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Bründl AC, Sallé L, Lejeune LA, Sorato E, Thiney AC, Chaine AS, Russell AF. Elevational Gradients as a Model for Understanding Associations Among Temperature, Breeding Phenology and Success. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.563377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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2
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Lynton‐Jenkins JG, Bründl AC, Cauchoix M, Lejeune LA, Sallé L, Thiney AC, Russell AF, Chaine AS, Bonneaud C. Contrasting the seasonal and elevational prevalence of generalist avian haemosporidia in co-occurring host species. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:6097-6111. [PMID: 32607216 PMCID: PMC7319113 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the ecology and evolution of parasites is contingent on identifying the selection pressures they face across their infection landscape. Such a task is made challenging by the fact that these pressures will likely vary across time and space, as a result of seasonal and geographical differences in host susceptibility or transmission opportunities. Avian haemosporidian blood parasites are capable of infecting multiple co-occurring hosts within their ranges, yet whether their distribution across time and space varies similarly in their different host species remains unclear. Here, we applied a new PCR method to detect avian haemosporidia (genera Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, and Plasmodium) and to determine parasite prevalence in two closely related and co-occurring host species, blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus, N = 529) and great tits (Parus major, N = 443). Our samples were collected between autumn and spring, along an elevational gradient in the French Pyrenees and over a three-year period. Most parasites were found to infect both host species, and while these generalist parasites displayed similar elevational patterns of prevalence in the two host species, this was not always the case for seasonal prevalence patterns. For example, Leucocytozoon group A parasites showed inverse seasonal prevalence when comparing between the two host species, being highest in winter and spring in blue tits but higher in autumn in great tits. While Plasmodium relictum prevalence was overall lower in spring relative to winter or autumn in both species, spring prevalence was also lower in blue tits than in great tits. Together, these results reveal how generalist parasites can exhibit host-specific epidemiology, which is likely to complicate predictions of host-parasite co-evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aisha C. Bründl
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterPenrynUK
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR5321)CNRSUniversité Paul SabatierMoulisFrance
- Present address:
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | - Maxime Cauchoix
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR5321)CNRSUniversité Paul SabatierMoulisFrance
| | - Léa A. Lejeune
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR5321)CNRSUniversité Paul SabatierMoulisFrance
| | - Louis Sallé
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR5321)CNRSUniversité Paul SabatierMoulisFrance
| | - Alice C. Thiney
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR5321)CNRSUniversité Paul SabatierMoulisFrance
| | - Andrew F. Russell
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterPenrynUK
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR5321)CNRSUniversité Paul SabatierMoulisFrance
| | - Alexis S. Chaine
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR5321)CNRSUniversité Paul SabatierMoulisFrance
- Institute for Advanced Studies in ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Camille Bonneaud
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterPenrynUK
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR5321)CNRSUniversité Paul SabatierMoulisFrance
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Bründl AC, Sorato E, Sallé L, Thiney AC, Kaulbarsch S, Chaine AS, Russell AF. Experimentally induced increases in fecundity lead to greater nestling care in blue tits. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191013. [PMID: 31238840 PMCID: PMC6599988 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Models on the evolution of bi-parental care typically assume that maternal investment in offspring production is fixed and predict subsequent contributions to offspring care by the pair are stabilized by partial compensation. While experimental tests of this prediction are supportive, exceptions are commonplace. Using wild blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), we provide, to our knowledge, the first investigation into the effects of increasing maternal investment in offspring production for subsequent contributions to nestling provisioning by mothers and male partners. Females that were induced to lay two extra eggs provisioned nestlings 43% more frequently than controls, despite clutch size being made comparable between treatment groups at the onset of incubation. Further, experimental males did not significantly reduce provisioning rates as expected by partial compensation, and if anything contributed slightly (9%) more than controls. Finally, nestlings were significantly heavier in experimental nests compared with controls, suggesting that the 22% average increase in provisioning rates by experimental pairs was beneficial. Our results have potential implications for our understanding of provisioning rules, the maintenance of bi-parental care and the timescale over which current–future life-history trade-offs operate. We recommend greater consideration of female investment at the egg stage to more fully understand the evolutionary dynamics of bi-parental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha C Bründl
- 1 Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter , Penryn Campus, Treliever Road, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE , UK.,2 Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR5321), CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier , 2 route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis , France
| | - Enrico Sorato
- 2 Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR5321), CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier , 2 route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis , France
| | - Louis Sallé
- 2 Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR5321), CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier , 2 route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis , France
| | - Alice C Thiney
- 2 Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR5321), CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier , 2 route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis , France
| | - Sonja Kaulbarsch
- 1 Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter , Penryn Campus, Treliever Road, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE , UK
| | - Alexis S Chaine
- 2 Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR5321), CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier , 2 route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis , France.,3 Toulouse School of Economics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Toulouse , 21 allée de Brienne, 31015 Toulouse , France
| | - Andrew F Russell
- 1 Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter , Penryn Campus, Treliever Road, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE , UK
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Abstract
The microbiota has a broad range of impacts on host physiology and behaviour, pointing out the need to improve our comprehension of the drivers of host-microbiota composition. Of particular interest is whether the microbiota is acquired passively, or whether and to what extent hosts themselves shape the acquisition and maintenance of their microbiota. In birds, the uropygial gland produces oily secretions used to coat feathers that have been suggested to act as an antimicrobial defence mechanism regulating body feather microbiota. However, our comprehension of this process is still limited. In this study, we for the first time coupled high-throughput sequencing of the microbiota of both body feathers and the direct environment (i.e., the nest) in great tits with chemical analyses of the composition of uropygial gland secretions to examine whether host chemicals have either specific effects on some bacteria or nonspecific broad-spectrum effects on the body feather microbiota. Using a network approach investigating the patterns of co-occurrence or co-exclusions between chemicals and bacteria within the body feather microbiota, we found no evidence for specific promicrobial or antimicrobial effects of uropygial gland chemicals. However, we found that one group of chemicals was negatively correlated to bacterial richness on body feathers, and a higher production of these chemicals was associated with a poorer body feather bacterial richness compared to the nest microbiota. Our study provides evidence that chemicals produced by the host might function as a nonspecific broad-spectrum antimicrobial defence mechanism limiting colonization and/or maintenance of bacteria on body feathers, providing new insight about the drivers of the host's microbiota composition in wild organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staffan Jacob
- EDB (Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-ENSFA UMR 5174, Toulouse, France.,Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS, UMR5321, Moulis, France.,Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Louis Sallé
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS, UMR5321, Moulis, France
| | - Lucie Zinger
- EDB (Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-ENSFA UMR 5174, Toulouse, France.,Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Alexis S Chaine
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS, UMR5321, Moulis, France.,Toulouse School of Economics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Ducamp
- EDB (Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-ENSFA UMR 5174, Toulouse, France
| | - Léa Boutault
- EDB (Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-ENSFA UMR 5174, Toulouse, France.,Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS, UMR5321, Moulis, France
| | - Andrew F Russell
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Philipp Heeb
- EDB (Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-ENSFA UMR 5174, Toulouse, France
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Honta M, Basson JC, Sallé L. La démocratie sanitaire à l’épreuve de l’action locale. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2013.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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6
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Sallé L, Brette F. T-tubules: a key structure of cardiac function and dysfunction. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 2007; 100:225-30. [PMID: 17536428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The sarcolemmal membrane of mammalian ventricular cardiomyocytes are characterised by the presence of invaginations called transverse tubules (T-tubules) which constitute a network, the transverse tubule system. T-tubules occur at the Z line as transverse elements with also longitudinal extensions. While the existence of T-tubules has been known since a long time, recent studies have suggested their structure and function can be more complex than previously believed. Many of the proteins involved in excitation-contraction coupling process are concentrated within the T-tubular network, suggesting T-tubules are a highly specialized membrane system. Thus, T-tubules are a key determinant of cardiac cell function. The fundamental role of T-tubules is emphasized by changes in their structure and protein expression occurring during pathologies such as cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. This review summarizes recent studies which highlight the key-role of the T-tubules in the regulation of cardiac function. Changes observed in pathological conditions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sallé
- EA3212 Laboratoire de physiologie cellulaire, Université de Caen, 14032 Caen, France
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7
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Sallé L, Brette F. Mechanisms underlying adaptation of action potential duration by pacing rate in rat myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2006.03.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
The action potential of cardiac ventricular myocytes is characterized by its long duration, mainly due to Ca flux through L-type Ca channels. Ca entry also serves to trigger the release of Ca from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of cell membrane invaginations called transverse (T)-tubules in determining Ca influx and action potential duration in cardiac ventricular myocytes. We used the whole cell patch clamp technique to record electrophysiological activity in intact rat ventricular myocytes (i.e., from the T-tubules and surface sarcolemma) and in detubulated myocytes (i.e., from the surface sarcolemma only). Action potentials were significantly shorter in detubulated cells than in control cells. In contrast, resting membrane potential and action potential amplitude were similar in control and detubulated myocytes. Experiments under voltage clamp using action potential waveforms were used to quantify Ca entry via the Ca current. Ca entry after detubulation was reduced by approximately 60%, a value similar to the decrease in action potential duration. We calculated that Ca influx at the T-tubules is 1.3 times that at the cell surface (4.9 vs. 3.8 micromol/L cytosol, respectively) during a square voltage clamp pulse. In contrast, during a cardiac action potential, Ca entry at the T-tubules is 2.2 times that at the cell surface (3.0 vs. 1.4 micromol/L cytosol, respectively). However, more Ca entry occurs per microm(2) of junctional membrane at the cell surface than in the T-tubules (in nM/microm(2): 1.43 vs. 1.06 during a cardiac action potential). This difference is unlikely to be due to a difference in the number of Ca channels/junction at each site because we estimate that the same number of Ca channels is present at cell surface and T-tubule junctions ( approximately 35). This study provides the first evidence that the T-tubules are a key site for the regulation of action potential duration in ventricular cardiac myocytes. Our data also provide the first direct measurements of T-tubular Ca influx, which are consistent with the idea that cardiac excitation-contraction coupling largely occurs at the T-tubule dyadic clefts.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Brette
- Department of Physiology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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Nascimento JH, Sallé L, Hoebeke J, Argibay J, Peineau N. cGMP-mediated inhibition of cardiac L-type Ca(2+) current by a monoclonal antibody against the M(2) ACh receptor. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2001; 281:C1251-8. [PMID: 11546662 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.2001.281.4.c1251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a monoclonal antibody (B8E5) directed against the second extracellular loop of the muscarinic M(2) receptor were studied on the L-type Ca(2+) currents (I(Ca,L)) of guinea pig ventricular myocytes using the whole cell patch-clamp technique. Similar to carbachol, B8E5 reduced the isoproterenol (ISO)-stimulated I(Ca,L) but did not significantly affect basal I(Ca,L). Atropine blocked the inhibitory effect of B8E5. The electrophysiological parameters of ISO-stimulated I(Ca,L) were not modified in presence of B8E5. Inhibition of I(Ca,L) by B8E5 was still observed when intracellular cAMP was either enhanced by forskolin or maintained constant by using a hydrolysis-resistant cAMP analog (8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate) or by applying the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX. The effect of B8E5 was mimicked by 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, a potent stimulator of cGMP-dependent protein kinase, and prevented by a selective inhibitor of nitric oxide-sensitive guanylyl cyclase [1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-one]. These results indicate that the antibody B8E5 inhibits the beta-adrenergic-stimulated I(Ca,L) through activation of the M(2) muscarinic receptor and further suggest that the antibody acts not via the classical pathway of decreasing intracellular cAMP, but rather by increasing cGMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Nascimento
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Abstract
Antibodies directed against the second extracellular loop of G protein-coupled receptors have been shown to exert "agonist-like" activities. In order to test the hypothesis that this is a general phenomenon, antibodies were raised in rabbits against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the second extracellular loop of the newly sequenced human cardiac 5-HT(4)receptor. The antibodies were affinity-purified and shown to recognize the 5-HT(4)receptor in immunoblots of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing the receptor. The antibodies had no intrinsic effect but could depress the activation of L -type calcium channel induced by serotonin in human atrial cells. This antagonist-like effect was exerted both by intact IgG and by Fab fragments. These results are physiologically important since it has been shown that the 5-HT(4)receptor could be a target for autoantibodies in mothers at risk of giving birth to children with neonatal atrio-ventricular block.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sallé
- Faculté des Sciences, Physiologie des Cellules Cardiaques et Vasculaires, 37200 Tours, France
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11
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Eftekhari P, Sallé L, Lezoualc'h F, Mialet J, Gastineau M, Briand JP, Isenberg DA, Fournié GJ, Argibay J, Fischmeister R, Muller S, Hoebeke J. Anti-SSA/Ro52 autoantibodies blocking the cardiac 5-HT4 serotoninergic receptor could explain neonatal lupus congenital heart block. Eur J Immunol 2000; 30:2782-90. [PMID: 11069058 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200010)30:10<2782::aid-immu2782>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The 52-kDa SSA/Ro (Ro52) ribonucleoprotein is an antigenic target strongly associated with the autoimmune response in mothers whose children develop neonatal lupus and congenital heart block. When sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were used as autoimmune controls in an enzyme immunoassay to screen for antibodies against the human serotoninergic 5-HT4-receptor, a high correlation was found between the presence of anti-Ro52 protein antibodies in such sera and antibodies reacting with a synthetic peptide, corresponding to the second extracellular loop of the human 5-HT4 receptor (amino acid residues 165-185). Homology scanning between the 5-HT4 peptide and the sequence of the Ro52 protein indicated two potential common epitopes located between residues 365 and 396 of the Ro52 protein. Cross-reactivity was found between the peptide derived from the 5-HT4 receptor, and a peptide corresponding to residues 365-382 of the Ro52 protein. Autoantibodies, affinity-purified on the 5-HT4 receptor peptide, specifically recognized both the Ro52 protein and the 5-HT4 receptor protein in immunoblots. The affinity-purified antibodies antagonized the serotonin-induced L-type Ca channel activation on human atrial cells. This effect could explain the electrophysiological abnormalities in neonatal lupus.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/immunology
- Antibody Specificity
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/complications
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- CHO Cells
- Calcium Channels/metabolism
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Cross Reactions
- Female
- Heart Block/congenital
- Heart Block/etiology
- Heart Block/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Maternally-Acquired
- Infant, Newborn
- Ion Channel Gating
- Ion Transport
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myocardium/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications/immunology
- RNA, Small Cytoplasmic
- Rabbits
- Receptors, Serotonin/chemistry
- Receptors, Serotonin/genetics
- Receptors, Serotonin/immunology
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT4
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Ribonucleoproteins/immunology
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- P Eftekhari
- UPR 9021 CNRS "Immunochimie des Peptides et des Virus", Strasbourg, France
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Cossy J, Poitevin C, Sallé L, Gomez Pardo D. The thermal rearrangement of N-alkyl-N-vinylpropargylamines into 2-methylpyrroles. A new synthesis of annulated[b]pyrroles. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(96)01467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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