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Kumar S, Talluri S, Zhao J, Liao C, Potluri LB, Buon L, Mu S, Shi J, Chakraborty C, Tai YT, Samur MK, Munshi NC, Shammas MA. ABL1 kinase plays an important role in spontaneous and chemotherapy-induced genomic instability in multiple myeloma. Blood 2024; 143:996-1005. [PMID: 37992230 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Genomic instability contributes to cancer progression and is at least partly due to dysregulated homologous recombination (HR). Here, we show that an elevated level of ABL1 kinase overactivates the HR pathway and causes genomic instability in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Inhibiting ABL1 with either short hairpin RNA or a pharmacological inhibitor (nilotinib) inhibits HR activity, reduces genomic instability, and slows MM cell growth. Moreover, inhibiting ABL1 reduces the HR activity and genomic instability caused by melphalan, a chemotherapeutic agent used in MM treatment, and increases melphalan's efficacy and cytotoxicity in vivo in a subcutaneous tumor model. In these tumors, nilotinib inhibits endogenous as well as melphalan-induced HR activity. These data demonstrate that inhibiting ABL1 using the clinically approved drug nilotinib reduces MM cell growth, reduces genomic instability in live cell fraction, increases the cytotoxicity of melphalan (and similar chemotherapeutic agents), and can potentially prevent or delay progression in patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Kumar
- The Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Srikanth Talluri
- The Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Jiangning Zhao
- The Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Chengcheng Liao
- The Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Lakshmi B Potluri
- The Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Leutz Buon
- The Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shidai Mu
- The Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Jialan Shi
- The Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Chandraditya Chakraborty
- The Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yu-Tzu Tai
- The Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mehmet K Samur
- The Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- The Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Masood A Shammas
- The Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
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Kumar S, Zhao J, Talluri S, Buon L, Mu S, Potluri LB, Liao C, Shi J, Chakraborty C, Gonzalez GB, Tai YT, Patel J, Pal J, Mashimo H, Samur MK, Munshi NC, Shammas MA. Elevated APE1 Dysregulates Homologous Recombination and Cell Cycle Driving Genomic Evolution, Tumorigenesis, and Chemoresistance in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:357-373. [PMID: 37178737 PMCID: PMC10524563 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The purpose of this study was to identify drivers of genomic evolution in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and other solid tumors. METHODS An integrated genomics strategy was used to identify deoxyribonucleases correlating with genomic instability (as assessed from total copy number events in each patient) in 6 cancers. Apurinic/apyrimidinic nuclease 1 (APE1), identified as the top gene in functional screens, was either suppressed in cancer cell lines or overexpressed in normal esophageal cells and the impact on genome stability and growth was monitored in vitro and in vivo. The impact on DNA and chromosomal instability was monitored using multiple approaches, including investigation of micronuclei, acquisition of single nucleotide polymorphisms, whole genome sequencing, and/or multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS Expression of 4 deoxyribonucleases correlated with genomic instability in 6 human cancers. Functional screens of these genes identified APE1 as the top candidate for further evaluation. APE1 suppression in EAC, breast, lung, and prostate cancer cell lines caused cell cycle arrest; impaired growth and increased cytotoxicity of cisplatin in all cell lines and types and in a mouse model of EAC; and inhibition of homologous recombination and spontaneous and chemotherapy-induced genomic instability. APE1 overexpression in normal cells caused a massive chromosomal instability, leading to their oncogenic transformation. Evaluation of these cells by means of whole genome sequencing demonstrated the acquisition of changes throughout the genome and identified homologous recombination as the top mutational process. CONCLUSIONS Elevated APE1 dysregulates homologous recombination and cell cycle, contributing to genomic instability, tumorigenesis, and chemoresistance, and its inhibitors have the potential to target these processes in EAC and possibly other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
| | - Jiangning Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
| | - Srikanth Talluri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
| | - Leutz Buon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shidai Mu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
| | - Lakshmi B Potluri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
| | - Chengcheng Liao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
| | - Jialan Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Gabriel B Gonzalez
- Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yu-Tzu Tai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jaymin Patel
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jagannath Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Hiroshi Mashimo
- Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mehmet K Samur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Masood A Shammas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts.
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Liao C, Talluri S, Zhao J, Mu S, Kumar S, Shi J, Buon L, Munshi NC, Shammas MA. RAD51 Is Implicated in DNA Damage, Chemoresistance and Immune Dysregulation in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225697. [PMID: 36428789 PMCID: PMC9688595 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In normal cells, homologous recombination (HR) is tightly regulated and plays an important role in the maintenance of genomic integrity and stability through precise repair of DNA damage. RAD51 is a recombinase that mediates homologous base pairing and strand exchange during DNA repair by HR. Our previous data in multiple myeloma and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) show that dysregulated HR mediates genomic instability. Purpose of this study was to investigate role of HR in genomic instability, chemoresistance and immune dysregulation in solid tumors including colon and breast cancers. METHODS The GEO dataset were used to investigate correlation of RAD51 expression with patient survival and expression of various immune markers in EAC, breast and colorectal cancers. RAD51 was inhibited in cancer cell lines using shRNAs and a small molecule inhibitor. HR activity was evaluated using a plasmid-based assay, DNA breaks assessed by evaluating expression of γ-H2AX (a marker of DNA breaks) and p-RPA32 (a marker of DNA end resection) using Western blotting. Genomic instability was monitored by investigating micronuclei (a marker of genomic instability). Impact of RAD51 inhibitor and/or a DNA-damaging agent was assessed on viability and apoptosis in EAC, breast and colon cancer cell lines in vitro and in a subcutaneous tumor model of EAC. Impact of RAD51 inhibitor on expression profile was monitored by RNA sequencing. RESULTS Elevated RAD51 expression correlated with poor survival of EAC, breast and colon cancer patients. RAD51 knockdown in cancer cell lines inhibited DNA end resection and strand exchange activity (key steps in the initiation of HR) as well as spontaneous DNA breaks, whereas its overexpression increased DNA breaks and genomic instability. Treatment of EAC, colon and breast cancer cell lines with a small molecule inhibitor of RAD51 inhibited DNA breaking agent-induced DNA breaks and genomic instability. RAD51 inhibitor potentiated cytotoxicity of DNA breaking agent in all cancer cell types tested in vitro as well as in a subcutaneous model of EAC. Evaluation by RNA sequencing demonstrated that DNA repair and cell cycle related pathways were induced by DNA breaking agent whereas their induction either prevented or reversed by RAD51 inhibitor. In addition, immune-related pathways such as PD-1 and Interferon Signaling were also induced by DNA breaking agent whereas their induction prevented by RAD51 inhibitor. Consistent with these observations, elevated RAD51 expression also correlated with that of genes involved in inflammation and other immune surveillance. CONCLUSIONS Elevated expression of RAD51 and associated HR activity is involved in spontaneous and DNA damaging agent-induced DNA breaks and genomic instability thus contributing to chemoresistance, immune dysregulation and poor prognosis in cancer. Therefore, inhibitors of RAD51 have great potential as therapeutic agents for EAC, colon, breast and probably other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Liao
- Department of Adult Oncology, Harvard (Dana Farber) Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- VA Health Care System, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Srikanth Talluri
- Department of Adult Oncology, Harvard (Dana Farber) Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- VA Health Care System, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jiangning Zhao
- Department of Adult Oncology, Harvard (Dana Farber) Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- VA Health Care System, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shidai Mu
- Department of Adult Oncology, Harvard (Dana Farber) Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- VA Health Care System, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Adult Oncology, Harvard (Dana Farber) Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- VA Health Care System, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jialan Shi
- Department of Adult Oncology, Harvard (Dana Farber) Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- VA Health Care System, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Leutz Buon
- Department of Adult Oncology, Harvard (Dana Farber) Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nikhil C. Munshi
- Department of Adult Oncology, Harvard (Dana Farber) Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- VA Health Care System, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Masood A. Shammas
- Department of Adult Oncology, Harvard (Dana Farber) Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- VA Health Care System, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence:
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Talluri S, Samur MK, Buon L, Kumar S, Potluri LB, Shi J, Prabhala RH, Shammas MA, Munshi NC. Dysregulated APOBEC3G causes DNA damage and promotes genomic instability in multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:166. [PMID: 34625538 PMCID: PMC8501035 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-021-00554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by significant genomic instability. Recently, a causal role for the AID/APOBEC deaminases in inducing somatic mutations in myeloma has been reported. We have identified APOBEC/AID as a prominent mutational signature at diagnosis with further increase at relapse in MM. In this study, we identified upregulation of several members of APOBEC3 family (A3A, A3B, A3C, and A3G) with A3G, as one of the most expressed APOBECs. We investigated the role of APOBEC3G in MM and observed that A3G expression and APOBEC deaminase activity is elevated in myeloma cell lines and patient samples. Loss-of and gain-of function studies demonstrated that APOBEC3G significantly contributes to increase in DNA damage (abasic sites and DNA breaks) in MM cells. Evaluation of the impact on genome stability, using SNP arrays and whole genome sequencing, indicated that elevated APOBEC3G contributes to ongoing acquisition of both the copy number and mutational changes in MM cells over time. Elevated APOBEC3G also contributed to increased homologous recombination activity, a mechanism that can utilize increased DNA breaks to mediate genomic rearrangements in cancer cells. These data identify APOBEC3G as a novel gene impacting genomic evolution and underlying mechanisms in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Talluri
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | | | - Leutz Buon
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Lakshmi B Potluri
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Jialan Shi
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Rao H Prabhala
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Masood A Shammas
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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5
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Kumar S, Buon L, Talluri S, Roncador M, Liao C, Zhao J, Shi J, Chakraborty C, Gonzalez G, Tai YT, Prabhala R, Samur MK, Munshi NC, Shammas MA. Integrated genomics and comprehensive validation reveal drivers of genomic evolution in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Commun Biol 2021; 4:617. [PMID: 34031527 PMCID: PMC8144613 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is associated with a marked genomic instability, which underlies disease progression and development of resistance to treatment. In this study, we used an integrated genomics approach to identify a genomic instability signature. Here we show that elevated expression of this signature correlates with poor survival in EAC as well as three other cancers. Knockout and overexpression screens establish the relevance of these genes to genomic instability. Indepth evaluation of three genes (TTK, TPX2 and RAD54B) confirms their role in genomic instability and tumor growth. Mutational signatures identified by whole genome sequencing and functional studies demonstrate that DNA damage and homologous recombination are common mechanisms of genomic instability induced by these genes. Our data suggest that the inhibitors of TTK and possibly other genes identified in this study have potential to inhibit/reduce growth and spontaneous as well as chemotherapy-induced genomic instability in EAC and possibly other cancers. Subodh Kumar et al. identify a gene signature correlated with genomic instability and poor survival in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), using a combination of integrative genomic analysis of patient data and laboratory validation in cell line models and mice. They find that inhibitors of some of the identified proteins, including TTK, could be used to reduce genomic evolution as well as inhibit growth of EAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Kumar
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leutz Buon
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Srikanth Talluri
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Chengcheng Liao
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiangning Zhao
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jialan Shi
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu-Tzu Tai
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rao Prabhala
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masood A Shammas
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Rambaldi B, Kim HT, Reynolds C, Chamling Rai S, Arihara Y, Kubo T, Buon L, Gooptu M, Koreth J, Cutler C, Nikiforow S, Ho VT, Alyea EP, Antin JH, Wu CJ, Soiffer RJ, Ritz J, Romee R. Impaired T- and NK-cell reconstitution after haploidentical HCT with posttransplant cyclophosphamide. Blood Adv 2021; 5:352-364. [PMID: 33496734 PMCID: PMC7839379 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) has significantly expanded the number of patients undergoing HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (haplo-HCT). To examine immune reconstitution in these patients, we monitored T- and natural killer (NK)-cell recovery in 60 patients receiving bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) grafts after haplo-HCT with PTCy and 35 patients receiving HLA-matched donor PBSC grafts with standard graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Compared with HLA-matched recipients, early T-cell recovery was delayed in haplo-HCT patients and skewed toward effector memory T cells with markedly reduced naive T cells. We found higher regulatory T (Treg)-cell/conventional T (Tcon)-cell ratios early after HCT and increased PD-1 expression on memory T cells. Within the haplo-HCT, patients who did not develop chronic GVHD (cGVHD) had higher PD-1 expression on central and effector memory CD4+ Treg cells at 1 month after transplant. These findings suggest an immunologic milieu that promotes immune tolerance in haplo-HCT patients. NK cells were decreased early after haplo-HCT with preferential expansion of immature CD56brightCD16- NK cells compared with matched donor transplants. One month after transplant, mass cytometry revealed enrichment of immature NK-cell metaclusters with high NKG2A, low CD57, and low killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor expression after haplo-HCT, which partially recovered 3 months post-HCT. At 2 months, immature NK cells from both groups were functionally impaired, but interleukin-15 priming corrected these defects in vitro. Increased immature/mature NK-cell ratios were associated with cytomegalovirus reactivation and increased incidence of cGVHD after haplo-HCT. These homeostatic imbalances in T- and NK-cell reconstitution after haplo-HCT reveal opportunities for early immune-based interventions to optimize clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Rambaldi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Department, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, University of Pavia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Haesook T Kim
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and
| | - Carol Reynolds
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sharmila Chamling Rai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yohei Arihara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tomohiro Kubo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Leutz Buon
- Department of BioInformatics and Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mahasweta Gooptu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - John Koreth
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Corey Cutler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sarah Nikiforow
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Vincent T Ho
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edwin P Alyea
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph H Antin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Robert J Soiffer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rizwan Romee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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7
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Pal J, Nanjappa P, Kumar S, Shi J, Buon L, Munshi NC, Shammas MA. Impact of RAD51C-mediated Homologous Recombination on Genomic Integrity in Barrett's Adenocarcinoma Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 6:2286-2295. [PMID: 29399538 PMCID: PMC5796564 DOI: 10.17554/j.issn.2224-3992.2017.06.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In normal cells, RAD51-mediated homologous recombination (HR) is a
precise DNA repair mechanism which plays a key role in the maintenance of
genomic integrity and stability. However, elevated (dysregulated) RAD51 is
implicated in genomic instability and is a potential target for treatment of
certain cancers, including Barrett’s adenocarcinoma (BAC). In this
study, we investigated genomic impact and translational significance of
moderate vs. strong suppression of RAD51 in BAC cells. METHODS BAC cells (FLO-1 and OE33) were transduced with non-targeting control
(CS) or RAD51-specific shRNAs, mediating a moderate (40–50%)
suppression or strong (80-near 100%) suppression of the gene. DNA
breaks, spontaneous or following exposure to DNA damaging agent, were
examined by comet assay and 53BP1 staining. Gene expression was monitored by
microarrays (Affymetrix). Homologous recombination (HR) and single strand
annealing (SSA) activities were measured using plasmid based assays. RESULTS We show that although moderate suppression consistenly
inhibits/reduces HR activity, the strong suppression is associated with
increase in HR activity (by ~15 – ≥ 50% in various
experiments), suggesting activation of RAD51-independent pathway. Contrary
to moderate suppression, a strong suppression of RAD51 is associated with a
significant induced DNA breaks as well as altered expression of genes
involved in detection/processing of DNA breaks and apoptosis. Stronger RAD51
suppression was also associated with mutagenic single strand annealing
mediated HR. Suppression of RAD51C inhibited RAD51-independent
(SSA-mediated) HR in BAC cells. CONCLUSION Elevated (dysregulated) RAD51 in BAC is implicated in both the repair
of DNA breaks as well as ongoing genomic rearrangements. Moderate
suppression of this gene reduces HR activity, whereas strong or near
complete suppression of this gene activates RAD51C-dependent HR involving a
mechanism known as single strand annealing (SSA). SSA-mediated HR, which is
a mutagenic HR pathway, further disrupts genomic integrity by increasing DNA
breaks in BAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagannath Pal
- Department of Adult Oncology, Harvard (Dana Farber) Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, the United States. VA Health Care System, West Roxbury, MA, the United States. Multi-disciplinary Research Units (MRUs), Pt J.N.M. Medical College, Raipur, CG, India
| | - Purushothama Nanjappa
- Department of Adult Oncology, Harvard (Dana Farber) Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, the United States. VA Health Care System, West Roxbury, MA, the United States
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Adult Oncology, Harvard (Dana Farber) Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, the United States. VA Health Care System, West Roxbury, MA, the United States
| | - Jialan Shi
- Department of Adult Oncology, Harvard (Dana Farber) Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, the United States. VA Health Care System, West Roxbury, MA, the United States. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, the United States
| | - Leutz Buon
- Department of Adult Oncology, Harvard (Dana Farber) Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, the United States
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Department of Adult Oncology, Harvard (Dana Farber) Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, the United States. VA Health Care System, West Roxbury, MA, the United States. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, the United States
| | - Masood A Shammas
- Department of Adult Oncology, Harvard (Dana Farber) Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, the United States. VA Health Care System, West Roxbury, MA, the United States
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Maalej H, Hmidet N, Boisset C, Buon L, Heyraud A, Nasri M. Optimization of exopolysaccharide production from Pseudomonas stutzeri
AS22 and examination of its metal-binding abilities. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 118:356-67. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Maalej
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie; Université de Sfax-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax; Sfax Tunisia
| | - N. Hmidet
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie; Université de Sfax-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax; Sfax Tunisia
| | - C. Boisset
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales; C.N.R.S.; Université Joseph Fourier; Grenoble Cedex France
| | - L. Buon
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales; C.N.R.S.; Université Joseph Fourier; Grenoble Cedex France
| | - A. Heyraud
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales; C.N.R.S.; Université Joseph Fourier; Grenoble Cedex France
| | - M. Nasri
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie; Université de Sfax-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax; Sfax Tunisia
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Pal J, Fulciniti M, Nanjappa P, Buon L, Tai YT, Tassone P, Munshi NC, Shammas MA. Targeting PI3K and RAD51 in Barrett's adenocarcinoma: impact on DNA damage checkpoints, expression profile and tumor growth. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2012; 9:55-66. [PMID: 22399496 PMCID: PMC5536098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT) signaling in cancer is implicated in various survival pathways including regulation of recombinase (RAD51). In this study, we evaluated PI3K and RAD51 as targets in Barrett's adenocarcinoma (BAC) cells both in vitro and in vivo. BAC cell lines (OE19, OE33, and FLO-1) were cultured in the presence of PI3K inhibitor (wortmannin) and the impact on growth and expression of AKT, phosphorylated-AKT (P-AKT), and RAD51 was determined. Wortmannin induced growth arrest and apoptosis in two BAC cell lines (OE33 and OE19), which had relatively higher expression of AKT. FLO-1 cells, with lower AKT expression, were less sensitive to treatment and investigated further. In FLO-1 cells, wortmannin suppressed ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR)-checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1)-mediated checkpoint and multiple DNA repair genes, whereas RAD51 and CHK2 were not affected. Western blotting confirmed that RAD51 was suppressed by wortmannin in OE33 and OE19 cells, but not in FLO-1 cells. Suppression of RAD51 in FLO-1 cells down-regulated the expression of CHK2 and CHK1, and reduced the proliferative potential. Finally, the suppression of RAD51 in FLO-1 cells, significantly increased the anticancer activity of wortmannin in these cells, both in vitro and in vivo. We show that PI3K signaling and hsRAD51, through distinct roles in DNA damage response and repair pathways, provide survival advantage to BAC cells. In cells with inherent low expression of AKT, RAD51 is unaffected by PI3K suppression and provides an additional survival pathway. Simultaneous suppression of PI3K and RAD51, especially in cells with lower AKT expression, can significantly reduce their proliferative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagannath Pal
- Department of Adult Oncology, Harvard (Dana Farber) Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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McMillin DW, Jacobs HM, Delmore JE, Buon L, Hunter ZR, Monrose V, Yu J, Smith PG, Richardson PG, Anderson KC, Treon SP, Kung AL, Mitsiades CS. Molecular and cellular effects of NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibition in myeloma. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:942-51. [PMID: 22246439 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The NEDD8-activating enzyme is upstream of the 20S proteasome in the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway and catalyzes the first step in the neddylation pathway. NEDD8 modification of cullins is required for ubiquitination of cullin-ring ligases that regulate degradation of a distinct subset of proteins. The more targeted impact of NEDD8-activating enzyme on protein degradation prompted us to study MLN4924, an investigational NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor, in preclinical multiple myeloma models. In vitro treatment with MLN4924 led to dose-dependent decrease of viability (EC(50) = 25-150 nmol/L) in a panel of human multiple myeloma cell lines. MLN4924 was similarly active against a bortezomib-resistant ANBL-6 subline and its bortezomib-sensitive parental cells. MLN4924 had submicromolar activity (EC(50) values <500 nmol/L) against primary CD138(+) multiple myeloma patient cells and exhibited at least additive effect when combined with dexamethasone, doxorubicin, and bortezomib against MM.1S cells. The bortezomib-induced compensatory upregulation of transcripts for ubiquitin/proteasome was not observed with MLN4924 treatment, suggesting distinct functional roles of NEDD8-activating enzyme versus 20S proteasome. MLN4924 was well tolerated at doses up to 60 mg/kg 2× daily and significantly reduced tumor burden in both a subcutaneous and an orthotopic mouse model of multiple myeloma. These studies provide the framework for the clinical investigation of MLN4924 in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W McMillin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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11
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Pal J, Bertheau R, Buon L, Qazi A, Batchu RB, Bandyopadhyay S, Ali-Fehmi R, Beer DG, Weaver DW, Shmookler Reis RJ, Goyal RK, Huang Q, Munshi NC, Shammas MA. Genomic evolution in Barrett's adenocarcinoma cells: critical roles of elevated hsRAD51, homologous recombination and Alu sequences in the genome. Oncogene 2011; 30:3585-98. [PMID: 21423218 PMCID: PMC3406293 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A prominent feature of most cancers including Barrett's adenocarcinoma (BAC) is genetic instability, which is associated with development and progression of disease. In this study, we investigated the role of recombinase (hsRAD51), a key component of homologous recombination (HR)/repair, in evolving genomic changes and growth of BAC cells. We show that the expression of RAD51 is elevated in BAC cell lines and tissue specimens, relative to normal cells. HR activity is also elevated and significantly correlates with RAD51 expression in BAC cells. The suppression of RAD51 expression, by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) specifically targeting this gene, significantly prevented BAC cells from acquiring genomic changes to either copy number or heterozygosity (P<0.02) in several independent experiments employing single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays. The reduction in copy-number changes, following shRNA treatment, was confirmed by Comparative Genome Hybridization analyses of the same DNA samples. Moreover, the chromosomal distributions of mutations correlated strongly with frequencies and locations of Alu interspersed repetitive elements on individual chromosomes. We conclude that the hsRAD51 protein level is systematically elevated in BAC, contributes significantly to genomic evolution during serial propagation of these cells and correlates with disease progression. Alu sequences may serve as substrates for elevated HR during cell proliferation in vitro, as they have been reported to do during the evolution of species, and thus may provide additional targets for prevention or treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pal
- Department of Adult Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02132, USA
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McMillin DW, Delmore J, Negri J, Buon L, Jacobs HM, Laubach J, Jakubikova J, Ooi M, Hayden P, Schlossman R, Munshi NC, Lengauer C, Richardson PG, Anderson KC, Mitsiades CS. Molecular and cellular effects of multi-targeted cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition in myeloma: biological and clinical implications. Br J Haematol 2011; 152:420-32. [PMID: 21223249 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08427.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle regulators, such as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), are appealing targets for multiple myeloma (MM) therapy given the increased proliferative rates of tumour cells in advanced versus early stages of MM. We hypothesized that a multi-targeted CDK inhibitor with a different spectrum of activity compared to existing CDK inhibitors could trigger distinct molecular sequelae with therapeutic implications for MM. We therefore studied the small molecule heterocyclic compound NVP-LCQ195/AT9311 (LCQ195), which inhibits CDK1, CDK2 and CDK5, as well as CDK3 and CDK9. LCQ195 induced cell cycle arrest and eventual apoptotic cell death of MM cells, even at sub-μmol/l concentrations, spared non-malignant cells, and overcame the protection conferred to MM cells by stroma or cytokines of the bone marrow milieu. In MM cells, LCQ195 triggered decreased amplitude of transcriptional signatures associated with oncogenesis, drug resistance and stem cell renewal, including signatures of activation of key transcription factors for MM cells e.g. myc, HIF-1α, IRF4. Bortezomib-treated MM patients whose tumours had high baseline expression of genes suppressed by LCQ195 had significantly shorter progression-free and overall survival than those with low levels of these transcripts in their MM cells. These observations provide insight into the biological relevance of multi-targeted CDK inhibition in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W McMillin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
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Ooi MG, Hayden PJ, Kotoula V, McMillin DW, Charalambous E, Daskalaki E, Raje NS, Munshi NC, Chauhan D, Hideshima T, Buon L, Clynes M, O'Gorman P, Richardson PG, Mitsiades CS, Anderson KC, Mitsiades N. Interactions of the Hdm2/p53 and proteasome pathways may enhance the antitumor activity of bortezomib. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:7153-60. [PMID: 19934289 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE p53 is inactivated in many human malignancies through missense mutations or overexpression of the human homologue of Mdm2 (Hdm2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that ubiquitinates p53, thereby promoting its proteasomal degradation. The cis-imidazoline nutlin-3 can disrupt the p53-Hdm2 interaction and activate p53, inducing apoptosis in vitro in many malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We hypothesized that suppression of Hdm2-mediated p53 ubiquitination may augment sequelae of p53 accumulation caused by proteasomal inhibition. We compared the response of MM cells versus several epithelial cancer models to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in combination with nutlin-3. RESULTS The combination of sublethal concentrations of bortezomib plus nutlin-3 induced additive cytotoxicity against bortezomib-sensitive MM cell lines. Importantly, however, in breast, prostate, colon, and thyroid (papillary, follicular, anaplastic, and medullary) carcinoma cell lines, this combination triggered synergistic cytotoxicity, and increased expression of p53, p21, Hdm2, Bax, Noxa, PUMA, and cleavage of caspase-3 and poly ADP ribose polymerase. Coculture with bone marrow stromal cells attenuated MM cell sensitivity to nutlin-3 monotherapy and was associated with evidence of suppression of p53 activity in MM cells, whereas combined bortezomib-nutlin-3 treatment maintained cytotoxicity even in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells. CONCLUSIONS This differential response of MM versus epithelial carcinomas to combination of nutlin-3 with bortezomib sheds new light on the role of p53 in bortezomib-induced apoptosis. Concurrent Hdm2 inhibition with bortezomib may extend the spectrum of bortezomib applications to malignancies with currently limited sensitivity to single-agent bortezomib or, in the future, to MM patients with decreased clinical responsiveness to bortezomib-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa G Ooi
- Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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