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Brandão FA, Derengowski LS, Albuquerque P, Nicola AM, Silva-Pereira I, Poças-Fonseca MJ. Histone deacetylases inhibitors effects on Cryptococcus neoformans major virulence phenotypes. Virulence 2015; 6:618-30. [PMID: 26103530 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015.1038014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans undergoes phenotypical changes during host infection in order to promote persistence and survival. Studies have demonstrated that such adaptations require alterations in gene transcription networks by distinct mechanisms. Drugs such as the histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACi) Sodium Butyrate (NaBut) and Trichostatin A (TSA) can alter the chromatin conformation and have been used to modulate epigenetic states in the treatment of diseases such as cancer. In this work, we have studied the effect of NaBut and TSA on the expression of C. neoformans major virulence phenotypes and on the survival rate of an animal model infected with drugs-treated yeasts. Both drugs affected fungal growth at 37°C more intensely than at 30°C; nonetheless, drugs did not affect cell viability at the concentrations we studied. HDACi also provoked the reduction of the fungal capsule expansion. Phospholipases enzyme activity decreased; mating process and melanin synthesis were also affected by both inhibitors. NaBut led to an increase in the population of cells in G2/M. Treated yeast cells, which were washed in order to remove the drugs from the culture medium prior to the inoculation in the Galleria mellonela infection model, did not cause significant difference at the host survival curve when compared to non-treated cells. Overall, NaBut effects on the impairment of C. neoformans main virulence factors were more intense and stable than the TSA effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana As Brandão
- a Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Department of Cell Biology; Institute of Biological Sciences; University of Brasilia ; Brasilia , DF , Brazil
| | - Lorena S Derengowski
- a Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Department of Cell Biology; Institute of Biological Sciences; University of Brasilia ; Brasilia , DF , Brazil
| | - Patrícia Albuquerque
- b Faculty of Ceilandia; University of Brasilia ; Brasilia , DF , Brazil.,c Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine; University of Brasilia ; Brasilia , DF , Brazil
| | - André M Nicola
- c Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine; University of Brasilia ; Brasilia , DF , Brazil.,d Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology; Catholic University of Brasilia ; Brasilia , DF , Brazil
| | - Ildinete Silva-Pereira
- a Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Department of Cell Biology; Institute of Biological Sciences; University of Brasilia ; Brasilia , DF , Brazil
| | - Marcio J Poças-Fonseca
- e Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Mutagenesis; Department of Genetics and Morphology; Institute of Biological Sciences; University of Brasilia ; Brasilia , DF , Brazil
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Teixeira MM, de Almeida LGP, Kubitschek-Barreira P, Alves FL, Kioshima ÉS, Abadio AKR, Fernandes L, Derengowski LS, Ferreira KS, Souza RC, Ruiz JC, de Andrade NC, Paes HC, Nicola AM, Albuquerque P, Gerber AL, Martins VP, Peconick LDF, Neto AV, Chaucanez CB, Silva PA, Cunha OL, de Oliveira FFM, dos Santos TC, Barros ALN, Soares MA, de Oliveira LM, Marini MM, Villalobos-Duno H, Cunha MML, de Hoog S, da Silveira JF, Henrissat B, Niño-Vega GA, Cisalpino PS, Mora-Montes HM, Almeida SR, Stajich JE, Lopes-Bezerra LM, Vasconcelos ATR, Felipe MSS. Comparative genomics of the major fungal agents of human and animal Sporotrichosis: Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:943. [PMID: 25351875 PMCID: PMC4226871 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fungal genus Sporothrix includes at least four human pathogenic species. One of these species, S. brasiliensis, is the causal agent of a major ongoing zoonotic outbreak of sporotrichosis in Brazil. Elsewhere, sapronoses are caused by S. schenckii and S. globosa. The major aims on this comparative genomic study are: 1) to explore the presence of virulence factors in S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis; 2) to compare S. brasiliensis, which is cat-transmitted and infects both humans and cats with S. schenckii, mainly a human pathogen; 3) to compare these two species to other human pathogens (Onygenales) with similar thermo-dimorphic behavior and to other plant-associated Sordariomycetes. RESULTS The genomes of S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis were pyrosequenced to 17x and 20x coverage comprising a total of 32.3 Mb and 33.2 Mb, respectively. Pair-wise genome alignments revealed that the two species are highly syntenic showing 97.5% average sequence identity. Phylogenomic analysis reveals that both species diverged about 3.8-4.9 MYA suggesting a recent event of speciation. Transposable elements comprise respectively 0.34% and 0.62% of the S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis genomes and expansions of Gypsy-like elements was observed reflecting the accumulation of repetitive elements in the S. brasiliensis genome. Mitochondrial genomic comparisons showed the presence of group-I intron encoding homing endonucleases (HE's) exclusively in S. brasiliensis. Analysis of protein family expansions and contractions in the Sporothrix lineage revealed expansion of LysM domain-containing proteins, small GTPases, PKS type1 and leucin-rich proteins. In contrast, a lack of polysaccharide lyase genes that are associated with decay of plants was observed when compared to other Sordariomycetes and dimorphic fungal pathogens, suggesting evolutionary adaptations from a plant pathogenic or saprobic to an animal pathogenic life style. CONCLUSIONS Comparative genomic data suggest a unique ecological shift in the Sporothrix lineage from plant-association to mammalian parasitism, which contributes to the understanding of how environmental interactions may shape fungal virulence. . Moreover, the striking differences found in comparison with other dimorphic fungi revealed that dimorphism in these close relatives of plant-associated Sordariomycetes is a case of convergent evolution, stressing the importance of this morphogenetic change in fungal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus M Teixeira
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | | | - Paula Kubitschek-Barreira
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Fernanda L Alves
- />Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
- />Grupo Informática de Biossistemas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Érika S Kioshima
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
- />Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR Brazil
| | - Ana KR Abadio
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Larissa Fernandes
- />Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Tecnologias em Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Ceilândia, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Lorena S Derengowski
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Karen S Ferreira
- />Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Rangel C Souza
- />Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, RJ Brazil
| | - Jeronimo C Ruiz
- />Grupo Informática de Biossistemas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Nathalia C de Andrade
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Hugo C Paes
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - André M Nicola
- />Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
- />Programa de pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Patrícia Albuquerque
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
- />Programa de pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | | | - Vicente P Martins
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Luisa DF Peconick
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Alan Viggiano Neto
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Claudia B Chaucanez
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Patrícia A Silva
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Oberdan L Cunha
- />Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, RJ Brazil
| | | | - Tayná C dos Santos
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Amanda LN Barros
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Marco A Soares
- />Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Luciana M de Oliveira
- />Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
- />Programa de pós-graduação em Bioinformática, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marjorie M Marini
- />Departamento de Microbiologia Imunobiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Héctor Villalobos-Duno
- />Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Marcel ML Cunha
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- />CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - José F da Silveira
- />Departamento de Microbiologia Imunobiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- />Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille, Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Gustavo A Niño-Vega
- />Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Patrícia S Cisalpino
- />Grupo Informática de Biossistemas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | | | - Sandro R Almeida
- />Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Jason E Stajich
- />Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA USA
| | - Leila M Lopes-Bezerra
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | | | - Maria SS Felipe
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
- />Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
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Tavares AH, Derengowski LS, Ferreira KS, Silva SS, Macedo C, Bocca AL, Passos GA, Almeida SR, Silva-Pereira I. Murine dendritic cells transcriptional modulation upon Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1459. [PMID: 22235359 PMCID: PMC3250510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited information is available regarding the modulation of genes involved in the innate host response to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the etiologic agent of paracoccidioidomycosis. Therefore, we sought to characterize, for the first time, the transcriptional profile of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) at an early stage following their initial interaction with P. brasiliensis. DCs connect innate and adaptive immunity by recognizing invading pathogens and determining the type of effector T-cell that mediates an immune response. Gene expression profiles were analyzed using microarray and validated using real-time RT-PCR and protein secretion studies. A total of 299 genes were differentially expressed, many of which are involved in immunity, signal transduction, transcription and apoptosis. Genes encoding the cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α, along with the chemokines CCL22, CCL27 and CXCL10, were up-regulated, suggesting that P. brasiliensis induces a potent proinflammatory response in DCs. In contrast, pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-encoding genes, particularly those related to Toll-like receptors, were down-regulated or unchanged. This result prompted us to evaluate the expression profiles of dectin-1 and mannose receptor, two other important fungal PRRs that were not included in the microarray target cDNA sequences. Unlike the mannose receptor, the dectin-1 receptor gene was significantly induced, suggesting that this β-glucan receptor participates in the recognition of P. brasiliensis. We also used a receptor inhibition assay to evaluate the roles of these receptors in coordinating the expression of several immune-related genes in DCs upon fungal exposure. Altogether, our results provide an initial characterization of early host responses to P. brasiliensis and a basis for better understanding the infectious process of this important neglected pathogen. Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic disease that has an important mortality and morbidity impact in Latin America, mainly affecting rural workers of Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil. Upon host infection, one of the most important aspects contributing to disease outcome is the initial encounter of the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis fungus with dendritic cells. This phagocytic cell is specialized in decoding microbial information and triggering specific immune responses. Thus, using a molecular biology technique to examine the response of thousand of genes, we aimed to identify the ways in which murine dendritic cells interact with P. brasiliensis during an early time point following infection. This approach allowed us to recognize diverse modulated genes, in particular those associated with a proinflamatory response and fungal recognition. Our work provides an initial molecular characterization of early infection process and should promote further investigations into the innate host response to this important fungal pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo H. Tavares
- Faculdade de Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil
| | | | - Karen S. Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Simoneide S. Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil
| | - Cláudia Macedo
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Anamélia L. Bocca
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil
| | - Geraldo A. Passos
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Sandro R. Almeida
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Derengowski LS, De-Souza-Silva C, Braz SV, Mello-De-Sousa TM, Báo SN, Kyaw CM, Silva-Pereira I. Antimicrobial effect of farnesol, a Candida albicans quorum sensing molecule, on Paracoccidioides brasiliensis growth and morphogenesis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2009; 8:13. [PMID: 19402910 PMCID: PMC2681445 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-8-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Farnesol is a sesquiterpene alcohol produced by many organisms, and also found in several essential oils. Its role as a quorum sensing molecule and as a virulence factor of Candida albicans has been well described. Studies revealed that farnesol affect the growth of a number of bacteria and fungi, pointing to a potential role as an antimicrobial agent. Methods Growth assays of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis cells incubated in the presence of different concentrations of farnesol were performed by measuring the optical density of the cultures. The viability of fungal cells was determined by MTT assay and by counting the colony forming units, after each farnesol treatment. The effects of farnesol on P. brasiliensis dimorphism were also evaluated by optical microscopy. The ultrastructural morphology of farnesol-treated P. brasiliensis yeast cells was evaluated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Results In this study, the effects of farnesol on Paracoccidioides brasiliensis growth and dimorphism were described. Concentrations of this isoprenoid ranging from 25 to 300 μM strongly inhibited P. brasiliensis growth. We have estimated that the MIC of farnesol for P. brasiliensis is 25 μM, while the MLC is around 30 μM. When employing levels which don't compromise cell viability (5 to 15 μM), it was shown that farnesol also affected the morphogenesis of this fungus. We observed about 60% of inhibition in hyphal development following P. brasiliensis yeast cells treatment with 15 μM of farnesol for 48 h. At these farnesol concentrations we also observed a significant hyphal shortening. Electron microscopy experiments showed that, despite of a remaining intact cell wall, P. brasiliensis cells treated with farnesol concentrations above 25 μM exhibited a fully cytoplasmic degeneration. Conclusion Our data indicate that farnesol acts as a potent antimicrobial agent against P. brasiliensis. The fungicide activity of farnesol against this pathogen is probably associated to cytoplasmic degeneration. In concentrations that do not affect fungal viability, farnesol retards the germ-tube formation of P. brasiliensis, suggesting that the morphogenesis of this fungal is controlled by environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena S Derengowski
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, CEL/IB, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
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