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Tian LY, Smit DJ, Popova NV, Horn S, Velasquez LN, Huber S, Jücker M. All Three AKT Isoforms Can Upregulate Oxygen Metabolism and Lactate Production in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2168. [PMID: 38396845 PMCID: PMC10889766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the main pathological type of liver cancer, is related to risk factors such as viral hepatitis, alcohol intake, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The constitutive activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is common in HCC and has essential involvement in tumor progression. The serine/threonine kinase AKT has several downstream substrates, which have been implicated in the regulation of cellular metabolism. However, the contribution of each of the three AKT isoforms, i.e., AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3, to HCC metabolism has not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, we analyzed the functional role of AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3 in HCC metabolism. The overexpression of activated AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3 isoforms in the human HCC cell lines Hep3B and Huh7 resulted in higher oxygen consumption rate (OCR), ATP production, maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity in comparison to vector-transduced cells. Vice versa, lentiviral vector-mediated knockdowns of each AKT isoform reduced OCR in both cell lines. Reduced OCR rates observed in the three AKT isoform knockdowns were associated with reduced extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) and reduced lactate production in both analyzed cell lines. Mechanistically, the downregulation of OCR by AKT isoform knockdowns correlated with an increased phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase on Ser232, which negatively regulates the activity of this crucial gatekeeper of mitochondrial respiration. In summary, our data indicate that each of the three AKT isoforms is able to upregulate OCR, ECAR and lactate production independently of each other in human HCC cells through the regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Tian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.-Y.T.); (D.J.S.); (N.V.P.)
- Beijing Key Surgical Basic Research Laboratory of Liver Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Daniel J. Smit
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.-Y.T.); (D.J.S.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Nadezhda V. Popova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.-Y.T.); (D.J.S.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Stefan Horn
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Lis Noelia Velasquez
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.N.V.); (S.H.)
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.N.V.); (S.H.)
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.-Y.T.); (D.J.S.); (N.V.P.)
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Xia BC, Sun JG, Huang SL, Tian LY, Zhu YH, Pi GF. [Efficacy comparison of zero-profile intervertebral fusion and stand-alone interbody cage combined with cage-titanium plate construct in treatment of two-segment skip cervical spondylosis]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 102:1450-1457. [PMID: 35599410 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20220128-00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the difference in clinical efficacy between zero-profile interbody fusion (ROI-C) and stand-alone interbody cage combined with cage-titanium plate construct for patient with two-segment skipped cervical spondylosis who received the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgical strategies. Methods: The clinical data of 62 patients with two-segment skipped cervical spondylosis who underwent surgical treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2017 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, included 38 males and 24 females, aged (53.3±8.5) years. Thirty-three cases were treated with ROI-C (ROI-C group), and 29 cases with stand-alone interbody cage combined with cage-titanium plate construct (cage+titanium plate group). The following parameters, including operation time, intraoperative blood loss, dysphagia Bazaz grade, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain, neck disability index (NDI), average intervertebral height of operated segments, C2-7 Cobb angle, and related complications, were compared between the two groups. Results: The patients were followed up for (28±5) months (16-34 months). The operation time of ROI-C group was (127.6±34.2) min, which was shorter than that in cage+titanium plate group [(157.1±43.9) min, P=0.004]. The scores of JOA and VAS in both ROI-C group and cage+titanium plate group were significantly improved 3 months after operation when compared with those before operation, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (all P>0.05). The average intervertebral space height of fusion segment in ROI-C group was (6.02±1.03) mm before operation, it was improved to (8.38±1.47) mm at 3 months after operation, (8.16±1.40) mm at 12 months after operation, and it was (6.24±1.05) mm, (8.58±1.18) mm and (7.87±0.73) mm in cage+titanium plate group, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups at each time point (all P>0.05). The Cobb angle of cervical vertebrae in ROI-C group was 10.5°±6.8° before operation, improved to 19.2°±9.0° at 3 months after operation, 18.2°±5.8° at 12 months after operation, and it was 10.9°±4.6°, 18.5°±7.8°, 17.1°±5.2° in cage+titanium plate group, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups at each time point (all P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative dysphagia was 9.1%(3/33) in the ROI-C group and 37.9%(11/29) in the cage+titanium plate group, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.007). Conclusions: Both ROI-C and stand-alone interbody cage combined with cage-titanium plate construct can achieve good results for two-segment skipped cervical spondylosis. However, ROI-C is more advantageous in shortening the operation time and reducing early postoperative dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - J G Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - S L Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - L Y Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Y H Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - G F Pi
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Tian LY, Li YL, Wu Y, Zhang Y. [Meta-analysis of efficacy of pressure therapy in treating patients with hypertrophic scars]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2019; 35:668-675. [PMID: 31594185 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy of pressure therapy in treating patients with hypertrophic scars by meta-analysis. Methods: Databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were retrieved with the search terms"hypertrophic scar, hyperplastic scar, HTS, pressure therapy, pressure treatment, and the Chinese Journals Full-text Database was retrieved with the search terms in Chinese version",,,,"to obtain the publicly published randomized controlled trials about pressure therapy in the treatment of patients with hypertrophic scar from the establishment of each database to July 2017. The measurement indexes included the effective ratio, Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score, scar vascularity, scar hardness, scar pigment, scar thickness, and value of scar color (brightness, red, and yellow). RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 statistical software were used to conduct a meta-analysis of eligible studies. Results: A total of 667 hypertrophic scar patients were enrolled in 11 articles, including 362 patients in pressure therapy group who received pressure treatment and 305 patients in untreated group who received no treatment. The bias risks of the 11 studies included were uncertain. Compared with those of untreated group, the effective ratio of patients in pressure therapy group was significantly increased, with the relative risk of 5.98 (95% confidence interval=1.83-19.46, P<0.01); the VSS score and scar vascularity of patients in pressure therapy group were obviously decreased, with weighted mean differences of -2.24 and -0.66 respectively (95% confidence interval=-4.16--0.33, -1.21--0.12, P<0.05); the scar hardness, scar pigment, scar thickness, and value of scar color (brightness, red, and yellow) of patients in pressure therapy group were not changed obviously (P≥0.05). Significant heterogeneity existed in the included studies of the effective ratio, VSS score, scar vascularity, scar hardness, scar pigment, and scar thickness, P<0.01, I(2)=90%, 87%, 80%, 93%, 86%, 94%. Pressure range might be the heterogeneity source of effective ratio, and pressure clothing combined with pressure pad therapy might be a heterogeneous source of VSS score. Sensitivity analysis showed that the combined effect size results were stable in the effective ratio and scar pigment, but not stable in the VSS score, scar thickness, scar hardness, and scar vascularity. There was no publication bias in the effective ratio, VSS score, scar hardness, scar pigment, and scar vascularity (P>0.1), while there was publication bias in the scar thickness (95% confidence interval=-19.77--3.30, P<0.1). Conclusions: Compared with patients without treatment, in the treatment of hypertrophic scars, pressure therapy can obviously increase the effective ratio, reduce the VSS score and scar vascularity, but can not obviously improve the scar hardness, scar pigment, scar thickness, and value of scar color (brightness, red, and yellow).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Tian
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China (Tian Lingyun is working at Nursing School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China)
| | - Y L Li
- Nursing Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Burns, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Control Center of Infection, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Zhang XJ, Lv MM, Zhu XQ, Tian LY, Li JJ, Shao YP, Gao CJ, Sun XD. Microglia M1/M2 polarization contributes to electromagnetic pulse-induced brain injury. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2019; 33:1051-1062. [PMID: 31392878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of electronic technology has attracted attention on the biological effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and electromagnetic pulse (EMP). It remains controversial whether EMP irradiation is neurotoxic or beneficial for recovery from injuryies such as cerebral ischemia. Microglia is innate immune cells in the brain, exhibiting either neurotoxicity or neuroprotection effect during various central nervous system diseases, depending on their activation into a classical (M1) or alternative (M2) phenotype, respectively. The Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) pathway is important for microglia activation. In this study, we investigated the effect of EMP on neuronal apoptosis and microglia polarization in vivo and in vitro, using an EMP of 400 kV/m and 1 hertz for 200 pulses. Short EMP irradiation (≤24 h) resulted in microglial conversion from the resting to the M1-type state, activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NFκB pathway, higher levels of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as neuronal apoptosis induction. In contrast, long EMP irradiation (3 days) resulted in microglial activation into the M2-type, decreased apoptosis and inflammatory mediator production, and increased levels of the neuroprotective effectors IL-10, transforming growth factor beta, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. EMP induces both neuronal damage and neuronal recovery by influencing the switch of M1/M2 polarization and the TLR4/MyD88/NFκB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Affiliated Guangren Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - M M Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, the 323 Hospital of the PLA, Xi'an, China
| | - X Q Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Y Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - J J Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y P Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Affiliated Guangren Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - C J Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - X D Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Zheng BH, Liu LZ, Zhang ZZ, Shi JY, Dong LQ, Tian LY, Ding ZB, Ji Y, Rao SX, Zhou J, Fan J, Wang XY, Gao Q. Radiomics score: a potential prognostic imaging feature for postoperative survival of solitary HCC patients. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1148. [PMID: 30463529 PMCID: PMC6249916 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiomics is an emerging field in oncological research. In this study, we aimed at developing a radiomics score (rad-score) to estimate postoperative recurrence and survival in patients with solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods A total of 319 solitary HCC patients (training cohort: n = 212; validation cohort: n = 107) were enrolled. Radiomics features were extracted from the artery phase of preoperatively acquired computed tomography (CT) in all patients. A rad-score was generated by using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) logistic model. Kaplan-Meier and Cox’s hazard regression analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic significance of the rad-score. Final nomograms predicting recurrence and survival of solitary HCC patients were established based on the rad-score and clinicopathological factors. C-index and calibration statistics were used to assess the performance of nomograms. Results Six potential radiomics features were selected out of 110 texture features to formulate the rad-score. Low rad-score positively correlated with aggressive tumor phenotypes, like larger tumor size and vascular invasion. Meanwhile, low rad-score was significantly associated with increased recurrence and reduced survival. In addition, multivariate analysis identified the rad-score as an independent prognostic factor (recurrence: Hazard ratio (HR): 2.472, 95% confident interval (CI): 1.339–4.564, p = 0.004;survival: HR: 1.558, 95%CI: 1.022–2.375, p = 0.039). Notably, the nomogram integrating rad-score had a better prognostic performance as compared with traditional staging systems. These results were further confirmed in the validation cohort. Conclusions The preoperative CT image based rad-score was an independent prognostic factor for the postoperative outcome of solitary HCC patients. This score may be complementary to the current staging system and help to stratify individualized treatments for solitary HCC patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-5024-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hao Zheng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Long-Zi Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Tongren Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Yi Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liang-Qing Dong
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ling-Yu Tian
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhen-Bin Ding
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Rao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Yang JX, Guo QJ, Yang J, Zhou XY, Ren HY, Zhang HZ, Xu RX, Wang XD, Peters M, Zhu GX, Wei RF, Tian LY, Han XK. Red mud (RM)-Induced enhancement of iron plaque formation reduces arsenic and metal accumulation in two wetland plant species. Int J Phytoremediation 2016; 18:269-277. [PMID: 26505322 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1085830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have resulted in arsenic (As) and heavy metals accumulation in paddy soils in China. Phytoremediation has been suggested as an effective and low-cost method to clean up contaminated soils. A combined soil-sand pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of red mud (RM) supply on iron plaque formation and As and heavy metal accumulation in two wetland plant species (Cyperus alternifolius Rottb., Echinodorus amazonicus Rataj), using As and heavy metals polluted paddy soil combined with three rates of RM application (0, 2%, 5%). The results showed that RM supply significantly decreased As and heavy metals accumulation in shoots of the two plants due to the decrease of As and heavy metal availability and the enhancement of the formation of iron plaque on the root surface and in the rhizosphere. Both wetland plants supplied with RM tended to have more Fe plaque, higher As and heavy metals on roots and in their rhizospheres, and were more tolerant of As and heavy metal toxicity. The results suggest that RM-induced enhancement of the formation of iron plaque on the root surface and in the rhizosphere of wetland plants may be significant for remediation of soils contaminated with As and heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Yang
- a Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Q J Guo
- a Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - J Yang
- a Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - X Y Zhou
- a Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - H Y Ren
- a Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - H Z Zhang
- a Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
- b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - R X Xu
- a Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - X D Wang
- c College of Resource Environment and Tourism , Capital Normal University , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - M Peters
- a Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - G X Zhu
- a Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
- b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - R F Wei
- a Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
- b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - L Y Tian
- a Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
- b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - X K Han
- a Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
- b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
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