic characterization of the Toxoplasma gondii strain involved in a lethal case occurring in a zoo-housed black-capped squirrel monkey (Saimiri boliviensis) in Portugal. Cyst-like structures suggestive of Sarcocystidae parasites and acute injuries in liver and brain were observed by light microscopy examination. By immunohistochemistry, calprotectin, T. gondii antigen and Iba1 antigen had a positive signaling in lung, liver and brain tissues. Toxoplasma gondii B1, ITS1 and 529 repetitive element fragments amplifications together with the genotyping of 13 microsatellite markers confirmed a systemic T. gondii infection linked to a non-clonal type II strain. This description is consistent to the majority T. gondii strains circulating in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Ynés Salas-Fajardo
- SALUVET, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Julio Benavides
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, (CSIC-ULE), Grulleros, León, 24346, Spain
| | - Alexandre Azevedo
- Zoo de Lagos, Lagos, 8600-013, Portugal
- CIVG - Vasco da Gama Research Center / Vasco da Gama University School, Coimbra, 3020-210, Portugal
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Madalena Monteiro
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P, Oeiras, 2780- 157, Portugal
| | - Leonor Orge
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P, Oeiras, 2780- 157, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, 5000- 801, Portugal
| | - Paula Mendonça
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P, Oeiras, 2780- 157, Portugal
| | - Paulo Carvalho
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P, Oeiras, 2780- 157, Portugal
| | - Helga Waap
- Parasitology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P, Oeiras, 2780- 157, Portugal
| | - Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora
- SALUVET, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Rafael Calero-Bernal
- SALUVET, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
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3
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Orge L, Lurdes Pinto MD, Cristovão P, Mendonça P, Carvalho P, Lima C, Santos H, Alves A, Seixas F, Pires I, Gama A, Dos Anjos Pires M. Detection of Abnormal Prion Protein by Immunohistochemistry. J Vis Exp 2023. [PMID: 37212578 DOI: 10.3791/64560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal prion proteins (PrPSc) are the disease-associated isoform of cellular prion protein and diagnostic markers of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). These neurodegenerative diseases affect humans and several animal species and include scrapie, zoonotic bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), chronic wasting disease of cervids (CWD), and the newly identified camel prion disease (CPD). Diagnosis of TSEs relies on immunodetection of PrPSc by application of both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western immunoblot methods (WB) on encephalon tissues, namely, the brainstem (obex level). IHC is a widely used method that uses primary antibodies (monoclonal or polyclonal) against antigens of interest in cells of a tissue section. The antibody-antigen binding can be visualized by a color reaction that remains localized in the area of the tissue or cell where the antibody was targeted. As such, in prion diseases, as in other fields of research, the immunohistochemistry techniques are not solely used for diagnostic purposes but also in pathogenesis studies. Such studies involve detecting the PrPSc patterns and types from those previously described to identify the new prion strains. As BSE can infect humans, it is recommended that biosafety laboratory level-3 (BSL-3) facilities and/or practices are used to handle cattle, small ruminants, and cervid samples included in the TSE surveillance. Additionally, containment and prion-dedicated equipment are recommended, whenever possible, to limit contamination. The PrPSc IHC procedure consists of a formic acid epitope-demasking step also acting as a prion inactivation measure, as formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues used in this technique remain infectious. When interpreting the results, care must be taken to distinguish non-specific immunolabeling from target labeling. For this purpose, it is important to recognize artifacts of immunolabeling obtained in known TSE-negative control animals to differentiate those from specific PrPSc immunolabeling types, which can vary between TSE strains, host species, and prnp genotype, further described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Orge
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science-AL4AnimalS, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD); Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Oeiras
| | - Maria de Lurdes Pinto
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science-AL4AnimalS, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD);
| | - Paula Cristovão
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Oeiras
| | - Paula Mendonça
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Oeiras
| | - Paulo Carvalho
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Oeiras
| | - Carla Lima
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Vairão
| | - Helena Santos
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Oeiras
| | - Anabela Alves
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science-AL4AnimalS, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD)
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science-AL4AnimalS, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD)
| | - Isabel Pires
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science-AL4AnimalS, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD)
| | - Adelina Gama
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science-AL4AnimalS, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD)
| | - Maria Dos Anjos Pires
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science-AL4AnimalS, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD)
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4
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Esteves A, Vieira-Pinto M, Quintas H, Orge L, Gama A, Alves A, Seixas F, Pires I, Pinto MDL, Mendonça AP, Lima C, Machado CN, Silva JC, Tavares P, Silva F, Bastos E, Pereira J, Gonçalves-Anjo N, Carvalho P, Sargo R, Matos A, Figueira L, Pires MDA. Scrapie at Abattoir: Monitoring, Control, and Differential Diagnosis of Wasting Conditions during Meat Inspection. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3028. [PMID: 34827761 PMCID: PMC8614523 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wasting disease in small ruminants is frequently detected at slaughterhouses. The wasting disorder is manifested by the deterioration of the nutritional and physiological state of the animal indicated by thinness, emaciation, and cachexia. Evidence of emaciation and cachexia, alone, are pathological conditions leading to carcass condemnation during an inspection. Several diseases are associated with a wasting condition, including scrapie, pseudotuberculosis, tuberculosis, paratuberculosis, Maedi Visna, and tumor diseases. On the other hand, parasitic diseases, nutrition disorders, exposure or ingestion of toxins, metabolic conditions, inadequate nutrition due to poor teeth, or poor alimentary diet are conditions contributing to poor body condition. Classical and atypical scrapie is naturally occurring transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in small ruminants. The etiological agent for each one is prions. However, each of these scrapie types is epidemiologically, pathologically, and biochemically different. Though atypical scrapie occurs at low incidence, it is consistently prevalent in the small ruminant population. Hence, it is advisable to include differential diagnosis of this disease, from other possibilities, as a cause of wasting conditions detected during meat inspection at the abattoir. This manuscript is a review of the measures in force at the abattoir for scrapie control, focusing on the differential diagnosis of gross lesions related to wasting conditions detected in small ruminants during meat inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Esteves
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.V.-P.); (L.O.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (I.P.); (M.d.L.P.); (F.S.); (J.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Madalena Vieira-Pinto
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.V.-P.); (L.O.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (I.P.); (M.d.L.P.); (F.S.); (J.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Hélder Quintas
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
| | - Leonor Orge
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.V.-P.); (L.O.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (I.P.); (M.d.L.P.); (F.S.); (J.P.); (R.S.)
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.P.M.); (C.N.M.); (J.C.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Adelina Gama
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.V.-P.); (L.O.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (I.P.); (M.d.L.P.); (F.S.); (J.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Anabela Alves
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.V.-P.); (L.O.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (I.P.); (M.d.L.P.); (F.S.); (J.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.V.-P.); (L.O.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (I.P.); (M.d.L.P.); (F.S.); (J.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Isabel Pires
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.V.-P.); (L.O.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (I.P.); (M.d.L.P.); (F.S.); (J.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Maria de Lurdes Pinto
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.V.-P.); (L.O.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (I.P.); (M.d.L.P.); (F.S.); (J.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Ana Paula Mendonça
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.P.M.); (C.N.M.); (J.C.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Carla Lima
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (C.L.); (P.T.)
| | - Carla Neves Machado
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.P.M.); (C.N.M.); (J.C.S.); (P.C.)
| | - João Carlos Silva
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.P.M.); (C.N.M.); (J.C.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Paula Tavares
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (C.L.); (P.T.)
| | - Filipe Silva
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.V.-P.); (L.O.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (I.P.); (M.d.L.P.); (F.S.); (J.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Estela Bastos
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Genetic Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Jorge Pereira
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.V.-P.); (L.O.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (I.P.); (M.d.L.P.); (F.S.); (J.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Nuno Gonçalves-Anjo
- Genetic Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Paulo Carvalho
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.P.M.); (C.N.M.); (J.C.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Roberto Sargo
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.V.-P.); (L.O.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (I.P.); (M.d.L.P.); (F.S.); (J.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Ana Matos
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco (IPCB), 6000-767 Castelo Branco, Portugal;
- Quality of Life in the Rural World (Q-Rural), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco (IPCB), 6000-767 Castelo Branco, Portugal;
| | - Luís Figueira
- Quality of Life in the Rural World (Q-Rural), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco (IPCB), 6000-767 Castelo Branco, Portugal;
| | - Maria dos Anjos Pires
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.V.-P.); (L.O.); (A.G.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (I.P.); (M.d.L.P.); (F.S.); (J.P.); (R.S.)
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5
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Casanova M, Machado C, Tavares P, Silva J, Fast C, Balkema-Buschmann A, Groschup MH, Orge L. Circulation of Nor98 Atypical Scrapie in Portuguese Sheep Confirmed by Transmission of Isolates into Transgenic Ovine ARQ-PrP Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910441. [PMID: 34638780 PMCID: PMC8508621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Portugal was among the first European countries to report cases of Atypical Scrapie (ASc), the dominant form of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE) in Portuguese small ruminants. Although the diagnostic phenotypes observed in Portuguese ASc cases seem identical to those described for Nor98, unequivocal identification requires TSE strain-typing using murine bioassays. In this regard, we initiated characterization of ASc isolates from sheep either homozygous for the ARQ genotype or the classical scrapie-resistant ARR genotype. Isolates from such genotypes were transmitted to TgshpXI mice expressing ovine PrPARQ. Mean incubation periods were 414 ± 58 and 483 ± 107 days in mice inoculated with AL141RQ/AF141RQ and AL141RR/AL141RR sheep isolates, respectively. Both isolates produced lesion profiles similar to French ASc Nor98 'discordant cases', where vacuolation was observed in the hippocampus (G6), cerebral cortex at the thalamus (G8) level, cerebellar white matter (W1) and cerebral peduncles (W3). Immunohistochemical PrPSc deposition was observed in the hippocampus, cerebellar cortex, cerebellar white matter and cerebral peduncles in the form of aggregates and fine granules. These findings were consistent with previously reported cases of ASc Nor98 transmitted to transgenic TgshpXI mice, confirming that the ASc strain present in Portuguese sheep corresponds to ASc Nor98.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Casanova
- Histopathology Facility, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal;
- Veterinary Medicine Department, University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Carla Machado
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Paula Tavares
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., 4485-655 Vairão-Vila do Conde, Portugal;
| | - João Silva
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Christine Fast
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (C.F.); (A.B.-B.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Anne Balkema-Buschmann
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (C.F.); (A.B.-B.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (C.F.); (A.B.-B.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Leonor Orge
- Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.M.); (J.S.)
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science—AL4AnimalS, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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6
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Marín-Moreno A, Aguilar-Calvo P, Espinosa JC, Zamora-Ceballos M, Pitarch JL, González L, Fernández-Borges N, Orge L, Andréoletti O, Nonno R, Torres JM. Classical scrapie in small ruminants is caused by at least four different prion strains. Vet Res 2021; 52:57. [PMID: 33858518 PMCID: PMC8048364 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of goat scrapie strains in Europe has recently been studied using bioassays in a wide collection of rodent models, resulting in the classification of classical scrapie into four different categories. However, the sole use of the first passage does not lead to isolate adaptation and identification of the strains involved and might therefore lead to misclassification of some scrapie isolates. Therefore, this work reports the complete transmission study of a wide collection of goat transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) isolates by intracranial inoculation in two transgenic mouse lines overexpressing either small ruminant (TgGoat-ARQ) or bovine (TgBov) PrPC. To compare scrapie strains in sheep and goats, sheep scrapie isolates from different European countries were also included in the study. Once the species barrier phenomenon was overcome, an accurate classification of the isolates was attained. Thus, the use of just two rodent models allowed us to fully differentiate at least four different classical scrapie strains in small ruminants and to identify isolates containing mixtures of strains. This work reinforces the idea that classical scrapie in small ruminants is a prion disease caused by multiple different prion strains and not by a single strain, as is the case for epidemic classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE-C). In addition, the clear dissimilarity between the different scrapie strains and BSE-C does not support the idea that classical scrapie is the origin of epidemic BSE-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Marín-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Aguilar-Calvo
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.,Departments of Pathology and Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Pitarch
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Leonor Orge
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Olivier Andréoletti
- UMR INRAE ENVT 1225-IHAP, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Romolo Nonno
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Nutrition and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, Rome, Italy
| | - Juan María Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.
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Pinto ML, Orge L, Pires MDA, Requena JR. Editorial: The Design of Molecular Tools in Relation to Prions and Their Biosafety. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:638513. [PMID: 33553132 PMCID: PMC7855967 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.638513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonor Orge
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria Dos Anjos Pires
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Jesús R Requena
- CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela-IDIS, Santiago, Spain
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8
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Pires MDA, Catarino JC, Vilhena H, Faim S, Neves T, Freire A, Seixas F, Orge L, Payan-Carreira R. Co-existing monophasic teratoma and uterine adenocarcinoma in a female dog. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:1044-1049. [PMID: 30907028 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian teratomas are occasionally reported in dogs; the rarest type is the monophasic teratoma, composed of tissues originating from only one germ layer. Canine endometrial adenocarcinomas are also rare in dogs and mainly affect geriatric females. This report describes the case of co-existing ovarian teratoma and uterine adenocarcinoma in a 10-year-old nulliparous female Boxer presented with lethargy, anorexia and purulent vaginal discharge. Abdominal ultrasonography evidenced pyometra and a mass in the left ovary. This was composed of a uniform whitish tissue with multiple cystic structures. The histology revealed an atrophy of the ovarian parenchyma, compressed by a proliferation of well-differentiated nervous tissue staining positively to vimentin, S100 and neuronal specific enolase (NSE), and negatively to keratin and inhibin. The left uterine horn, whose diameter was markedly increased, showed foci of endometrial cellular atypia, evident nucleoli and mitoses, at light microscopy. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of a co-existing ovarian monophasic teratoma and endometrial adenocarcinoma, two rare reproductive neoplasia in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dos Anjos Pires
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Carlos Catarino
- Universidade Lusofona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Medicina Veterinária, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo Vilhena
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Baixo Vouga Veterinary Hospital, Águeda, Portugal.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Vasco da Gama University School, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Faim
- University Veterinary Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Neves
- University Veterinary Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreia Freire
- University Veterinary Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Leonor Orge
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Pathology Laboratory, UEISPSA, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), I.P., Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rita Payan-Carreira
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
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9
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Noiva R, Ruivo P, de Carvalho LM, Fonseca C, Fevereiro M, Carvalho P, Orge L, Monteiro M, Peleteiro MC. First description of a fatal equine infection with Halicephalobus gingivalis in Portugal. Relevance for public health. Vet Med Sci 2019; 5:222-229. [PMID: 30672155 PMCID: PMC6498521 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Halicephalobus gingivalis is a small saprophytic rhabditid nematode, represented only by females with a typical rhabditoid oesophagus and one egg in the uterus, capable of infecting vertebrates. This opportunistic parasite present in the soil, manure and decaying humus, is thought to penetrate through previous injuries to the mouth, eyes and skin of horses and migrate to various organs. The brain is one such organ, where the females lay their eggs, leading to malacia and causing a sudden onset of neurological signs, such as anorexia, ataxia, urinary incontinence, blindness, decreased menace and tonal reflexes, tremors and aggressiveness. The disease is invariably fatal whenever brain lesions are present, and the diagnosis usually achieved only post‐mortem. The present work aims to describe the first case of infection by H. gingivalis ever reported in Portugal. An 8‐year old warmblood horse presented with an 8‐day history of progressive blindness involving the left eye, initially with normal pupillary reflexes, advancing to bilateral blindness and increasing deterioration in clinical condition. After euthanasia, the animal was submitted for necropsy. Organ samples were collected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for routine histopathology. A large mass was found in the left kidney corresponding to fibrous tissue heavily infiltrated with inflammatory cells and numerous nematodes. In the brain, multiple, bilateral and asymmetrical foci of malacia containing several rhabditoid nematodes, larvae and zygotes, and high numbers of inflammatory cells were found. The nematodes were identified as H. gingivalis. The clinical history, necropsy and histological findings presented constitute a typical case of H. gingivalis infection in a horse, never previously described in Portugal to the authors’ best knowledge. Humans can be infected by contact with contaminated manure, which makes this nematode a public health concern, especially for people living and/or working in close proximity to horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Noiva
- CIISA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Ruivo
- Integrated Masters Course of Veterinary Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Madeira de Carvalho
- CIISA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Miguel Fevereiro
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), Unidade Estratégica de Investigação e Serviços de Produção e Saúde Animal, Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paulo Carvalho
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), Unidade Estratégica de Investigação e Serviços de Produção e Saúde Animal, Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Leonor Orge
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), Unidade Estratégica de Investigação e Serviços de Produção e Saúde Animal, Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Madalena Monteiro
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), Unidade Estratégica de Investigação e Serviços de Produção e Saúde Animal, Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria Conceição Peleteiro
- CIISA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, Lisbon, Portugal
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10
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Aguilar-Calvo P, Espinosa JC, Andréoletti O, González L, Orge L, Juste R, Torres JM. Goat K 222-PrP C polymorphic variant does not provide resistance to atypical scrapie in transgenic mice. Vet Res 2016; 47:96. [PMID: 27659200 PMCID: PMC5034450 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Host prion (PrPC) genotype is a major determinant for the susceptibility to prion diseases. The Q/K222-PrPC polymorphic variant provides goats and mice with high resistance against classical scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE); yet its effect against atypical scrapie is unknown. Here, transgenic mice expressing the goat wild-type (wt) or the K222-PrPC variant were intracerebrally inoculated with several natural cases of atypical scrapie from sheep and goat and their susceptibility to the prion disease was determined. Goat wt and K222-PrPC transgenic mice were 100% susceptible to all the atypical scrapie isolates, showing similar survival times and almost identical disease phenotypes. The capacity of the K222-PrPC variant to replicate specifically the atypical scrapie strain as efficiently as the goat wt PrPC, but not the classical scrapie or cattle-BSE as previously reported, further suggests the involvement of concrete areas of the host PrPC in the strain-dependent replication of prions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Aguilar-Calvo
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology and Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, USA
| | - Juan-Carlos Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivier Andréoletti
- Interactions Hôte Agent Pathogène, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Leonor Orge
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Juan-María Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Orge L, Simas JP. Response to commentary on "Identification of H-type BSE in Portugal". Prion 2016; 10:343. [PMID: 27802081 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2016.1220798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Orge
- a Laboratório de Patologia , Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária , IP , Portugal
| | - J Pedro Simas
- b Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
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12
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Abstract
Estudos anátomo-fisiológicos implicaram zonas cerebrais como o córtex orbitofrontal e pré-frontal, áreas do hipocampo e a amígdala, em particular, no controlo do comportamento agressivo em animais e em humanos. Este estudo de parametrização do encéfalo e da amígdala cerebral em bovinos de raça Brava de Lide, em comparação com bovinos cruzados de aptidão de carne, teve por objetivo verificar a existência de uma possível associação entre aquela área cerebral e o comportamento agressivo manifestado pelos touros de lide. Os autores avaliaram a morfologia e as dimensões do encéfalo e da amígdala cerebral em 120 bovinos, 60 da raça Brava de Lide e 60 cruzados produtores de carne, e correlacionaram a dimensão da amígdala cerebral com o comportamento dos touros de lide nas corridas à Portuguesa. Constatou-se que os 2 grupos de bovinos analisados apresentaram diferenças na conformação dos hemisférios cerebrais, na relação peso do encéfalo/peso da carcaça em quente e na dimensão da amígdala cerebral. Nos touros de lide, as amígdalas cerebrais apresentaram menores dimensões, de uma forma estatisticamente muito significativa, evidenciando-se também uma separação nítida entre touros com adequada aptidão para lide, que apresentavam amígdalas menores, e aqueles cujo comportamento foi impróprio para a lide. Esta diferença anatómica poderá contribuir para a diferente modulação do comportamento apresentado.
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13
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Orge L, Machado CG, Ramalho L, Carvalho R, Silva J, Almeida P, Tavares P, Ochoa C, Lima C, Pinto MJM, Simas JP. Identification of H-type BSE in Portugal. Prion 2015; 9:22-8. [PMID: 25629308 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2014.997615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) epidemic, Portugal was the third most affected country. As a result of a successful national eradication plan, the number of BSE affected animals has been progressively declining in Portugal with no cases identified in 2013. However, within the scope of this active surveillance scheme, we have identified the first H-type BSE case born after the introduction of the reinforced ban in fallen stock. Here, we report the phenotypic features of this case and the analysis of the protein coding sequence of prnp as well as the prnp promoter and intron 1 insertion-deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Orge
- a Laboratório de Patologia polos Benfica e Vairão; Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, IP ; Lisboa e Vairão , Portugal
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14
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Orge L, Oliveira A, Machado C, Lima C, Ochoa C, Silva J, Carvalho R, Tavares P, Almeida P, Ramos M, Pinto MJ, Simas JP. Putative emergence of classical scrapie in a background of enzootic atypical scrapie. J Gen Virol 2010; 91:1646-50. [PMID: 20164262 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.018879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Active transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) surveillance in small ruminants across Europe was implemented in 2002 following the epizootic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Here, we report the potential emergence of classical scrapie in Portugal, in a background of enzootic atypical scrapie. Between 2003 and 2008, 375,459 small ruminants were screened in total, with 328 animals confirmed positive for NOR98 atypical scrapie. During this period, the prevalence rate of atypical scrapie for all years combined was 0.0874% across the country. In this scenario, classical scrapie emerged as a single outbreak in 2008, with 12 identified cases. In contrast to other European countries, where classical scrapie has been enzootic for decades, these data indicate that, in Portugal, atypical scrapie is the predominant form of TSE. The findings reported here will have implications for the control of classical scrapie in Portugal, namely in terms of keeping the country free of enzootic classical scrapie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Orge
- Laboratório Nacional de Investigação Veterinária, Instituto Nacional de Recursos Biológicos, I. P., Portugal
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15
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Fediaevsky A, Maurella C, Nöremark M, Ingravalle F, Thorgeirsdottir S, Orge L, Poizat R, Hautaniemi M, Liam B, Calavas D, Ru G, Hopp P. The prevalence of atypical scrapie in sheep from positive flocks is not higher than in the general sheep population in 11 European countries. BMC Vet Res 2010; 6:9. [PMID: 20137097 PMCID: PMC2832631 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-6-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the last decade, active surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in small ruminants has been intensive in Europe. In many countries this has led to the detection of cases of atypical scrapie which, unlike classical scrapie, might not be contagious. EU legislation requires, that following detection of a scrapie case, control measures including further testing take place in affected flocks, including the culling of genotype susceptible to classical scrapie. This might result in the detection of additional cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of additional cases in flocks affected by atypical scrapie using surveillance data collected in Europe in order to ascertain whether atypical scrapie, is contagious. Results Questionnaires were used to collect, at national level, the results of active surveillance and testing associated with flock outbreaks in 12 European countries. The mean prevalence of atypical scrapie was 5.5 (5.0-6.0) cases per ten thousand in abattoir surveillance and 8.1 (7.3-9.0) cases per ten thousand in fallen stock. By using meta-analysis, on 11 out of the 12 countries, we found that the probability of detecting additional cases of atypical scrapie in positive flocks was similar to the probability observed in animals slaughtered for human consumption (odds ratio, OR = 1.07, CI95%: 0.70-1.63) or among fallen stock (OR = 0.78, CI95%: 0.51-1.2). In contrast, when comparing the two scrapie types, the probability of detecting additional cases in classical scrapie positive flocks was significantly higher than the probability of detecting additional cases in atypical scrapie positive flocks (OR = 32.4, CI95%: 20.7-50.7). Conclusions These results suggest that atypical scrapie is not contagious or has a very low transmissibility under natural conditions compared with classical scrapie. Furthermore this study stressed the importance of standardised data collection to make good use of the analyses undertaken by European countries in their efforts to control atypical and classical scrapie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Fediaevsky
- Section of epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute, PO Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
Experimental transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to sheep has prompted the implementation of a surveillance plan of scrapie in small ruminants by the European Union in all member states. Since its start over 30,000 animals have been tested, and the first seven cases of sheep with detectable PrP(res) deposition in the central nervous system have been identified in Portugal. Notably, the pattern of PrP(res) distribution in the brainstem was different from that previously described for scrapie and consistent in all seven animals. Moreover, the profile of the electrophoretic mobility of PrP(res) after proteinase K treatment was equivalent in all cases analysed but distinct from that observed for scrapie. Notably, four animals had genotypes rarely associated with scrapie, including one animal homozygous for A(136)R(154)R(171). There were no cases found to exhibit vacuolation, a pattern of PrP(res) distribution or PrP(res) electrophoretic mobility corresponding to scrapie. These data reveal a putative atypical scrapie strain in Portugal not linked to specific Prnp genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Orge
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
- Laboratório Nacional de Investigação Veterinária, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Galo
- Laboratório Nacional de Investigação Veterinária, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Machado
- Laboratório Nacional de Investigação Veterinária, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Lima
- Laboratório Nacional de Investigação Veterinária, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Ochoa
- Laboratório Nacional de Investigação Veterinária, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Silva
- Laboratório Nacional de Investigação Veterinária, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuel Ramos
- Laboratório Nacional de Investigação Veterinária, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Pedro Simas
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
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Orge L, Galo A, Sepúlveda N, Simas JP, Pires M. Scrapie genetic susceptibility in Portuguese sheep breeds. Vet Rec 2003; 153:508. [PMID: 14601805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
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18
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Orge L, Simas JP, Fernandes AC, Ramos M, Galo A. Similarity of the lesion profile of BSE in Portuguese cattle to that described in British cattle. Vet Rec 2000; 147:486-8. [PMID: 11093402 DOI: 10.1136/vr.147.17.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Orge
- National Laboratory for Veterinary Research, Lisbon, Portugal
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