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Hsu LI, Lim KW, Lai YH, Chen CS, Chou LW. Effects of Muscle Fatigue and Recovery on the Neuromuscular Network after an Intermittent Handgrip Fatigue Task: Spectral Analysis of Electroencephalography and Electromyography Signals. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2440. [PMID: 36904641 PMCID: PMC10007140 DOI: 10.3390/s23052440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying exercise-induced muscle fatigue and recovery are dependent on peripheral changes at the muscle level and improper control of motoneurons by the central nervous system. In this study, we analyzed the effects of muscle fatigue and recovery on the neuromuscular network through the spectral analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) signals. A total of 20 healthy right-handed volunteers performed an intermittent handgrip fatigue task. In the prefatigue, postfatigue, and postrecovery states, the participants contracted a handgrip dynamometer with sustained 30% maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs); EEG and EMG data were recorded. A considerable decrease was noted in EMG median frequency in the postfatigue state compared with the findings in other states. Furthermore, the EEG power spectral density of the right primary cortex exhibited a prominent increase in the gamma band. Muscle fatigue led to increases in the beta and gamma bands of contralateral and ipsilateral corticomuscular coherence, respectively. Moreover, a decrease was noted in corticocortical coherence between the bilateral primary motor cortices after muscle fatigue. EMG median frequency may serve as an indicator of muscle fatigue and recovery. Coherence analysis revealed that fatigue reduced the functional synchronization among bilateral motor areas but increased that between the cortex and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-I Hsu
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 25160, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wen Lim
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hui Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation & Translation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Sheng Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Chou
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
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Lu YC, Hsu LI, Lin CF, Hsu CP, Chang TK, Cheng CC, Huang CH. Biomechanical characteristics of self-expanding sinus stents during crimping and deployment_A comparison between different biomaterials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105669. [PMID: 36634436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Self-expanding sinus stents are often used in functional endoscopic sinus surgery to treat inflamed sinuses. The PROPEL self-expanding sinus stent offers mechanical support to the sinus cavity to prevent restenosis. The stent is made of a bioabsorbable material (PLGA) that disappears after wound healing. However, complications such as foreign body sensation and severe stent migration/expulsion have been reported after implantation. Little is known about the contact characteristics of self-expanding sinus stents from when the stent is crimped into the insertion device through to deployment into the sinus cavity. This current study developed a test platform to analyze the biomechanical behavior of the stent during this process. Three common bioabsorbable materials, PLGA, PCL and Mg alloy, were evaluated to understand how the choice of material affects the biomechanical characteristics of self-expanding sinus stents. The results showed that the material can have a considerable influence on the contact characteristics during crimping and deployment. When crimped, the PLGA and Mg alloy stents showed much higher plastic strain and contact stress than the PCL stent. When deployed, the PCL stent had the largest contact area (4.3 mm2) and the lowest contact pressure (0.1 MPa) on the inner surface of the sinus canal. The results indicate that PCL could be a suitable choice for self-expanding sinus stents. This current study provides a method for observing the biomechanical characteristics of sinus stents during stent crimping and deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chang Lu
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin-I Hsu
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Pin Hsu
- High Speed 3D Printing Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Kuo Chang
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chih Cheng
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Industry Technology and Development Center, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hung Huang
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Aims The material and design of knee components can have a considerable effect on the contact characteristics of the tibial post. This study aimed to analyze the stress distribution on the tibial post when using different grades of polyethylene for the tibial inserts. In addition, the contact properties of fixed-bearing and mobile-bearing inserts were evaluated. Methods Three different grades of polyethylene were compared in this study; conventional ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE), and vitamin E-stabilized polyethylene (VEPE). In addition, tibial baseplates with a fixed-bearing and a mobile-bearing insert were evaluated to understand differences in the contact properties. The inserts were implanted in neutral alignment and with a 10° internal malrotation. The contact stress, von Mises stress, and equivalent plastic strain (PEEQ) on the tibial posts were extracted for comparison. Results The stress and strain on the tibial post for the three polyethylenes greatly increased when the insert was placed in malrotation, showing a 38% to 56% increase in von Mises stress and a 335% to 434% increase in PEEQ. The VEPE insert had the lowest PEEQ among the three materials. The mobile-bearing design exhibited a lower increase in stress and strain around the tibial posts than the fixed-bearing design. Conclusion Using VEPE for the tibial component potentially eliminates the risk of material permanent deformation. The mobile-bearing insert can help to avoid a dramatic increase in plastic strain around the tibial post in cases of malrotation. The mobility allows the pressure to be distributed on the tibial post and demonstrated lower stresses with all three polyethylenes simulated. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(11):768–777.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hung Huang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Geriatric Welfare Technology and Science, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chang Lu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin-I Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Jong Liau
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Kuo Chang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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Huang CH, Hsu LI, Chang TK, Chuang TY, Shih SL, Lu YC, Chen CS, Huang CH. Stress distribution of the patellofemoral joint in the anatomic V-shape and curved dome-shape femoral component: a comparison of resurfaced and unresurfaced patellae. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2017; 25:263-271. [PMID: 25539687 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-014-3485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whether to resurface the patella in knee replacement remains a controversial issue. The geometrical design of the trochlear groove in the femoral component could play an important role in determining the stress distribution on the patellofemoral joint, but this has not been sufficiently reported on. This study attempted to determine the effect of implant design on contact mechanics by means of a finite element method. METHODS Two designs, an anatomical V-shape design (VSD) and a dome-shape design (DSD), for the anterior trochlear surface in a contemporary femoral component were chosen for examining the contact characteristics. The use and absence of patella resurfacing was simulated. The stress and strain distribution on the patellar bone and the polyethylene component were calculated for comparison. RESULTS Without patellar resurfacing, the maximal compressive strain in the patellar bone in the VSD model was about 20 % lower than the DSD model. On the other hand, with resurfacing, the maximal strain for the VSD model was 13.3 % greater than for DSD. Uneven stress distribution at the bone-implant interface was also noted for the two designs. CONCLUSION The femoral component with a V-shape trochlear groove reduced the compressive strain on the unresurfaced patella. If resurfacing the patella, the femoral component with a curved domed-shape design might reduce the strain in the remaining patellar bone. Uneven stress could occur at the bone-implant interface, so design modifications for improving fixation strength and medialization of the patellar button would be helpful in reducing the risk of peg fracture or loosening. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hung Huang
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 45, Mingsheng Rd, Tamshui District, New Taipei City, 25160, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nung St., Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin-I Hsu
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 45, Mingsheng Rd, Tamshui District, New Taipei City, 25160, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Kuo Chang
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 45, Mingsheng Rd, Tamshui District, New Taipei City, 25160, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yuan Chuang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Liang Shih
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nung St., Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhong-Xing Branch of Taipei-City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chang Lu
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 45, Mingsheng Rd, Tamshui District, New Taipei City, 25160, Taiwan. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Sheng Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nung St., Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Hsiung Huang
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 45, Mingsheng Rd, Tamshui District, New Taipei City, 25160, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lu YC, Chang TK, Yeh ST, Fang HW, Lin CY, Hsu LI, Huang CH, Huang CH. The potential role of strontium ranelate in treating particle-induced osteolysis. Acta Biomater 2015; 20:147-154. [PMID: 25841346 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear-particle-induced osteolysis is one of the major issues affecting the long-term survival of total joint prostheses. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic options to prevent osteolysis from occurring. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of strontium ranelate (SR) in reducing the risk of particle-induced osteolysis. Forty-eight C57BL/6J ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particle-induced murine calvarial osteolysis models were used. The mice were randomized into four groups as: sham (Group 1), UHMWPE particles (Group 2), and SR with UHMWPE particles (Group 3 and Group 4). Groups 1 to 3 were sacrificed at two weeks and group 4 was sacrificed at the fourth week. The skulls were then analyzed with a high-resolution micro-CT. Histological evaluation was then conducted and osteoclast numbers were analyzed for comparison. Based on the micro-CT, percentage bone volume and trabecular thickness were found to be significantly higher in Group 4 than in Group 2 (p<0.001). Osteoclast numbers in SR treated groups (Group 3 and Group 4) were reduced when compared to groups that did not receive SR treatment (Group 2). These results indicated that SR treatment helps to increase bone volume percentage and trabecular thickness and also suppresses osteoclast proliferation. It is suggested that oral SR treatment could serve as an alternative therapy for preventing particle-induced osteolysis.
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Wang CH, Chen CL, Hsiao CK, Chiang FT, Hsu LI, Chiou HY, Hsueh YM, Wu MM, Chen CJ. Increased risk of QT prolongation associated with atherosclerotic diseases in arseniasis-endemic area in southwestern coast of Taiwan. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 239:320-4. [PMID: 19573547 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic arsenic exposure has been documented to be associated with various cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate 1) the increased risk of QT prolongation in chronic arsenic exposure, and 2) the relationships of cardiac repolarization (QT interval duration) with ischemic heart disease and carotid atherosclerosis. We studied 280 men and 355 women living in the endemic area of arseniasis in southwestern Taiwan. QT intervals in electrocardiogram and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) by ultrasonography were measured. Ischemic heart disease was diagnosed by history or abnormal electrocardiogram. Significant associations of the corrected QT interval (QTc) duration with ischemic heart disease and carotid intima-medium thickness and plaque were observed after adjustment for various risk factors in the multiple linear regression analysis (all p values <0.05). Three indices of chronic arsenic exposure were all significantly associated with the risk of QTc prolongation showing dose-response relationships (p<0.001). Chronic arsenic exposure was dose-dependently associated with the risk of QTc prolongation. Ischemic heart disease and carotid atherosclerosis were significantly associated with QTc intervals in chronic arsenic exposure. QTc prolongation might be suggested as an early biomarker for ischemic heart disease or carotid atherosclerosis in population with previous exposure to arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang CH, Hsiao CK, Chen CL, Hsu LI, Chiou HY, Chen SY, Hsueh YM, Wu MM, Chen CJ. A review of the epidemiologic literature on the role of environmental arsenic exposure and cardiovascular diseases. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2006; 222:315-26. [PMID: 17433393 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2006.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2006] [Revised: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 12/19/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Arsenic is a ubiquitous metalloid in the crust of the earth. Chronic arsenic poisoning is becoming an emerging epidemic in Asia. Epidemiological studies have shown that chronic arsenic poisoning through ingestion of arsenic-contaminated water is associated with various cardiovascular diseases in dose-response relationships. These cardiovascular disorders include carotid atherosclerosis detected by ultrasonography, impaired microcirculation, prolonged QT interval and increased QT dispersion in electrocardiography, and clinical outcomes such as hypertension, blackfoot disease (a unique peripheral vascular disease endemic in southwestern Taiwan), coronary artery disease and cerebral infarction. Chronic arsenic poisoning is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The adverse cardiovascular effects of long-term arsenic exposure may be persistent and/or irreversible. Arsenic-induced cardiovascular diseases in human population may result from the interaction among genetic, environment and nutritional factors. The major adverse cardiovascular effect of chronic arsenic poisoning has been established qualitatively and quantitatively in the high arsenic exposure areas, but the low-dose effect of arsenic on cardiovascular diseases remains to be explored. Cardiovascular death is the major cause of mortality worldwide, and a small increased risk may imply a large quantity of excess mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardinal Tien Hospital and College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen CJ, Hsu LI, Wang CH, Shih WL, Hsu YH, Tseng MP, Lin YC, Chou WL, Chen CY, Lee CY, Wang LH, Cheng YC, Chen CL, Chen SY, Wang YH, Hsueh YM, Chiou HY, Wu MM. Biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility of arsenic-induced health hazards in Taiwan. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005; 206:198-206. [PMID: 15967209 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2004.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2004] [Accepted: 10/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to inorganic arsenic from drinking water has been documented to induce cancers and vascular diseases in a dose-response relationship. A series of molecular environmental epidemiological studies have been carried out to elucidate biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility for arsenic-related health hazards in Taiwan. Arsenic levels in urine, hair, and nail are biomarkers for short-term (<1 year) internal dose, skin hyperpigmentation and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis are for long-term (many years) internal dose, and percentage of monomethylarsonic acid in total metabolites of inorganic arsenic in urine may be considered as an exposure marker for biologically effective dose. The biomarkers of early biological effects of ingested inorganic arsenic included blood levels of reactive oxidants and anti-oxidant capacity, genetic expression of inflammatory molecules, as well as cytogenetic changes including sister chromatid exchange, micronuclei, and chromosome aberrations of peripheral lymphocytes. Both mutation type and hot spots of p53 gene were significantly different in arsenic-induced and non-arsenic-induced TCCs. The frequency of chromosomal imbalances analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization and the frequency of loss of heterozygosity were significantly higher in arsenic-induced TCC than non-arsenic-induced TCC at specific sites. Biomarkers of susceptibility to arsenic-induced health hazards included genetic polymorphisms of enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, DNA repair, and oxidative stress, as well as serum level of carotenoids. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions are involved in arsenic-induced health hazards through toxicological mechanisms including genomic instability and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen-Ai Road Section1, Taipei 10018, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chen CL, Hsu LI, Chiou HY, Hsueh YM, Chen SY, Wu MM, Chen CJ. Ingested arsenic, cigarette smoking, and lung cancer risk: a follow-up study in arseniasis-endemic areas in Taiwan. JAMA 2004; 292:2984-90. [PMID: 15613666 DOI: 10.1001/jama.292.24.2984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Arsenic has been documented as a lung carcinogen in humans in only a few follow-up studies, which were limited by a small number of cases or the lack of information on cigarette smoking. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the dose-response relationship between ingested arsenic and lung cancer and to assess the effect of cigarette smoking on the arsenic-lung cancer association. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 2503 residents in southwestern and 8088 in northeastern arseniasis-endemic areas in Taiwan were followed up for an average period of 8 years. Information on arsenic exposure, cigarette smoking, and other risk factors was collected at enrollment through standardized questionnaire interview. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The incidence of lung cancer was ascertained through linkage with national cancer registry profiles in Taiwan (January 1985-December 2000). The joint effect of arsenic and cigarette smoking was estimated by both etiologic fraction and synergy index. RESULTS There were 139 newly diagnosed lung cancer cases during a follow-up period of 83,783 person-years. After adjustment for cigarette smoking and other risk factors, there was a monotonic trend of lung cancer risk by arsenic level in drinking water of less than 10 to 700 microg/L or more (P<.001). The relative risk was 3.29 (95% confidence interval, 1.60-6.78) for the highest arsenic level compared with the lowest. The etiologic fraction of lung cancer attributable to the joint exposure of ingested arsenic and cigarette smoking ranged from 32% to 55%. The synergy indices ranged from 1.62 to 2.52, indicating a synergistic effect of ingested arsenic and cigarette smoking on lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant dose-response trend of ingested arsenic on lung cancer risk, which was more prominent among cigarette smokers. The risk assessment of lung cancer induced by ingested arsenic should take cigarette smoking into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to ingested arsenic has been documented to induce peripheral vascular disease, ischemic heart disease, and cerebral infarction in a dose-response relationship. This study further examined the biological gradient between ingested inorganic arsenic and carotid atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 199 male and 264 female adult residents from the southwestern area of endemic arseniasis in Taiwan. The extent of carotid atherosclerosis was assessed by duplex ultrasonography. Diabetes mellitus was determined by oral glucose tolerance test, hypertension by mercury sphygmomanometers, and serum lipid profiles by autoanalyzers. Information regarding the consumption of high-arsenic artesian well water, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption was obtained through standardized questionnaire interviews. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio and its 95% CI of carotid atherosclerosis for various risk factors. Three indices of long-term exposure to ingested arsenic, including the duration of consuming artesian well water, the average arsenic concentration in consumed artesian well water, and cumulative arsenic exposure, were all significantly associated with prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis in a dose-response relationship. The biological gradient remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, waist-to-hip ratio, and serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio was 3.1 (95% CI 1.3 to 7.4) for those who had a cumulative arsenic exposure of > or =20 mg/L-years compared with those without exposure to arsenic from drinking artesian well water. CONCLUSIONS Carotid atherosclerosis is associated with ingested inorganic arsenic, showing a significant biological gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Wang
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University
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Hsieh FI, Pu YS, Chern HD, Hsu LI, Chiou HY, Chen CJ. Genetic polymorphisms of N-acetyltransferase 1 and 2 and risk of cigarette smoking-related bladder cancer. Br J Cancer 1999; 81:537-41. [PMID: 10507782 PMCID: PMC2362925 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/1998] [Revised: 02/21/1999] [Accepted: 03/02/1999] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatic amines from cigarette smoking or occupational exposure, recognized risk factors for bladder cancer, are metabolized by N-acetyltransferases (NAT). This study examined the association of (NAT) 1 and 2 genotypes with the risk of smoking-related bladder cancer. A total of 74 pathologically confirmed bladder cancer patients and 184 controls were serially recruited from the National Taiwan University Hospital. History of cigarette smoking and other risk factors for bladder cancer was obtained through standardized questionnaire interview. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were collected from each subject and genotyped for NAT1 and NAT2 by DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Allele frequency distributions of NAT1 and NAT2 were similar between cases and controls. There was a significant dose-response relationship between the risk of bladder cancer and the quantity and duration of cigarette smoking. The biological gradients were significant among subjects carrying NAT1*10 allele or NAT2 slow acetylators, but not among NAT2 rapid acetylators without NAT1*10 allele. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that NAT1 and NAT2 might modulate the susceptibility to bladder cancer associated with cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- F I Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chiou HY, Hsueh YM, Hsieh LL, Hsu LI, Hsu YH, Hsieh FI, Wei ML, Chen HC, Yang HT, Leu LC, Chu TH, Chen-Wu C, Yang MH, Chen CJ. Arsenic methylation capacity, body retention, and null genotypes of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 among current arsenic-exposed residents in Taiwan. Mutat Res 1997; 386:197-207. [PMID: 9219558 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5742(97)00005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to elucidate the relationships among arsenic methylation capacity, body retention, and genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 and T1, a total of 115 study subjects were recruited from Lanyang Basin located on the northeast coast of Taiwan. Specimens of drinking water, blood, urine, hair and toenail were collected from each study subject. Urinary inorganic and methylated arsenic were speciated by high performance liquid chromatography combined with hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Arsenic concentration in hair and toenail were quantitated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The polymerase chain reaction was used to determine genetic polymorphisms of GST M1 and T1. Arsenic concentrations in urine, hair, and toenail of study subjects were positively correlated with arsenic levels in their drinking water. Percentages of various arsenic species in urine (mean +/- standard error (SE) were 11.8 +/- 1.0, 26.9 +/- 1.2 and 61.3 +/- 1.4, respectively, for inorganic arsenic, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Men and women had similar arsenic methylation capability. No associations were observed between arsenic methylation capability and arsenic content in either drinking water or urine. Ratios of arsenic contents in hair and toenail to urinary arsenic content (mean +/- standard error) were 6.2 +/- 0.7 and 16.5 +/- 1.7, respectively. Genetic polymorphisms of GST M1 and T1 were significantly associated with arsenic methylation. Subjects having the null genotype of GST M1 had an increased percentage of inorganic arsenic in urine, while those with null genotype of GST T1 had an elevated percentage of DMA in urine. Arsenic contents in hair and toenail were significantly correlated with the increase in arsenic concentrations of drinking water and urine, while no significant associations were observed between arsenic contents in hair and toenail and polymorphisms of GST M1 and T1. The relationship between arsenic methylation capability and body retention was modified by genetic polymorphisms of GST M1 and T1. Arsenic contents in hair and toenail were negatively associated with MMA percentage and positively associated with DMA percentage among subjects having null genotypes of GST M1 and T1, but not among those with non-null genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Chiou
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical College, Taiwan
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