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Liu CL, Zhou T, Cheng LB, Fisher D, Pronyuk K, Musabaev E, Dang YP, Zhao L. The History of Controlling and Treating Infectious Diseases in Ancient China. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:64-70. [PMID: 38393523 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-024-2831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are the common enemies of mankind. In the course of historical development, they persistently threaten human health and safety. Even today, despite the developments in medical science, we cannot escape the fear and suffering caused by infectious diseases. Whether in ancient or modern times, the source of infection, route of transmission, and a susceptible population are the three key conditions for the prevalence and spread of infectious diseases. All factors closely related to these three conditions can affect the prevalence of infectious diseases. China is one of the cradles of world civilization. The ancient people accumulated a great deal of experience and lessons in the long struggle against infectious diseases. In the face of the current threat posed by widespread infectious disease, it is imperative to review and summarize ancient Chinese ideas and health policies on epidemic prevention and control to inspire contemporary efforts in the prevention and control of infectious disease. The combination of prevention-oriented epidemic prevention ideology and traditional medicine provides valuable insights, especially for impoverished and medically underserved regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Ling Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Huanggang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Liang-Bin Cheng
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
- Department of Liver Diseases, Hubei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - David Fisher
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Khrystyna Pronyuk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, 02132, Ukraine
| | - Erkin Musabaev
- The Research Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health, Tashkent, 100122, Uzbekistan
| | - Yi-Ping Dang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Ding Y, Xu J, Cheng LB, Huang YQ, Wang YQ, Li H, Li Y, Ji JY, Zhang JH, Zhao L. Effect of Emodin on Coxsackievirus B3m-Mediated Encephalitis in Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease by Inhibiting Toll-Like Receptor 3 Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:443-455. [PMID: 32115640 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Encephalitis in hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a serious threat to children's health and life. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is an innate immune-recognition receptor that can recognize virus and initiate innate immune responses. Emodin has the effects of anti-inflammatory and regulating immune function, but the mechanism is not very clear. METHODS Cells and mice were pretreated with coxsackievirus B3m (CVB3) and treated with emodin. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein levels of TLR3 and downstream molecules were detected by quantitative real-time polymearse chain reaction and western blotting analysis, respectively. TLR3 expression was also downregulated by anti-TLR3 antibody (TLR3Ab) or small interfering RNA (siRNA). Pathological changes were assessed with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of TLR3 in brain tissues. The expression of interleukin (IL)-6, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and interferon (IFN)-β in serum were tested with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Emodin decreased the mRNA and protein levels of TLR3 and downstream molecules in vitro and in vivo. After downregulating TLR3 using anti-TLR3Ab or siRNA, emodin could still decrease the mRNA and protein levels of TLR3 and downstream molecules. Emodin also displayed notable effects on pathology, TLR3 protein in brain tissues, and expression of IL-6, NF-κB, IFN-β, in serum. CONCLUSIONS Emodin exerts a protective effect in CVB3-mediated encephalitis in HFMD by inhibiting the TLR3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatology, Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Bin Cheng
- Department of Liver Diseases, Hubei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qian Huang
- Department of Neurology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Qin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yu Ji
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Hong Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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Cai Y, Zhan L, Zhang CZ, Wang XD, Lu DB, Cheng LB, Xu HL, Wang XS. [Effect of Gleditsia sinesis extract on miRNA21 and PTEN gene in liver cancer rat]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2018; 26:142-144. [PMID: 29804382 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Cai
- Clinical Medical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China; Department of Hepatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - L Zhan
- Department of Hepatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - C Z Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China; Department of Hepatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - X D Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - D B Lu
- Department of Hepatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - L B Cheng
- Department of Hepatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - H L Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - X S Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430000, China
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Abstract
beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta-ELI) was measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 36 acute head-injured patients and 12 patients without head injury as controls. The mean level of beta-ELI in CSF of controls, mild cerebral contusions, and severe cerebral contusion patients were 51.9 +/- 5.6 pg/ml, 110.5 +/- 14.5 pg/ml, and 173.8 +/- 20.1 pg/ml respectively, with significant difference between them. The results also showed that beta-ELI may reflect the prognosis of acute head-injured patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Zheng Hospital, Second Military Medical College, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Several dipeptides have been separated into stereoisomers (enantiomers, diastereomers, sequential isomers) by gas chromatography on Chirasil-Val. Sufficiently volatile N-trifluoroacetyl dipeptide methyl esters were formed at ambient temperature, thus avoiding racemization (or epimerization, respectively, and cleavage of the peptide bond. This method is suitable for ascertaining the stereoisomeric composition of dipeptides in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Koppenhoefer
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität, Tübingen, F.R.G
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