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Upreti C, Kumar P, Durso L, Palmer K. CRISPR-Cas inhibits plasmid transfer and immunizes bacteria against antibiotic resistance acquisition in manure. bioRxiv 2024:2023.09.26.559507. [PMID: 37808752 PMCID: PMC10557689 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.26.559507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria is a pressing global issue. The bacterial defense system CRISPR-Cas acts as a barrier to the spread of antibiotic resistance plasmids, and CRISPR-Cas-based antimicrobials can be effective to selectively deplete antibiotic-resistant bacteria. While significant surveillance efforts monitor the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the clinical context, a major, often overlooked aspect of the issue is resistance emergence in agriculture. Farm animals are commonly treated with antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance in agriculture is on the rise. Yet, CRISPR-Cas efficacy has not been investigated in this setting. Here, we evaluate the prevalence of CRISPR-Cas in agricultural Enterococcus faecalis strains and its anti-plasmid efficacy in an agricultural niche - manure. Analyzing 1,986 E. faecalis genomes from human and animal hosts, we show that the prevalence of CRISPR-Cas subtypes is similar between clinical and agricultural E. faecalis strains. Using plasmid conjugation assays, we found that CRISPR-Cas is a significant barrier against resistance plasmid transfer in manure. Finally, we used a CRISPR-based antimicrobial approach to cure resistant E. faecalis of erythromycin resistance, but this was limited by delivery efficiency of the CRISPR antimicrobial in manure. However, immunization of bacteria against resistance gene acquisition in manure was highly effective. Together, our results show that E. faecalis CRISPR-Cas is prevalent and effective in an agricultural setting and has the potential to be utilized for depleting antibiotic-resistant populations. Our work has broad implications for tackling antibiotic resistance in the increasingly relevant agricultural setting, in line with a One Health approach.
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Ibekwe A, Durso L, Ducey TF, Oladeinde A, Jackson CR, Frye JG, Dungan R, Moorman T, Brooks JP, Obayiuwana A, Karathia H, Fanelli B, Hasan N. Diversity of Plasmids and Genes Encoding Resistance to Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase in Escherichia coli from Different Animal Sources. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051057. [PMID: 34068339 PMCID: PMC8153348 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance associated with the spread of plasmid-encoded extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes conferring resistance to third generation cephalosporins is increasing worldwide. However, data on the population of ESBL producing E. coli in different animal sources and their antimicrobial characteristics are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential reservoirs of ESBL-encoded genes in E. coli isolated from swine, beef, dairy, and poultry collected from different regions of the United States using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Three hundred isolates were typed into different phylogroups, characterized by BOX AIR-1 PCR and tested for resistance to antimicrobials. Of the 300 isolates, 59.7% were resistant to sulfisoxazole, 49.3% to tetracycline, 32.3% to cephalothin, 22.3% to ampicillin, 20% to streptomycin, 16% to ticarcillin; resistance to the remaining 12 antimicrobials was less than 10%. Phylogroups A and B1 were most prevalent with A (n = 92, 30%) and B1 (87 = 29%). A total of nine E. coli isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers by double-disk synergy testing and multidrug resistant (MDR) to at least three antimicrobial drug classes. Using WGS, significantly higher numbers of ESBL-E. coli were detected in swine and dairy manure than from any other animal sources, suggesting that these may be the primary animal sources for ESBL producing E. coli. These isolates carry plasmids, such as IncFIA(B), IncFII, IncX1, IncX4, IncQ1, CollRNAI, Col440I, and acquired ARGs aph(6)-Id, aph(3″)-Ib, aadA5, aph(3')-Ia, blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B, mphA, ermB, catA1, sul1, sul2, tetB, dfrA17. One of the E. coli isolates from swine with ST 410 was resistant to nine antibiotics and carried more than 28 virulence factors, and this ST has been shown to belong to an international high-risk clone. Our data suggests that ESBL producing E. coli are widely distributed in different animal sources, but swine and dairy cattle may be their main reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abasiofiok Ibekwe
- US Salinity Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Lisa Durso
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Thomas F. Ducey
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Florence, SC 29501, USA;
| | - Adelumola Oladeinde
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (A.O.); (C.R.J.); (J.G.F.)
| | - Charlene R. Jackson
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (A.O.); (C.R.J.); (J.G.F.)
| | - Jonathan G. Frye
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (A.O.); (C.R.J.); (J.G.F.)
| | - Robert Dungan
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA;
| | - Tom Moorman
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - John P. Brooks
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA;
| | - Amarachukwu Obayiuwana
- Department of Biological Sciences (Microbiology Option), Augustine University Ilara (AUI), Epe 106101, Lagos State, Nigeria;
| | - Hiren Karathia
- CosmosID Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (H.K.); (B.F.); (N.H.)
| | - Brian Fanelli
- CosmosID Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (H.K.); (B.F.); (N.H.)
| | - Nur Hasan
- CosmosID Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (H.K.); (B.F.); (N.H.)
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20878, USA
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Staley ZR, Schmidt AM, Woodbury B, Eskridge KM, Durso L, Li X. Corn stalk residue may add antibiotic-resistant bacteria to manure composting piles. J Environ Qual 2020; 49:745-753. [PMID: 33016408 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Manure is commonly used as a fertilizer or soil conditioner; however, land application of untreated manure may introduce pathogens and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) into the soil, with harmful implications for public health. Composting is a manure management practice wherein a carbon-rich bulking agent, such as corn (Zea mays L.) stalk residue, is added to manure to achieve desirable carbon/nitrogen ratios to facilitate microbial activities and generate enough heat to inactivate pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant pathogens. However, when comparing compost piles and stockpiles for ARB reduction, we noticed that bulking agents added ARB to composting piles and compromised the performance of composting in reducing ARB. We hypothesized that ARB could be prevalent in corn stalk residues, a commonly used bulking agent for composting. To test this hypothesis, corn stalk residue samples throughout Nebraska were surveyed for the presence of ARB. Of the samples tested, 54% were positive for antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli or enterococci using direct plating or after enrichment. Although not statistically significant, there was a trend wherein the use of pesticides tended to result in a greater prevalence of some ARB. Results from this study suggest that bulking agents can be a source of ARB in manure composting piles and highlight the importance of screening bulking agents for effective ARB reduction in livestock manure during composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachery R Staley
- Dep. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Amy Millmier Schmidt
- Dep. of Biological Systems Engineering, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- Dep. of Animal Science, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Bryan Woodbury
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - Kent M Eskridge
- Dep. of Statistics, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Lisa Durso
- USDA-ARS, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Xu Li
- Dep. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
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Narayanan L, Mulligan C, Durso L, Thames B, Thomason J, Fellman C, Mackin A, Wills R, Archer T. Recovery of T-cell function in healthy dogs following cessation of oral cyclosporine administration. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:277-282. [PMID: 31914237 PMCID: PMC7397919 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporine is a potent immunosuppressive agent used to treat immune‐mediated disorders in dogs. Secondary infections sometimes necessitate withdrawal of cyclosporine, but it is not known how long it takes for the immune system to recover after cessation of cyclosporine. Our goal was to utilize a validated RT‐qPCR assay in dogs to assess recovery time of the T‐cell cytokines IL‐2 and IFN‐γ after discontinuation of cyclosporine. Six healthy dogs were given oral cyclosporine (10 mg/kg every 12 hr) for 1 week, with samples collected for measurement of cytokine gene expression prior to treatment, and on the last day of therapy. Cyclosporine was then discontinued, and samples were collected daily for an additional 7 days. Results revealed that there was a significant difference in cytokine expression when comparing pre‐treatment and immediate post‐treatment values, corresponding to marked suppression of T‐cell function. There was no significant difference between pre‐treatment values for either cytokine when compared with any day during the recovery period. Cytokine expression, evaluated as a percentage of pre‐treatment baseline samples, demonstrated progressing return of T‐cell function after drug cessation, with full recovery seen in all dogs by Day 4 of the recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Narayanan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Charlee Mulligan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Lisa Durso
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Brittany Thames
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - John Thomason
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Claire Fellman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Andrew Mackin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Robert Wills
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Todd Archer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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Durso L, Lehnen LP, Powell MJ. Characteristics of Extracellular Adhesions Produced During Saprolegnia Ferax Secondary Zoospore Encystment and Cystospore Germination. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1993.12026328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Durso
- Department of Botany, Mimi University, Oxford, Ohio 45056
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Pittol M, Scully E, Miller D, Durso L, Mariana Fiuza L, Valiati VH. Bacterial Community of the Rice Floodwater Using Cultivation-Independent Approaches. Int J Microbiol 2018; 2018:6280484. [PMID: 29666650 PMCID: PMC5831270 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6280484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In agricultural systems, interactions between plants and microorganisms are important to maintaining production and profitability. In this study, bacterial communities in floodwaters of rice fields were monitored during the vegetative and reproductive stages of rice plant development using 16S amplicon sequencing. The study was conducted in the south of Brazil, during the crop years 2011/12 and 2012/13. Comparative analyses showed strong differences between the communities of floodwaters associated with the two developmental stages. During the vegetative stage, 1551 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected, while less than half that number (603) were identified in the reproductive stage. The higher bacterial richness observed in floodwater collected during the vegetative stage may have been favored by the higher concentration of nutrients, such as potassium, due to rhizodeposition and fertilizer application. Eighteen bacterial phyla were identified in both samples. Both communities were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria. In the vegetative stage, Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria were more abundant and, in contrast, Bacilli and Clostridia were the more dominant classes in the reproductive stage. The major bacterial taxa identified have been previously identified as important colonizers of rice fields. The richness and composition of bacterial communities over cultivation time may contribute to the sustainability of the crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pittol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), 950 Unisinos Avenue, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Erin Scully
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit (SPIERU), 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Daniel Miller
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Agroecosystem Management Research Unit (AMRU), 251 Filley Hall, UNL East Campus, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Lisa Durso
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Agroecosystem Management Research Unit (AMRU), 251 Filley Hall, UNL East Campus, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Lidia Mariana Fiuza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), 950 Unisinos Avenue, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Valiati
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), 950 Unisinos Avenue, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
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Friesen K, Berkebile D, Wienhold B, Durso L, Zhu J, Taylor DB. Environmental Parameters Associated With Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Development at Hay Feeding Sites. Environ Entomol 2016; 45:570-576. [PMID: 27016003 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvw014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Substrates composed of hay residues, dung, and urine accumulate around winter hay feeding sites in cattle pastures, providing developmental habitats for stable flies. The objective of this study was to relate physiochemical and microbial properties of these substrates to the presence or absence of stable fly larvae. Properties included pH, temperature, moisture, ammonium concentration, electrical conductivity, and numbers of coliform, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus bacteria. Each physiochemical sample was classified as a function of belonging to one of the three 2-m concentric zones radiating from the feeder as well as presence or absence of larvae. In total, 538 samples were collected from 13 sites during 2005-2011. Stable fly larvae were most likely to be found in moist, slightly alkaline substrates with high levels of ammonium and low temperature. The probability of larvae being present in a sample was the highest when the moisture content was 347% relative to dry weight and the average pH was 8.4. Larvae were recovered within all zones, with a nonsignificant, but slightly higher, percentage of samples containing larvae taken 2-4 m from the center. All methods used to enumerate bacteria, except total coliform, indicated decreasing concentrations in hay bale residue throughout the summer. In addition to the environmental parameters, cumulative degree day 10°C had a significant effect on the probability of observing stable fly larvae in a sample, indicating that unidentified seasonal effects also influenced immature stable fly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Friesen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 (; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - Dennis Berkebile
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 (; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - Brian Wienhold
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 (; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - Lisa Durso
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 (; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - Jerry Zhu
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 (; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - David B Taylor
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 (; ; ; ; ; ), and
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9
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Bengtsson J, Hartmann M, Unterseher M, Vaishampayan P, Abarenkov K, Durso L, Bik EM, Garey JR, Eriksson KM, Nilsson RH. Megraft: a software package to graft ribosomal small subunit (16S/18S) fragments onto full-length sequences for accurate species richness and sequencing depth analysis in pyrosequencing-length metagenomes and similar environmental datasets. Res Microbiol 2012; 163:407-12. [PMID: 22824070 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metagenomic libraries represent subsamples of the total DNA found at a study site and offer unprecedented opportunities to study ecological and functional aspects of microbial communities. To examine the depth of a community sequencing effort, rarefaction analysis of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU/16S/18S) gene in the metagenome is usually performed. The fragmentary, non-overlapping nature of SSU sequences in metagenomic libraries poses a problem for this analysis, however. We introduce a software package - Megraft - that grafts SSU fragments onto full-length SSU sequences, accounting for observed and unobserved variability, for accurate assessment of species richness and sequencing depth in metagenomics endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bengtsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Durso L, Maguire H, Cronquist A, Bono JL. Outbreak investigation: STEC O157. MLO Med Lab Obs 2010; 42:42. [PMID: 20384003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Durso
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Goode B, O’Reilly C, Dunn J, Fullerton K, Smith S, Ghneim G, Keen J, Durso L, Davies M, Montgomery S. Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 163:42-8. [DOI: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2008.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Kimura AC, Mead P, Walsh B, Alfano E, Gray SK, Durso L, Humphrey C, Monroe SS, Visvesvera G, Puhr N, Shieh WJ, Eberhard M, Hoekstra RM, Mintz ED. A Large Outbreak of Brainerd Diarrhea Associated with a Restaurant in the Red River Valley, Texas. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 43:55-61. [PMID: 16758418 DOI: 10.1086/504805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2005] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In June 1996, an outbreak of chronic diarrhea was reported to the Texas Department of Health (Austin). METHODS We initiated active case finding, performed 2 case-control studies, and conducted an extensive laboratory and environmental investigation. RESULTS We identified 114 persons with diarrhea that lasted > or = 4 weeks. Symptoms among 102 patients who were studied included urgency (87%), fatigue (86%), fecal incontinence (74%), and weight loss (73%); the median maximum 24-h stool frequency was 15 stools. Diarrhea persisted for > 6 months in 87% and for > 1 year in 70% of patients who were observed. Fifty-one (89%) of 57 ill persons had eaten at a particular restaurant within 4 weeks before onset, compared with 8 (14%) of 59 matched control subjects (matched odds ratio [OR], undefined; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.2-infinity). At the restaurant, patients were more likely than their unaffected dining companions to have drunk tap water (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.0-9.9) and to have eaten several specific food items, and they were less likely to have drunk iced tea made from boiled water and store-bought ice (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.05-1.0). A multivariable model that included consumption of tap water and salad bar tomatoes best fit the data. The restaurant had multiple sanitary and plumbing deficiencies. Extensive laboratory and environmental testing for bacterial, parasitic, mycotic, and viral agents did not identify an etiologic agent. CONCLUSIONS The clinical, laboratory, and epidemiologic findings are consistent with those of previous outbreaks of Brainerd diarrhea. To our knowledge, this is the largest reported outbreak of Brainerd diarrhea associated with a restaurant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko C Kimura
- Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Heaton MP, Keen JE, Clawson ML, Harhay GP, Bauer N, Shultz C, Green BT, Durso L, Chitko-McKown CG, Laegreid WW. Use of bovine single nucleotide polymorphism markers to verify sample tracking in beef processing. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005; 226:1311-4. [PMID: 15844419 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2005.226.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether a selected set of 20 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from beef cattle populations can be used to verify sample tracking in a commercial slaughter facility that processes primarily market (ie, culled) dairy cows. DESIGN Prospective, blinded validation study. ANIMALS 165 cows and 3 bulls from 18 states (82% Holstein, 8% other dairy breeds, and 10% beef breeds). PROCEDURE Blood was collected by venipuncture from randomly chosen animals just prior to slaughter. The purported corresponding liver samples were collected during beef processing, and genotype profiles were obtained for each sample. RESULTS On the basis of SNP allele frequencies in these cattle, the mean probability that 2 randomly selected individuals would possess identical genotypes at all 20 loci was 4.3 x 10(-8). Thus, the chance of a coincidental genotype match between 2 animals was 1 in 23 million. Genotype profiles confirmed appropriate matching for 152 of the 168 (90.5%) purported blood-liver sample pairs and revealed mismatching for 16 (9.5%) pairs. For the 16 mismatched sample pairs, 33% to 76% of the 20 SNP genotypes did not match (mean, 52%). Discordance that could be attributed to genotyping error was estimated to be < 1% on the basis of results for split samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that this selected set of 20 bovine SNP markers is sufficiently informative to verify accuracy of sample tracking in slaughter plants that process beef or dairy cattle. These or similar SNP markers may facilitate high-throughput, DNA-based, traceback programs designed to detect drug residues in tissues, control of animal diseases, and enhance food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Heaton
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, US Meat Animal Research Center, State Spur 18D, PO Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA
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Durso L, Lehnen LP, Powell MJ. Characteristics of Extracellular Adhesions Produced during Saprolegnia ferax Secondary Zoospore Encystment and Cystospore Germination. Mycologia 1993. [DOI: 10.2307/3760605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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