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Großmann L, Springub K, Krüger L, Winter F, Rump A, Kromrey ML, Bülow R, Hosten N, Dressman J, Weitschies W, Grimm M. Is there a fast track ("Darmstrasse") for fluids in the small intestine? Evidence from magnetic resonance imaging. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 198:114277. [PMID: 38582180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transit and distribution pattern of fluids in the small intestine is a key parameter for the dissolution and absorption of drugs. Although some information is known about the small intestinal water content after administration of fluid volumes and meals, the intestinal transit of orally ingested fluids and solutions has been barely investigated. The aim of this three-arm, cross-over, 9-subject human study was to investigate the transit of orally ingested water in the small intestine under fasting and postprandial conditions using MRI. To identify the ingested water, manganese gluconate, which can be identified with T1-weighted MRI sequences, was added as a marker. Using Horos (DICOM software), quantification of the distribution of Mn2+ ions in the gastrointestinal tract in fasted versus fed state (standard meal by FDA guidance and a light meal) was possible. The distribution and approximate wetted intestinal length was very similar in the fasting and postprandial states, suggesting rapid transport of water ingested after a meal through the chyme-filled small intestine in continuation of the "Magenstrasse" (stomach road). In some subjects, manganese gluconate reached deeper parts of the small intestine even more quickly in the postprandial state than in the fasting arm of the study. A deeper understanding of the behaviour of solutes in the gastrointestinal tract is fundamental to a mechanistic explanation for the kinetic interaction between food and drug intake (food effects).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Großmann
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Springub
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Linda Krüger
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fabian Winter
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Adrian Rump
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Kromrey
- University Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robin Bülow
- University Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Norbert Hosten
- University Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jennifer Dressman
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Grimm
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
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Großmann L, Kieckhöfer M, Weitschies W, Krause J. 4D prints of flexible dosage forms using thermoplastic polyurethane with hybrid shape memory effect. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 181:227-238. [PMID: 36423878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thermoplastic polyurethanes are versatile materials due to their flexible and elastic properties. In research, medicine, and pharmacy, they are used in dosage forms, implants or as components of medical devices. To gain a deeper understanding of the influences on unfolding or expanding dosage forms, in this publication, 3D printing was used to produce differently shaped and foldable objects from various technical thermoplastic polyurethane filaments. The shape memory behaviour of the dosage forms was exploited to fold and package them in water-soluble hard gelatin capsules. The unfolding time and dimensional recovery of the 3D printed dosage forms were investigated as a function of material properties and shape. As an example, for the use of flexible dosage forms, 3D models have been designed so that their unfolded size is suitable for possible gastric retention. Depending on the shape and material, different unfolding behaviours could be shown. Over a storage period of 60 days, a time related stress on the 4D printed objects was evaluated, which possibly affects the unfolding process. The results of this work aim to be used to evaluate the behaviour of 3D printed unfolding and expanding dosage forms and how they may be suitable for the development of innovative sustained drug delivery concepts or medicinal devices. The basic principle of a hybrid shape memory effect used here could possibly be applied to other drug delivery strategies besides gastric retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Großmann
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Kieckhöfer
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Julius Krause
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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Auel T, Großmann L, Schulig L, Weitschies W, Seidlitz A. The EyeFlowCell: Development of a 3D-Printed Dissolution Test Setup for Intravitreal Dosage Forms. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091394. [PMID: 34575470 PMCID: PMC8464925 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An in vitro dissolution model, the so-called EyeFlowCell (EFC), was developed to test intravitreal dosage forms, simulating parameters such as the gel-like consistency of the vitreous body. The developed model consists of a stereolithography 3D-printed flow-through cell with a polyacrylamide (PAA) gel as its core. This gel needed to be coated with an agarose sheath because of its low viscosity. Drug release from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-based implants containing either triamcinolone acetonide or fluorescein sodium was studied in the EFC using a schematic eye movement by the EyeMovementSystem (EyeMoS). For comparison, studies were performed in USP apparatus 4 and USP apparatus 7. Significantly slower drug release was observed in the PAA gel for both model drugs compared with the compendial methods. Drug release from fluorescein sodium-containing model implants was completed after 40 min in USP apparatus 4, whereas drug release in the gel-based EFC lasted 72 h. Drug release from triamcinolone acetonide-containing model implants was completed after 35 min in USP apparatus 4 and after 150 min in USP apparatus 7, whereas this was delayed until 96 h in the EFC. These results suggest that compendial release methods may overestimate the drug release rate in the human vitreous body. Using a gel-based in vitro release system such as the EFC may better predict drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Auel
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (T.A.); (L.G.); (W.W.)
| | - Linus Großmann
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (T.A.); (L.G.); (W.W.)
| | - Lukas Schulig
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (T.A.); (L.G.); (W.W.)
| | - Anne Seidlitz
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (T.A.); (L.G.); (W.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3834-420-4898
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Großmann L, de Gregorio N, Braun T, Ernst K, Janni W, de Gregorio A. Ambulantes Mamma-MRT: Einsatz und Erwartungen – erste Ergebnisse einer anonymen Befragung. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1717851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - N de Gregorio
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe
| | - T Braun
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe
| | - K Ernst
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe
| | - W Janni
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe
| | - A de Gregorio
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe
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