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Schäfer S, Mallick E, Schwed L, König A, Zhao J, Linz N, Bodin TH, Skoog J, Possemis N, ter Huurne D, Zettergren A, Kern S, Sacuiu S, Ramakers I, Skoog I, Tröger J. Screening for Mild Cognitive Impairment Using a Machine Learning Classifier and the Remote Speech Biomarker for Cognition: Evidence from Two Clinically Relevant Cohorts. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:1165-1171. [PMID: 36565116 PMCID: PMC9912722 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials might extend outreach to a general population, causing high screen-out rates and thereby increasing study time and costs. Thus, screening tools that cost-effectively detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at scale are needed. OBJECTIVE Develop a screening algorithm that can differentiate between healthy and MCI participants in different clinically relevant populations. METHODS Two screening algorithms based on the remote ki:e speech biomarker for cognition (ki:e SB-C) were designed on a Dutch memory clinic cohort (N = 121) and a Swedish birth cohort (N = 404). MCI classification was each evaluated on the training cohort as well as on the unrelated validation cohort. RESULTS The algorithms achieved a performance of AUC 0.73 and AUC 0.77 in the respective training cohorts and AUC 0.81 in the unseen validation cohorts. CONCLUSION The results indicate that a ki:e SB-C based algorithm robustly detects MCI across different cohorts and languages, which has the potential to make current trials more efficient and improve future primary health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Schäfer
- ki:elements, Saarbrücken, Germany,Correspondence to: Simona Schäfer, ki elements GmbH, Am Holzbrunnen 1a, 66121 Saarbrücken, Germany. Tel.: +49681 372009200; E-mail:
| | | | | | - Alexandra König
- ki:elements, Saarbrücken, Germany,Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Stars Team, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | | | | | - Timothy Hadarsson Bodin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Skoog
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nina Possemis
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne ter Huurne
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Silke Kern
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simona Sacuiu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inez Ramakers
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Tröger J, Baykara E, Zhao J, ter Huurne D, Possemis N, Mallick E, Schäfer S, Schwed L, Mina M, Linz N, Ramakers I, Ritchie C. Validation of the Remote Automated ki:e Speech Biomarker for Cognition in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Verification and Validation following DiME V3 Framework. Digit Biomark 2022; 6:107-116. [PMID: 36466952 PMCID: PMC9710455 DOI: 10.1159/000526471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Progressive cognitive decline is the cardinal behavioral symptom in most dementia-causing diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. While most well-established measures for cognition might not fit tomorrow's decentralized remote clinical trials, digital cognitive assessments will gain importance. We present the evaluation of a novel digital speech biomarker for cognition (SB-C) following the Digital Medicine Society's V3 framework: verification, analytical validation, and clinical validation. METHODS Evaluation was done in two independent clinical samples: the Dutch DeepSpA (N = 69 subjective cognitive impairment [SCI], N = 52 mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and N = 13 dementia) and the Scottish SPeAk datasets (N = 25, healthy controls). For validation, two anchor scores were used: the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale. RESULTS Verification: The SB-C could be reliably extracted for both languages using an automatic speech processing pipeline. Analytical Validation: In both languages, the SB-C was strongly correlated with MMSE scores. Clinical Validation: The SB-C significantly differed between clinical groups (including MCI and dementia), was strongly correlated with the CDR, and could track the clinically meaningful decline. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the ki:e SB-C is an objective, scalable, and reliable indicator of cognitive decline, fit for purpose as a remote assessment in clinical early dementia trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daphne ter Huurne
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Possemis
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Inez Ramakers
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Craig Ritchie
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Kern F, Fehlmann T, Solomon J, Schwed L, Grammes N, Backes C, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Craig DW, Meese E, Keller A. miEAA 2.0: integrating multi-species microRNA enrichment analysis and workflow management systems. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:W521-W528. [PMID: 32374865 PMCID: PMC7319446 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene set enrichment analysis has become one of the most frequently used applications in molecular biology research. Originally developed for gene sets, the same statistical principles are now available for all omics types. In 2016, we published the miRNA enrichment analysis and annotation tool (miEAA) for human precursor and mature miRNAs. Here, we present miEAA 2.0, supporting miRNA input from ten frequently investigated organisms. To facilitate inclusion of miEAA in workflow systems, we implemented an Application Programming Interface (API). Users can perform miRNA set enrichment analysis using either the web-interface, a dedicated Python package, or custom remote clients. Moreover, the number of category sets was raised by an order of magnitude. We implemented novel categories like annotation confidence level or localisation in biological compartments. In combination with the miRBase miRNA-version and miRNA-to-precursor converters, miEAA supports research settings where older releases of miRBase are in use. The web server also offers novel comprehensive visualizations such as heatmaps and running sum curves with background distributions. We demonstrate the new features with case studies for human kidney cancer, a biomarker study on Parkinson’s disease from the PPMI cohort, and a mouse model for breast cancer. The tool is freely accessible at: https://www.ccb.uni-saarland.de/mieaa2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kern
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tobias Fehlmann
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Solomon
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Louisa Schwed
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nadja Grammes
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christina Backes
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - David Wesley Craig
- Institute of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Eckart Meese
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,School of Medicine Office, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
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