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Airody A, Baseler HA, Seymour J, Allgar V, Mukherjee R, Downey L, Dhar-Munshi S, Mahmood S, Balaskas K, Empeslidis T, Hanson RLW, Dorey T, Szczerbicki T, Sivaprasad S, Gale RP. Treatment of age-related macular degeneration with aflibercept using a treat, extend and fixed protocol; A 4-year study of treatment outcomes, durability, safety and quality of life (An extension to the MATE randomised controlled trial). Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102:e328-e338. [PMID: 37776074 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Data are limited pertaining to the long-term benefits of aflibercept treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). The aim of this study was to provide outcomes, safety, durability and quality-of-life data with aflibercept using a modified treat, extend and fixed regime over 4 years. METHODS Prospective, multicentre, single cohort observational study of treatment-naïve nAMD participants treated with aflibercept as 2-year extension of the MATE-trial that compared early and late Treat-and-Extend for 2 years. Refracted ETDRS best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), treatment interval and adverse events were assessed. Quality-of-life was measured using the Macular Disease Dependent Quality of Life (MacDQoL) and Macular Disease Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaires (MacTSQ). RESULTS Twenty-six of 40 participants completing the MATE-trial were enrolled with 20 completing the total 4-year study. Mean BCVA was 60.7 at Month 0 and 64.8 ETDRS letters at Month 48 while CRT decreased from 423.7 μm to 292.2 μm. Five participants discontinued treatment due to inactivity. The mean number of treatments and visits for the remaining participants was 27 and 30.0, respectively, with treatment intervals extended to 12 weeks in four participants at Month 48. Both AMD-specific QoL and treatment satisfaction remained stable between Months 0 and 48 and mean BCVA significantly correlated with AMD-specific QoL scores at Months 12, 24 and 48. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that BCVA can be maintained over 48 months when following a treat-extend-and-fix regimen of aflibercept with intervals out to 12 weeks, while maintaining AMD-specific QoL and treatment satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Airody
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
| | - Heidi A Baseler
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Julie Seymour
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Victoria Allgar
- Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | | | | | - Sushma Dhar-Munshi
- Kings Mill Hospital, Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield, UK
| | | | - Konstantinos Balaskas
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Theo Empeslidis
- Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Rachel L W Hanson
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
| | - Tracey Dorey
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
| | - Tom Szczerbicki
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Richard P Gale
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
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Airody A, Baseler HA, Seymour J, Allgar V, Mukherjee R, Downey L, Dhar-Munshi S, Mahmood S, Balaskas K, Empeslidis T, Hanson RLW, Dorey T, Szczerbicki T, Sivaprasad S, Gale RP. The MATE trial: a multicentre, mixed-methodology, pilot, randomised controlled trial in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023; 9:63. [PMID: 37081576 PMCID: PMC10116669 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES In healthcare research investigating complex interventions, gaps in understanding of processes can be filled by using qualitative methods alongside a quantitative approach. The aim of this mixed-methods pilot trial was to provide feasibility evidence comparing two treatment regimens for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) to inform a future large-scale randomised controlled trial (RCT). SUBJECTS/METHODS Forty-four treatment-naïve nAMD patients were followed over 24 months and randomised to one of two treatment regimens: standard care (SC) or treat and extend (T&E). The primary objective evaluated feasibility of the MATE trial via evaluations of screening logs for recruitment rates, nonparticipation and screen fails, whilst qualitative in-depth interviews with key study staff evaluated the recruitment phase and running of the trial. The secondary objective assessed changes in visual acuity and central retinal thickness (CRT) between the two treatment arms. RESULTS The overall recruitment rate was 3.07 participants per month with a 40.8% non-participation rate, 18.51% screen-failure rate and 15% withdrawal/non-completion rate. Key themes in the recruitment phase included human factors, protocol-related issues, recruitment processes and challenges. Both treatment regimens showed a trend towards a visual acuity gain at month 12 which was not maintained at month 24, whilst CRT reduced similarly in both regimens over the same time period. These were achieved with one less treatment following a T&E regimen. CONCLUSION This mixed-methodology, pilot RCT achieved its pre-defined recruitment, nonparticipation and screen failure rates, thus deeming it a success. With some minor protocol amendments, progression to a large-scale RCT will be achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Airody
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, York & Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, YO31 8HE, UK.
| | - Heidi A Baseler
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
| | - Julie Seymour
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Victoria Allgar
- Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | | | | | - Sushma Dhar-Munshi
- Kings Mill Hospital, Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield, UK
| | | | - Konstantinos Balaskas
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Theo Empeslidis
- Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Rachel L W Hanson
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, York & Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, YO31 8HE, UK
| | - Tracey Dorey
- Research and Development, York & Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
| | - Tom Szczerbicki
- Research and Development, York & Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Richard P Gale
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, York & Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, YO31 8HE, UK
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
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Lois N, Campbell C, Waugh N, Azuara-Blanco A, Maredza M, Mistry H, McAuley D, Acharya N, Aslam TM, Bailey C, Chong V, Downey L, Eleftheriadis H, Fatum S, George S, Ghanchi F, Groppe M, Hamilton R, Menon G, Saad A, Sivaprasad S, Shiew M, Steel DH, Talks JS, Doherty P, McDowell C, Clarke M. Diabetic Macular Edema and Diode Subthreshold Micropulse Laser: A Randomized Double-Masked Noninferiority Clinical Trial. Ophthalmology 2023; 130:14-27. [PMID: 35973593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine clinical effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of subthreshold micropulse laser (SML), compared with standard laser (SL), for diabetic macular edema (DME) with central retinal thickness (CRT) < 400 μm. DESIGN Pragmatic, multicenter, allocation-concealed, double-masked, randomized, noninferiority trial. PARTICIPANTS Adults with center-involved DME < 400 μm and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of > 24 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters in one/both eyes. METHODS Randomization 1:1 to 577 nm SML or SL treatment. Retreatments were allowed. Rescue with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies or steroids was permitted if 10 or more ETDRS letter loss occurred, CRT increased > 400 μm, or both. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome was mean change in BCVA in the study eye at 24 months (noninferiority margin 5 ETDRS letters). Secondary outcomes were mean change from baseline to month 24 in binocular BCVA; CRT and mean deviation of Humphrey 10-2 visual field in the study eye; percentage meeting driving standards; EuroQoL EQ-5D-5L, 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25), and Vision and Quality of Life Index (VisQoL) scores; cost per quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained; adverse effects; and number of laser and rescue treatments. RESULTS The study recruited fully (n = 266); 87% of SML-treated and 86% of SL-treated patients had primary outcome data. Mean ± standard deviation BCVA change from baseline to month 24 was -2.43 ± 8.20 letters and -0.45 ± 6.72 letters in the SML and SL groups, respectively. Subthreshold micropulse laser therapy was deemed not only noninferior but also equivalent to SL therapy because the 95% confidence interval (CI; -3.9 to -0.04 letters) lay wholly within both upper and lower margins of the permitted maximum difference (5 ETDRS letters). No statistically significant difference was found in binocular BCVA (0.32 ETDRS letters; 95% CI, -0.99 to 1.64 ETDRS letters; P = 0.63); CRT (-0.64 μm; 95% CI, -14.25 to 12.98 μm; P = 0.93); mean deviation of the visual field (0.39 decibels (dB); 95% CI, -0.23 to 1.02 dB; P = 0.21); meeting driving standards (percentage point difference, 1.6%; 95% CI, -25.3% to 28.5%; P = 0.91); adverse effects (risk ratio, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.06-1.34; P = 0.11); rescue treatments (percentage point difference, -2.8%; 95% CI, -13.1% to 7.5%; P = 0.59); or EQ-5D, NEI-VFQ-25, or VisQoL scores. Number of laser treatments was higher in the SML group (0.48; 95% CI, 0.18-0.79; P = 0.002). Base-case analysis indicated no differences in costs or QALYs. CONCLUSIONS Subthreshold micropulse laser therapy was equivalent to SL therapy, requiring slightly higher laser treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Lois
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom.
| | - Christina Campbell
- The Northern Ireland Clinical Trials Unit (NICTU), Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Norman Waugh
- The Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mandy Maredza
- The Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Hema Mistry
- The Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Danny McAuley
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom; The Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nachiketa Acharya
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tariq M Aslam
- The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital and Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Victor Chong
- Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Downey
- Hull and East Yorkshire Hospital, Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Hull, United Kingdom
| | | | - Samia Fatum
- John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sheena George
- Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Faruque Ghanchi
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Groppe
- Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire NHS Trust, Aylesbury, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Hamilton
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geeta Menon
- Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Camberley, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Saad
- James Cook University Hospital, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom; Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne Shiew
- Hinchingbrooke Hospital North West Anglia NHS Trust, Hinchingbrooke, United Kingdom
| | - David H Steel
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Sunderland and Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - James Stephen Talks
- Newcastle Eye Centre and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Doherty
- The Northern Ireland Clinical Trials Unit (NICTU), Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Cliona McDowell
- The Northern Ireland Clinical Trials Unit (NICTU), Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Clarke
- The Northern Ireland Clinical Trials Unit (NICTU), Belfast, United Kingdom; The Centre for Public Health, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Lois N, Campbell C, Waugh N, Azuara-Blanco A, Maredza M, Mistry H, McAuley D, Acharya N, Aslam TM, Bailey C, Chong V, Downey L, Eleftheriadis H, Fatum S, George S, Ghanchi F, Groppe M, Hamilton R, Menon G, Saad A, Sivaprasad S, Shiew M, Steel DH, Talks JS, Doherty P, McDowell C, Clarke M. Standard threshold laser versus subthreshold micropulse laser for adults with diabetic macular oedema: the DIAMONDS non-inferiority RCT. Health Technol Assess 2022; 26:1-86. [PMID: 36541393 PMCID: PMC9791463 DOI: 10.3310/szki2484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommends macular laser to treat diabetic macular oedema with a central retinal subfield thickness of < 400 µm on optical coherence tomography. The DIAMONDS (DIAbetic Macular Oedema aNd Diode Subthreshold micropulse laser) trial compared standard threshold macular laser with subthreshold micropulse laser to treat diabetic macular oedema suitable for macular laser. OBJECTIVES Determining the clinical effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of subthreshold micropulse laser compared with standard threshold macular laser to treat diabetic macular oedema with a central retinal subfield thickness of < 400 µm. DESIGN A pragmatic, multicentre, allocation-concealed, double-masked, randomised, non-inferiority, clinical trial. SETTING Hospital eye services in the UK. PARTICIPANTS Adults with diabetes and centre-involving diabetic macular oedema with a central retinal subfield thickness of < 400 µm, and a visual acuity of > 24 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters (Snellen equivalent > 20/320) in one/both eyes. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomised 1 : 1 to receive 577 nm subthreshold micropulse laser or standard threshold macular laser (e.g. argon laser, frequency-doubled neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet 532 nm laser); laser treatments could be repeated as needed. Rescue therapy with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies or steroids was allowed if a loss of ≥ 10 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters between visits occurred and/or central retinal subfield thickness increased to > 400 µm. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the mean change in best-corrected visual acuity in the study eye at 24 months (non-inferiority margin 5 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters). Secondary outcomes included the mean change from baseline to 24 months in the following: binocular best-corrected visual acuity; central retinal subfield thickness; the mean deviation of the Humphrey 10-2 visual field in the study eye; the percentage of people meeting driving standards; and the EuroQol-5 Dimensions, five-level version, National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire - 25 and Vision and Quality of Life Index scores. Other secondary outcomes were the cost per quality-adjusted life-years gained, adverse effects, number of laser treatments and additional rescue treatments. RESULTS The DIAMONDS trial recruited fully (n = 266); 87% of participants in the subthreshold micropulse laser group and 86% of participants in the standard threshold macular laser group had primary outcome data. Groups were balanced regarding baseline characteristics. Mean best-corrected visual acuity change in the study eye from baseline to month 24 was -2.43 letters (standard deviation 8.20 letters) in the subthreshold micropulse laser group and -0.45 letters (standard deviation 6.72 letters) in the standard threshold macular laser group. Subthreshold micropulse laser was deemed to be not only non-inferior but also equivalent to standard threshold macular laser as the 95% confidence interval (-3.9 to -0.04 letters) lay wholly within both the upper and lower margins of the permitted maximum difference (5 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in any of the secondary outcomes investigated with the exception of the number of laser treatments performed, which was slightly higher in the subthreshold micropulse laser group (mean difference 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.18 to 0.79; p = 0.002). Base-case analysis indicated no significant difference in the cost per quality-adjusted life-years between groups. FUTURE WORK A trial in people with ≥ 400 µm diabetic macular oedema comparing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy alone with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy and macular laser applied at the time when central retinal subfield thickness has decreased to < 400 µm following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections would be of value because it could reduce the number of injections and, subsequently, costs and risks and inconvenience to patients. LIMITATIONS The majority of participants enrolled had poorly controlled diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Subthreshold micropulse laser was equivalent to standard threshold macular laser but required a slightly higher number of laser treatments. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered as EudraCT 2015-001940-12, ISRCTN17742985 and NCT03690050. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research ( NIHR ) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 26, No. 50. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Chandra S, McKibbin M, Mahmood S, Downey L, Barnes B, Sivaprasad S. The Royal College of Ophthalmologists Commissioning guidelines on age macular degeneration: executive summary. Eye (Lond) 2022; 36:2078-2083. [PMID: 35624304 PMCID: PMC9582190 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Chandra
- National Institute of Health Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | | | - Sajjad Mahmood
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Beth Barnes
- The Royal College of Ophthalmologists, London, UK
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- National Institute of Health Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK.
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Pearce I, Amoaku W, Bailey C, Downey L, Gale R, Ghanchi F, Hamilton R, Mahmood S, Menon G, Nosek J, Talks J, Yang Y. The changing landscape for the management of patients with neovascular AMD: brolucizumab in clinical practice. Eye (Lond) 2022; 36:1725-1734. [PMID: 35314774 PMCID: PMC8936380 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Untreated neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) can lead to severe and permanent visual impairment. The chronic nature of the disease can have a significant impact on patients’ quality of life and an economic and time burden on medical retina (MR) services, with the care need outweighing the growth of resources that clinical services can access. The introduction of a new treatment into clinical services can be challenging, especially for services that are already under capacity constraints. Guidance for practical implementation is therefore helpful. Roundtable meetings, facilitated by Novartis UK, between a working group of MR experts with experience of leading and managing NHS retinal services in the intravitreal era were conducted between 2020 and 2021. These meetings explored various aspects and challenges of introducing a new anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy to the UK medical retina services. Provision of clear expert recommendations and practical guidance nationally, that can be adapted locally as required to support clinicians and healthcare professionals (HCPs), is valuable in supporting the introduction of a new anti-VEGF therapy within the NHS environment. The experts provide ophthalmologic HCPs with a collation of insights and recommendations to support the introduction and delivery of brolucizumab in their local service in the face of current and projected growth in demand for retina care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Pearce
- St Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Winfried Amoaku
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Clare Bailey
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Richard Gale
- University of York and York Teaching Hospital, York, UK
| | - Faruque Ghanchi
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Robin Hamilton
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sajjad Mahmood
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Geeta Menon
- Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, Frimley, UK
| | | | - James Talks
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yit Yang
- Wolverhampton Eye Infirmary, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
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Stammers M, Rahmany S, Downey L, Borca F, Harris C, Harris R, McDonnell M, Sartain S, Coleman N, Stacey B, Smith TR, Cummings F, Felwick R, Gwiggner M. Impact of direct-access IBD physician delivered endoscopy on clinical outcomes: a pre-implementation and post-implementation study. Frontline Gastroenterol 2022; 13:477-483. [PMID: 36250165 PMCID: PMC9555126 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2021-102047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) referred from primary care often face diagnostic and treatment delays. This study aimed to compare a novel direct-access IBD endoscopy pathway with the traditional care model. METHOD Single centre real-world study analysing primary care referrals with suspected IBD. Group A: patients triaged to direct-access IBD endoscopy. Group B: patients undergoing traditional outpatient appointments before the availability of direct-access IBD endoscopy. Demographics, fecal calprotectin (FCP), C-reactive protein (CRP), disease activity score, endoscopy findings, treatment and follow-up were collected and statistically analysed. Ranked semantic analysis of IBD symptoms contained within referral letters was performed. RESULTS Referral letters did not differ significantly in Groups A and B. Demographic data, FCP and CRP values were similar. Referral to treatment time (RTT) at the time of IBD endoscopy was reduced from 177 days (Group B) to 24 days (Group A) (p<0.0001). Diagnostic yield of IBD was 35.6% (Group B) versus 62.0% (Group A) (p=0.0003). 89.2% of patients underwent colonoscopy in Group B versus 46.4% in Group A. DNA rates were similar in both groups. The direct to IBD endoscopy pathway saved 100% of initial IBD consultant clinics with a 2.5-fold increase in IBD nurse-led follow-up. CONCLUSION Our novel pathway resulted in an 86% reduction in RTT with associated increased diagnostic yield while saving 100% of initial IBD consultant outpatient appointments. Replication in other trusts may improve patient experience and accelerate time to diagnosis/treatment while optimising the use of healthcare resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Stammers
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK,Clinical Informatics Research Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sohail Rahmany
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK,Research and Development, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Louise Downey
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Florina Borca
- Clinical Informatics Research Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK,UHS Digital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Clare Harris
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK,Research and Development, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard Harris
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK,Research and Development, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Martin McDonnell
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK,Research and Development, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Stephanie Sartain
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK,Research and Development, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Nicolas Coleman
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Bernard Stacey
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Trevor R Smith
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK,Research and Development, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Fraser Cummings
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK,Research and Development, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard Felwick
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Markus Gwiggner
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK,School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
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Skelly A, Taylor N, Fasser C, Malkowski JP, Goswami P, Downey L. Patient Preferences in the Management of Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Conjoint Analysis. Adv Ther 2022; 39:4808-4820. [PMID: 35995894 PMCID: PMC9464751 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To identify patient preference drivers related to the management of wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a self-explicated 'conjoint analysis' survey was administered online to eligible patients with wet AMD (receiving anti-vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] treatment for at least 12 months) from the USA, Canada, UK, France, Spain, Germany, Italy, Japan, Taiwan, and Australia. The survey consisted of six domains with 21 attributes, which were selected on the basis of a literature review, social media listening, and tele-interviews/discussions with patients, clinical experts, and patient groups. Utility and relative importance scores were generated for each attribute and utility difference significance testing was performed using 'unequal variances t tests'. The Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13) questionnaire was administered to assess patients' knowledge, skill, and confidence in self-management. RESULTS A total of 466 patients (mean age, 68 years; women, 54%; binocular wet AMD, 28%) with an average anti-VEGF treatment duration of 3.9 years completed the survey. The most important preference domains were 'treatment effects on vision' (non-significant) and 'vision-related symptom burdens' (p < 0.001), followed by 'treatment risk' (p < 0.05), 'impact on daily activities' (p < 0.05), 'burden of clinic/hospital visits' (p < 0.001), and 'impact on psychological well-being'. The five most important attributes in order of importance were clarity of vision, treatment effect on symptoms, quality of vision, time to treatment effect, and time to re-administration. The two most important attributes globally were also in the top three attributes across countries. The majority of participants in the study were level 3 or level 4 of the PAM-13 questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS This study identified the most important disease and treatment attributes to patients using patient-centred methods. The data showed the degree of harmonization of preferences across geographies and that participants actively adopt behaviours required for improved treatment outcomes. The identified preference drivers may inform future clinical development.
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9
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Sivaprasad S, Banister K, Azuara-Blanco A, Goulao B, Cook JA, Hogg R, Scotland G, Heimann H, Lotery A, Ghanchi F, Gale R, Menon G, Downey L, Hopkins N, Scanlon P, Burton B, Ramsay C, Chakravarthy U. Diagnostic accuracy of monitoring tests of fellow eyes in patients with unilateral neovascular age related macular degeneration (EDNA study). Ophthalmology 2021; 128:1736-1747. [PMID: 34329651 PMCID: PMC8639888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of routinely used tests of visual function and retinal morphology compared with fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) to detect onset of active macular neovascularization in unaffected fellow eyes of patients with unilateral neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Design Prospective diagnostic accuracy cohort study conducted in 24 eye clinics in the United Kingdom over 3 years. Participants Older adults (>50 years) with recently diagnosed unilateral nAMD with a fellow (study) eye free of nAMD. Methods Self-reported vision, Amsler, clinic-measured visual acuity (VA), fundus assessment, and spectral domain OCT. The reference standard is FFA. Main Outcome Measures Sensitivity and specificity of the 5 index tests. Results Of 552 participants monitored for up to 3 years, 145 (26.3%) developed active nAMD in the study eye, of whom 120 had an FFA at detection and constituted the primary analysis cohort. Index test positives at nAMD detection in those confirmed by FFA were self-reported vision much worse (5), distortion on Amsler (33), 10-letter decrease in acuity from baseline (36), fundus examination (64), and OCT (110). Percentage index test sensitivities were: self-reported vision 4.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6–9.8); Amsler 33.7 (95% CI, 25.1–43.5); VA 30.0 (95% CI, 22.5–38.7); fundus examination 53.8 (95% CI, 44.8–62.5); and OCT 91.7 (95% CI, 85.2–95.6). All 5 index test specificities were high at 97.0 (95% CI, 94.6–98.5), 81.4 (95% CI, 76.4–85.5), 66.3 (95% CI, 61.0–71.1), 97.6 (95% CI, 95.3–98.9), and 87.8 (95% CI, 83.8–90.9), respectively. The combination of OCT with one other index test that was a secondary outcome measure increased sensitivity marginally and decreased specificity for all combinations except fundus examination. Conclusions Tests of self-reported change in vision, unmasking of new distortion, measurements of acuity, and fundus checks to diagnose active nAMD performed poorly in contrast to OCT. Our findings support a change to guidelines in clinical practice to monitor for onset of nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobha Sivaprasad
- Moorfields National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, London, EC1V 2PD
| | - Katie Banister
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK AB25 2ZD
| | | | - Beatriz Goulao
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK AB25 2ZD
| | - Jonathan A Cook
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF
| | - Ruth Hogg
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA
| | - Graham Scotland
- Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2LD
| | - Heinrich Heimann
- St. Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Liverpool, L7 8XP
| | - Andrew Lotery
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, S016 6YD
| | - Faruque Ghanchi
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, BD9 6RJ
| | - Richard Gale
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, York, YO31 8HE
| | - Geeta Menon
- Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, GU16 7UJ
| | - Louise Downey
- Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Anlaby Rd, Hull HU3 2JZ
| | | | - Peter Scanlon
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHSFT, Cheltenham GL53 7AN
| | - Ben Burton
- James Paget University Hospital, Lowestoft Road, Gorleston NR31 6LA
| | - Craig Ramsay
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK AB25 2ZD
| | - Usha Chakravarthy
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA.
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10
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Downey L, Acharya N, Devonport H, Gale R, Habib M, Manjunath V, Mukherjee R, Severn P. Treatment choices for diabetic macular oedema: a guideline for when to consider an intravitreal corticosteroid, including adaptations for the COVID-19 era. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2021; 6:e000696. [PMID: 34192155 PMCID: PMC8088120 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
First-line treatment of centrally involved diabetic macular oedema (CI-DMO) is often with an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agent. Although this can provide efficacy in the majority of eyes, a sizeable proportion do not respond sufficiently and many continue to receive anti-VEGF therapy after it may be optimal. This imposes a treatment burden on both patients and clinicians and, most importantly of all, can be sight threatening. Changing treatment to an intravitreal corticosteroid implant at the appropriate time may help optimise patient outcomes and reduce injection frequency, thereby reducing treatment burden. Eight retina specialists convened to discuss how to ensure eyes with CI-DMO receiving intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy are evaluated for a potential change to intravitreal corticosteroid therapy at the most effective time in their treatment journey. They concluded that clear criteria on when to consider changing treatment would be helpful and so developed a consensus guideline covering key decision points such as when and how to assess response to anti-VEGF therapy, when to consider a change to corticosteroid therapy and when and how to assess the response to corticosteroid therapy. The guideline was developed before the COVID-19 pandemic but, with the additional challenges arising from this including even greater pressure on clinic capacity, it is more important than ever to reconsider current working practices and adopt changes to improve patient care while also easing pressure on clinic capacity, reducing hospital visits and maintaining patient safety. This publication therefore also includes suggestions for adapting the guidelines in the COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Downey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, Kingston upon Hull, UK
| | - Nachiketa Acharya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen Devonport
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Richard Gale
- Department of Ophthalmology, York Hospital, York, UK
| | - Maged Habib
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Sunderland, UK
| | - Vina Manjunath
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Philip Severn
- Department of Ophthalmology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
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11
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Harris C, Harris RJ, Downey L, Gwiggner M. Management of Crohn's disease in an immunosuppressed COVID-19-positive patient: safety-driven prioritisation of nutritional therapy as a bridge to restarting immunosuppression. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e239404. [PMID: 33753379 PMCID: PMC7986758 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), combined immunosuppression and corticosteroid therapy have all been identified as risk factors for a poor outcome in COVID-19 infection. The management of patients with both COVID-19 infection and active IBD is therefore complex. We present the case of a 31-year-old patient with Crohn's disease, on dual immunosuppression with infliximab and mercaptopurine presenting with inflammatory small bowel obstruction and COVID-19 infection. The case highlights the use of nutritional therapy, which remains underused in the management of adults with IBD, to manage his flare acutely. Following negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing and SARS-CoV-2 IgG testing confirming an antibody response, ustekinumab (anti-interleukin 12/23) was prescribed for long-term maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Harris
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard James Harris
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Louise Downey
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Markus Gwiggner
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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12
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McDonnell M, Harris RJ, Borca F, Mills T, Downey L, Dharmasiri S, Patel M, Zare B, Stammers M, Smith TR, Felwick R, Cummings JRF, Phan HTT, Gwiggner M. High incidence of glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycaemia in inflammatory bowel disease: metabolic and clinical predictors identified by machine learning. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2020; 7:e000532. [PMID: 33187976 PMCID: PMC7668301 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticosteroids (GC) are long-established, widely used agents for induction of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Hyperglycaemia is a known complication of GC treatment with implications for morbidity and mortality. Published data on prevalence and risk factors for GC-induced hyperglycaemia in the IBD population are limited. We prospectively characterise this complication in our cohort, employing machine-learning methods to identify key predictors of risk. METHODS We conducted a prospective observational study of IBD patients receiving intravenous hydrocortisone (IVH). Electronically triggered three times daily capillary blood glucose (CBG) monitoring was recorded alongside diabetes mellitus (DM) history, IBD biomarkers, nutritional and IBD clinical activity scores. Hyperglycaemia was defined as CBG ≥11.1 mmol/L and undiagnosed DM as glycated haemoglobin ≥48 mmol/mol. Random forest (RF) regression models were used to extract predictor-patterns present within the dataset. RESULTS 94 consecutive IBD patients treated with IVH were included. 60% (56/94) of the cohort recorded an episode of hyperglycaemia, including 57% (50/88) of those with no history of DM, of which 19% (17/88) and 5% (4/88) recorded a CBG ≥14 mmol/L and ≥20 mmol/L, respectively. The RF models identified increased C-reactive protein (CRP) followed by a longer IBD duration as leading risk predictors for significant hyperglycaemia. CONCLUSION Hyperglycaemia is common in IBD patients treated with intravenous GC. Therefore, CBG monitoring should be included in routine clinical practice. Machine learning methods can identify key risk factors for clinical complications. Steroid-sparing treatment strategies may be considered for those IBD patients with higher admission CRP and greater disease duration, who appear to be at the greatest risk of hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin McDonnell
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Human Health and Development, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard J Harris
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Florina Borca
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Clinical Informatics Research Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Tilly Mills
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Louise Downey
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Suranga Dharmasiri
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Mayank Patel
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Benjamin Zare
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Matt Stammers
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Facility, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Trevor R Smith
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard Felwick
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - J R Fraser Cummings
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Human Health and Development, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Hang T T Phan
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Clinical Informatics Research Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Markus Gwiggner
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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13
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Harris RJ, Downey L, Smith TR, Cummings JRF, Felwick R, Gwiggner M. Life in lockdown: experiences of patients with IBD during COVID-19. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2020; 7:e000541. [PMID: 33214234 PMCID: PMC7677865 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE COVID-19 has disrupted the normal way of life in the UK, but for some patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the impact of this unprecedented global emergency was far greater. We aimed to assess the experience of patients with IBD during the COVID-19 lockdown. DESIGN We designed a survey focused on the impact of COVID-19 on IBD healthcare, social and psychological well-being and quality of life. To capture those most likely to be affected we targeted survey invitations at our British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) defined high and moderate-risk IBD population. Access to the survey was also available via our trust's social media pages. RESULTS 685 responses were received. 76% of respondents categorised themselves in BSG defined moderate or high-risk groups, requiring stringent social distancing or shielding. 87% did not change their IBD medication, with most reported changes initiated by the IBD team. 39% were worried about their IBD care, but most services were largely uninterrupted. 90% received 'at-risk' notification often from multiple sources, but 17% not until May. The majority reported a negative impact of COVID-19 on their quality of life and significantly increased perceived stress. Patients expressed a strong wish of having future care delivered remotely. CONCLUSION COVID-19 has had a significant negative impact on psychological well-being of patients with IBD. Local IBD services must have a robust data set of vulnerable patients and be designated future responsibility for prompt communication of advice to avoid delayed and sometimes conflicting information. Remote patient management systems should be further developed and embedded in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard James Harris
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Louise Downey
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Trevor R Smith
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - J R Fraser Cummings
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard Felwick
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Markus Gwiggner
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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14
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Gale RP, Mahmood S, Devonport H, Patel PJ, Ross AH, Walters G, Downey L, El-Sherbiny S, Freeman M, Berry S, Jain N. Action on neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD): recommendations for management and service provision in the UK hospital eye service. Eye (Lond) 2020; 33:1-21. [PMID: 30926932 PMCID: PMC6474281 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This publication and the expert roundtable meeting on which the article is based were sponsored by Bayer plc. Prescribing information for Eylea® (aflibercept solution for injection) can be found at the end of the article. This report by a group of UK retina specialists and health professionals considers best practice recommendations for the management of sight-threatening neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), based on collective experience and expertise in routine clinical practice. The authors provide an update for ophthalmologists, allied healthcare professionals and commissioners on practice principles for optimal patient care and service provision standards. Refinement of care pathways for nAMD has improved access to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy but there are still variations in care and reported outcomes between clinic centres. Innovative organisational models of service provision allow providers to better match capacity with increasing demand. The authors review the recent NICE guideline for diagnosis and management of AMD, considerations for switching therapies and stopping treatment and need for regular monitoring of non-affected fellow eyes in patients with unilateral nAMD. Actions for delivery of high-quality care and to improve long-term patient outcomes are discussed. Local pathways need to detail nAMD target time to treat, maintenance of review intervals to ensure proactive treatment regimens are delivered on time and appropriate discharge for patients deemed low risk or no longer benefiting from treatment. Actual visual acuity outcomes achieved and maintenance of the level of vision when disease stability is achieved are considered good measures for judging the quality of care in the treatment of patients with nAMD. Robust community referral pathways must be in place for suspected reactivation of choroidal neovascularisation and rapid referral for second eye involvement. Practical considerations for intravitreal injection therapy are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Gale
- The Action on nAMD Group, Birmingham, UK. .,The York Hospital, York, UK.
| | - Sajjad Mahmood
- The Action on nAMD Group, Birmingham, UK.,Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen Devonport
- The Action on nAMD Group, Birmingham, UK.,Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Praveen J Patel
- The Action on nAMD Group, Birmingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Adam H Ross
- The Action on nAMD Group, Birmingham, UK.,University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Gavin Walters
- The Action on nAMD Group, Birmingham, UK.,Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate, UK
| | - Louise Downey
- The Action on nAMD Group, Birmingham, UK.,Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Samer El-Sherbiny
- The Action on nAMD Group, Birmingham, UK.,South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Warwickshire, UK
| | - Mary Freeman
- The Action on nAMD Group, Birmingham, UK.,Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon Berry
- The Action on nAMD Group, Birmingham, UK.,Simon Berry Optometrist, Durham, UK
| | - Nitin Jain
- The Action on nAMD Group, Birmingham, UK.,Bayer, Reading, UK
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15
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Amoaku W, Bailey C, Downey L, Gale RP, Ghanchi F, Hamilton R, Mahmood S, Menon G, Nosek J, Pearce I, Yang Y. Providing a Safe and Effective Intravitreal Treatment Service: Strategies for Service Delivery. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:1315-1328. [PMID: 32546938 PMCID: PMC7239611 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s233061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An aging population leads to increasing demand for medical retina services with chronic diseases being managed in long-term care pathways. Many hospital services struggle to deliver efficient and effective MR care due, at least in part, to infrastructure that does not expand responsively enough to meet the increased demand. A steering committee of retinal specialists from a variety of UK NHS hospital ophthalmology departments with experience of leading and managing NHS retinal services in the intravitreal era came together for the generation of this document to review and compile key aspects that should be considered when optimising intravitreal treatment capacity within MR services. This article aims to provide a useful collation and signposting of key published evidence, consensus and insights on aspects of delivering an intravitreal service, including treatment regimens, virtual clinics, staff training and governance, telemedicine and information technology, and data collection and key performance indicators. The objective is to equip ophthalmologic healthcare professionals with the necessary tools to develop and adapt their local service in the face of current and projected increased demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfried Amoaku
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Clare Bailey
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Louise Downey
- Hull and East Yorkshire Eye Hospital, Hull University Teaching Hospital, Hull, UK
| | | | - Faruque Ghanchi
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | | | - Sajjad Mahmood
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Geeta Menon
- Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, Frimley, UK
| | | | - Ian Pearce
- St Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yit Yang
- Wolverhampton Eye Infirmary, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
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16
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Chakravarthy U, Bailey CC, Scanlon PH, McKibbin M, Khan RS, Mahmood S, Downey L, Dhingra N, Brand C, Brittain CJ, Willis JR, Venerus A, Muthutantri A, Cantrell RA. Progression from Early/Intermediate to Advanced Forms of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Large UK Cohort: Rates and Risk Factors. Ophthalmol Retina 2020; 4:662-672. [PMID: 32144084 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate rates and risk factors for progression to geographic atrophy (GA) or choroidal neovascularization (CNV) among eyes diagnosed with early or intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in clinical practice. DESIGN Retrospective cohort analysis of a multicenter electronic medical record (EMR) database from the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS Patients aged 50 years or more with diagnosis of early/intermediate AMD in at least 1 eye (the study eye) and no evidence of CNV or GA in the study eye, from 10 clinical sites using the EMR. METHODS Anonymized data for 40 543 patients with a diagnosis of early/intermediate AMD were extracted between October 2000 and February 2016 from EMR database records held in the 10 sites. A sample of records randomly selected from each center was used to validate disease definitions. Records were analyzed by subgroup, based on the AMD status of the fellow eye. Multivariate Cox regression models identified other predictors of disease progression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Progression rate (per 100 person-years) to GA or CNV in study eyes with early/intermediate AMD by fellow eye status and identified risk factors for progression. RESULTS Study eyes with early/intermediate AMD and a diagnosis of CNV in the fellow eye progressed to CNV fastest (at a rate of 15.2 per 100 person-years), and those with a diagnosis of GA in the fellow eye progressed to GA fastest (11.2 per 100 person-years), compared with the rates per 100 person-years of progression to CNV (3.2-11.9) or GA (2.0-7.8) in the other subgroups. In individuals with bilateral early/intermediate AMD, rates of progression to GA or CNV were 2.0 and 3.2 per 100 person-years, respectively. In the multivariate model, age, female sex, and cardiovascular disease were associated with an increased risk for progression to advanced AMD, whereas diabetes and glaucoma were associated with a decreased rate of progression (hazard ratios, 0.45 and 0.64, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Progression to GA or CNV was observed frequently in eyes with early/intermediate AMD, with the status of the fellow eye affecting the rate of progression. Novel associations with risk factors were observed and require replication in other cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Chakravarthy
- Queen's University of Belfast Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Ireland.
| | - Clare C Bailey
- University Hospitals Bristol National Health Service Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Peter H Scanlon
- Gloucestershire Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, United Kingdom
| | - Martin McKibbin
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rehna S Khan
- Calderdale and Huddersfield National Health Service Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sajjad Mahmood
- Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Downey
- Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Narendra Dhingra
- Mid Yorkshire Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Wakefield, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Brand
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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17
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Ross AH, Downey L, Devonport H, Gale RP, Kotagiri A, Mahmood S, Mehta H, Narendran N, Patel PJ, Parmar N, Jain N. Recommendations by a UK expert panel on an aflibercept treat-and-extend pathway for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Eye (Lond) 2020; 34:1825-1834. [PMID: 31900438 PMCID: PMC7608090 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This report aims to provide clear recommendations and practical guidance from a panel of UK retinal experts on an aflibercept treat-and-extend (T&E) pathway that can be implemented in clinical practice. These recommendations may help service providers across the NHS intending to implement a T&E approach, with the aim of effectively addressing the capacity and resource issues putting strain on UK neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) services while promoting patients’ best interests throughout. Methods Two structured roundtable meetings of retinal specialists were held in London, UK on 7 December 2018 and 1 March 2019. These meetings were organised and funded by Bayer. Results The panel provided recommendations for an aflibercept T&E pathway and developed specific criteria based on visual acuity, retinal morphology and optical coherence tomography imaging to guide reduction, maintenance and extension of injection intervals. They also discussed the extension of treatment intervals by 2- or 4-week adjustments to a maximum treatment interval of 16 weeks, the management of retinal fluid and the stopping of treatment. Conclusions The long-term benefits of implementing a T&E pathway may include superior visual outcomes compared with a pro re nata (PRN; as needed) protocol, and a lower treatment burden compared with a fixed protocol, which is likely to improve service capacity. Furthermore, the predictable nature of a T&E approach compared with a PRN service may aid capacity planning for the future nAMD treatment demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Ross
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.
| | - Louise Downey
- Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Helen Devonport
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | | | - Ajay Kotagiri
- South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK
| | - Sajjad Mahmood
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Hemal Mehta
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Praveen J Patel
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
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Chakravarthy U, Pearce I, Banerjee S, Burton BJL, Downey L, Gale R, Patel J, Patra S, Sivaprasad S, Stevenson M, Lupton S. Patient-reported outcomes in the RELIGHT clinical trial of ranibizumab in diabetic macular oedema. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2019; 4:e000226. [PMID: 31179389 PMCID: PMC6528749 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aims The RELIGHT clinical trial used an individualised treatment regimen of ranibizumab to treat diabetic macular oedema (DMO). We report findings from two patient-reported outcome instruments. Methods The National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ) was administered before starting treatment (M0) and at M6, 12 and 18. The Macular Disease Society Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (MacTSQ) was administered 1 month after treatment start (M1) and at M6, 12 and 18. Relationships between best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the study eye (SE) and the status of the eye at baseline (as better or worse eye by BCVA) and the two instrument measures were investigated. Results BCVA in the SE correlated strongly with the NEI-VFQ composite scores and the majority of the subscales but not with the MacTSQ subscales. Statistically significant improvements were observed in the majority of the subscales of the NEI-VFQ at M6, 12 and 18. For the MacTSQ, improvements between baseline M6, 12 and 18 were seen for subscale 1 but only reached statistical significance at M12. In subscale 2, the changes in mean scores were statistically significant at all timepoints. Conclusions Although ranibizumab treatment in DMO over an 18-month period resulted in improvements in visual functioning and patient satisfaction, no correlation was found between the instruments used to measure these outcomes. Our finding of a lack of correlation between BCVA and the MacTSQ suggests the presence of psychophysical factors not measured by traditional means.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Pearce
- St Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Benjamin J L Burton
- Departmentof Ophthalmology, James Paget University Hospital, Great Yarmouth, UK
| | - Louise Downey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
| | - Richard Gale
- Departmentof Ophthalmology, The York Hospital UK, York, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Susanne Lupton
- Departmentof Ophthalmology, Novartis Pharma UK, Frimley, UK
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Denniston AK, Lee AY, Lee CS, Crabb DP, Bailey C, Lip PL, Taylor P, Pikoula M, Cook E, Akerele T, Antcliff R, Brand C, Chakravarthy U, Chavan R, Dhingra N, Downey L, Eleftheriadis H, Ghanchi F, Khan R, Kumar V, Lobo A, Lotery A, Menon G, Mukherjee R, Palmer H, Patra S, Paul B, Sim DA, Talks JS, Wilkinson E, Tufail A, Egan CA. United Kingdom Diabetic Retinopathy Electronic Medical Record (UK DR EMR) Users Group: report 4, real-world data on the impact of deprivation on the presentation of diabetic eye disease at hospital services. Br J Ophthalmol 2019; 103:837-843. [PMID: 30269098 PMCID: PMC6582816 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the impact of deprivation on diabetic retinopathy presentation and related treatment interventions, as observed within the UK hospital eye service. METHODS This is a multicentre, national diabetic retinopathy database study with anonymised data extraction across 22 centres from an electronic medical record system. The following were the inclusion criteria: all patients with diabetes and a recorded, structured diabetic retinopathy grade. The minimum data set included, for baseline, age and Index of Multiple Deprivation, based on residential postcode; and for all time points, visual acuity, ETDRS grading of retinopathy and maculopathy, and interventions (laser, intravitreal therapies and surgery). The main outcome measures were (1) visual acuity and binocular visual state, and (2) presence of sight-threatening complications and need for early treatment. RESULTS 79 775 patients met the inclusion criteria. Deprivation was associated with later presentation in patients with diabetic eye disease: the OR of being sight-impaired at entry into the hospital eye service (defined as 6/18 to better than 3/60 in the better seeing eye) was 1.29 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.39) for the most deprived decile vs 0.77 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.86) for the least deprived decile; the OR for being severely sight-impaired (3/60 or worse in the better seeing eye) was 1.17 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.55) for the most deprived decile vs 0.88 (95% CI 0.61 to 1.27) for the least deprived decile (reference=fifth decile in all cases). There is also variation in sight-threatening complications at presentation and treatment undertaken: the least deprived deciles had lower chance of having a tractional retinal detachment (OR=0.48 and 0.58 for deciles 9 and 10, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.90 and 0.29 to 1.09, respectively); in terms of accessing treatment, the rate of having a vitrectomy was lowest in the most deprived cohort (OR=0.34, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.58). CONCLUSIONS This large real-world study suggests that first presentation at a hospital eye clinic with visual loss or sight-threatening diabetic eye disease is associated with deprivation. These initial hospital visits represent the first opportunities to receive treatment and to formally engage with support services. Such patients are more likely to be sight-impaired or severely sight-impaired at presentation, and may need additional resources to engage with the hospital eye services over complex treatment schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair K Denniston
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Aaron Y Lee
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Clare Bailey
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Peck-Lin Lip
- Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Taylor
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Pikoula
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Esther Cook
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
| | - Toks Akerele
- Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust, Hinchingbrooke, UK
| | | | | | | | - Randhir Chavan
- Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Louise Downey
- Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hull, UK
| | | | - Faruque Ghanchi
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Rehna Khan
- Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Calderdale, UK
| | - Vineeth Kumar
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, UK
| | - Aires Lobo
- Moorfields Eye Centre at Bedford Hospital, Bedford, UK
| | - Andrew Lotery
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Geeta Menon
- Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Frimley, UK
| | | | - Helen Palmer
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Bobby Paul
- Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Romford, UK
| | - Dawn A Sim
- Moorfields Eye Centre at Croydon University Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | - Adnan Tufail
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Catherine A Egan
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
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Harris RJ, McDonnell M, Young D, Bettey M, Downey L, Pigott L, Felwick R, Gwiggner M, Cummings JRF. Early real-world effectiveness of ustekinumab for Crohn's disease. Frontline Gastroenterol 2019; 11:111-116. [PMID: 32133109 PMCID: PMC7043072 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2019-101237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the effectiveness of ustekinumab in treating Crohn's disease (CD) in a UK real-world setting. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study using prospectively maintained clinical records. SETTING Single UK inflammatory bowel disease centre. PATIENTS Adult patients with an established diagnosis of CD prescribed ustekinumab outside of clinical trials at University Hospital Southampton (UHS). INTERVENTIONS Ustekinumab, a monoclonal antibody to the shared p40 subunit of interleukin (IL) 12 and IL-23 as part of routine clinical care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Effectiveness as measured by an improvement in physician's global assessment, drug persistence and improvement in biomarkers (C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin and calprotectin). RESULTS 84 patients were included, 72 had a postinduction review and 49 had 1-year data. At postinduction clinical review, clinical response occurred in 53% of patients and clinical remission occurred in 8%. For patients on ustekinumab at 1 year, clinical response occurred in 71% and remission in 14%. Adverse events included four patients with infections requiring admission, one drug-related rash, five CD surgeries and two CD exacerbations. CONCLUSIONS Ustekinumab was well tolerated in a complex UK CD population and demonstrated benefit to patients in terms of clinical response and improvement of biomarkers and with some patients attaining clinical remission. No unexpected safety signals were seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard James Harris
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Martin McDonnell
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - David Young
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Marion Bettey
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Louise Downey
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Lucinda Pigott
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard Felwick
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Markus Gwiggner
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - J R Fraser Cummings
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK,Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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21
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McKibbin M, Downey L. Secondary End Points in the RIVAL Study. JAMA Ophthalmol 2019; 137:379-381. [DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.6807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin McKibbin
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Leeds, England
| | - Louise Downey
- Hull and East Yorkshire Eye Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Yorkshire, England
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22
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Zare B, Harris R, Dharmasiri S, Mcdonnell M, Steane T, Downey L, Cummings F, Gwiggner M, Mitchell B. The monitoring and incidence of hyperglycaemia in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with intravenous steroids. Clin Med (Lond) 2019. [DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.19-2-s20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Lois N, Gardner E, Waugh N, Azuara-Blanco A, Mistry H, McAuley D, Acharya N, Aslam TM, Bailey C, Chong V, Downey L, Eleftheriadis H, Fatum S, George S, Ghanchi F, Groppe M, Hamilton R, Menon G, Saad A, Sivaprasad S, Shiew M, Steel DH, Talks JS, Adams C, Campbell C, Mills M, Clarke M. Diabetic macular oedema and diode subthreshold micropulse laser (DIAMONDS): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:122. [PMID: 30755274 PMCID: PMC6373040 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the UK, macular laser is the treatment of choice for people with diabetic macular oedema with central retinal subfield thickness (CST) < 400 μm, as per National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines. It remains unclear whether subthreshold micropulse laser is superior and should replace standard threshold laser for the treatment of eligible patients. METHODS DIAMONDS is a pragmatic, multicentre, allocation-concealed, randomised, equivalence, double-masked clinical trial that aims to determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of subthreshold micropulse laser compared with standard threshold laser, for the treatment of diabetic macular oedema with CST < 400 μm. The primary outcome is the mean change in best-corrected visual acuity in the study eye from baseline to month 24 post treatment. Secondary outcomes (at 24 months) include change in binocular best corrected visual acuity; CST; mean deviation of the Humphrey 10-2 visual field; change in percentage of people meeting driving standards; European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions, National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 and VisQoL scores; incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year gained; side effects; number of laser treatments and use of additional therapies. The primary statistical analysis will be per protocol rather than intention-to-treat analysis because the latter increases type I error in non-inferiority or equivalence trials. The difference between lasers for change in best-corrected visual acuity (using 95% CI) will be compared to the permitted maximum difference of five Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters. Linear and logistic regression models will be used to compare outcomes between treatment groups. A Markov-model-based cost-utility analysis will extend beyond the trial period to estimate longer-term cost-effectiveness. DISCUSSION This trial will determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of subthreshold micropulse laser, when compared with standard threshold laser, for the treatment of diabetic macular oedema, the main cause of sight loss in people with diabetes mellitus. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials, ISRCTN17742985 . Registered on 19 May 2017 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Lois
- From The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK
| | - Evie Gardner
- The Northern Ireland Clinical Trials Unit (NICTU), Belfast, UK
| | - Norman Waugh
- The Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | | | - Hema Mistry
- The Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - Danny McAuley
- From The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK
- The Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Tariq M. Aslam
- The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital and Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Victor Chong
- Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Louise Downey
- Hull and East Yorkshire Hospital, Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | | | - Samia Fatum
- John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Sheena George
- Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Markus Groppe
- Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Robin Hamilton
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Geeta Menon
- Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Camberly, UK
| | - Ahmed Saad
- James Cook University Hospital, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
- Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Marianne Shiew
- Hinchingbrooke Hospital North West Anglia NHS Trust, Hinchingbrooke, UK
| | - David H. Steel
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Sunderland and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - James Stephen Talks
- Newcastle Eye Centre and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Catherine Adams
- The Northern Ireland Clinical Trials Unit (NICTU), Belfast, UK
| | | | - Matthew Mills
- The Northern Ireland Clinical Trials Unit (NICTU), Belfast, UK
| | - Mike Clarke
- The Northern Ireland Clinical Trials Unit (NICTU), Belfast, UK
- the Centre for Public Health, Queens University, Belfast, UK
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Talks SJ, Bhatia D, Menon G, Cole A, Eleftheriadis H, Downey L, Chong NV, Sivaprasad S. Randomised trial of wide-field guided PRP for diabetic macular oedema treated with ranibizumab. Eye (Lond) 2019; 33:930-937. [PMID: 30728488 PMCID: PMC6707207 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is effectively treated with ranibizumab but multiple injections are required. Where there is also peripheral ischaemia, it has been promoted that targeted panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) may reduce the number of injections. METHOD Patients with optical coherence tomography confirmed DMO and Ultra-widefield Fundus Fluorescein Angiography confirmed peripheral retinal ischaemia were randomised to PRP plus ranibizumab or ranibizumab monotherapy. After three injections, repeat injections were given until the visual acuity was stable and the macula was dry. Re-treatment was given if there was a drop of visual acuity and/or a recurrence of intra-retinal fluid. The primary outcome was the number of repeat injections required after the first 6 months up until 1 year. RESULTS There were 49 patients, 25 in the ranibizumab only group and 24 in the ranibizumab + PRP group recruited at seven UK sites. The average number of injections in the ranibizumab-only arm was 6.84 over 1 year and 2.52 between months 6 and 12. The average number of injections in the combined arm was 6.67, with the number of injections in the second 6 months 1.92. For the primary outcome, comparing the number of 6- to 12-month injections, the result was not statistically significant (p = 0.33). CONCLUSION The addition of targeted PRP to areas of non-perfusion in a patient with DMO does not reduce the number of injections required in the first year. It seems most likely that local VEGF at the macula is the main cause of DMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- S James Talks
- Newcastle Eye Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust, Tyne and Wear, UK.
| | - Devangna Bhatia
- Newcastle Eye Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Geeta Menon
- Frimley Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Camberley, GU16 7UJ, UK
| | - Abosede Cole
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
| | | | - Louise Downey
- Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, HU3 2JZ, UK
| | - Ngai Victor Chong
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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Amoaku W, Balaskas K, Cudrnak T, Downey L, Groppe M, Mahmood S, Mehta H, Mohamed Q, Mushtaq B, Severn P, Vardarinos A, Yang Y, Younis S. Initiation and maintenance of a Treat-and-Extend regimen for ranibizumab therapy in wet age-related macular degeneration: recommendations from the UK Retinal Outcomes Group. Clin Ophthalmol 2018; 12:1731-1740. [PMID: 30237693 PMCID: PMC6136415 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s174560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with ranibizumab is now very well established in terms of efficacy and safety. Recent clinical trials and real-world studies have demonstrated the advantages of a Treat-and-Extend (T&E) regimen, and many hospital departments are now in the process of adopting this new regimen in favor of the pro re nata regimen for initiating and continuing ranibizumab therapy for patients with wet AMD. The comprehensive spectrum of issues related to implementation of the regimen is covered qualitatively in ten didactic topics provided by a group of clinicians with direct experience of this regimen in their department. The topics include definition, new and previously treated eyes, management of high-frequency injections, maximum extensions, discontinuing T&E, bilateral cases, clerical, audit, and patient counseling. This article aims to provide a useful resource for the implementation of the T&E regimen. A quantitative summary of the visual outcomes in key publications is also provided in this article. This article should be a valuable resource for staff training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfried Amoaku
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Konstantinos Balaskas
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and University College of London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tomas Cudrnak
- Royal Eye Infirmary, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - Louise Downey
- Hull and East Yorkshire Eye Hospital, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Markus Groppe
- Ophthalmology, Stoke Mandeville, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Sajjad Mahmood
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Hemal Mehta
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Quresh Mohamed
- Gloucestershire Eye Unit, Cheltenham General Hospital, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
| | - Bushra Mushtaq
- Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Philip Severn
- South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Athanasios Vardarinos
- Eye Treatment Centre, West Suffolk Hospital, West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Bury St Edmunds, UK
| | - Yit Yang
- Wolverhampton Eye Infirmary, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK,
| | - Saad Younis
- Ophthalmology, Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Chakravarthy U, Bailey CC, Johnston RL, McKibbin M, Khan RS, Mahmood S, Downey L, Dhingra N, Brand C, Brittain CJ, Willis JR, Rabhi S, Muthutantri A, Cantrell RA. Characterizing Disease Burden and Progression of Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmology 2018; 125:842-849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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27
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Lee CS, Lee AY, Baughman D, Sim D, Akelere T, Brand C, Crabb DP, Denniston AK, Downey L, Fitt A, Khan R, Mahmood S, Mandal K, Mckibbin M, Menon G, Lobo A, Kumar BV, Natha S, Varma A, Wilkinson E, Mitry D, Bailey C, Chakravarthy U, Tufail A, Egan C, Chakravarthy U, Ghanchi F, Khan R, Ong JM, Mahmood S, Menon G, Mohamed Q, Al-Husainy S, Akelere T, Downey L, Mckibbin M, Dhingra N, Wilkinson E, Dhingra S, Antcliff R, Denniston AK, Bailey C, Mandal K, Kumar V, Natha S. The United Kingdom Diabetic Retinopathy Electronic Medical Record Users Group: Report 3: Baseline Retinopathy and Clinical Features Predict Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 2017; 180:64-71. [PMID: 28572062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the time and risk factors for developing proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and vitreous hemorrhage (VH). DESIGN Multicenter, national cohort study. METHODS Anonymized data of 50 254 patient eyes with diabetes mellitus at 19 UK hospital eye services were extracted at the initial and follow-up visits between 2007 and 2014. Time to progression of PDR and VH were calculated with Cox regression after stratifying by baseline diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity and adjusting for age, sex, race, and starting visual acuity. RESULTS Progression to PDR in 5 years differed by baseline DR: no DR (2.2%), mild (13.0%), moderate (27.2%), severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) (45.5%). Similarly, 5-year progression to VH varied by baseline DR: no DR (1.1%), mild (2.9%), moderate (7.3%), severe NPDR (9.8%). Compared with no DR, the patient eyes that presented with mild, moderate, and severe NPDR were 6.71, 14.80, and 28.19 times more likely to develop PDR, respectively. In comparison to no DR, the eyes with mild, moderate, and severe NPDR were 2.56, 5.60, and 7.29 times more likely to develop VH, respectively. In severe NPDR, the eyes with intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA) had a significantly increased hazard ratio (HR) of developing PDR (HR 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25-2.49, P = .0013) compared with those with venous beading, whereas those with 4-quadrant dot-blot hemorrhages (4Q DBH) had 3.84 higher HR of developing VH (95% CI 1.39-10.62, P = .0095). CONCLUSIONS Baseline severities and features of initial DR are prognostic for PDR development. IRMA increases risk of PDR whereas 4Q DBH increases risk of VH.
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Razanskaite V, Bettey M, Downey L, Wright J, Callaghan J, Rush M, Whiteoak S, Ker S, Perry K, Underhill C, Efrem E, Ahmed I, Cummings F. Biosimilar Infliximab in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Outcomes of a Managed Switching Programme. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:690-696. [PMID: 28130330 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Biosimilar infliximab CT-P13 offers the potential for large drug acquisition cost savings. However, there are limited published data regarding its efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], particularly in switching IBD patients from originator to biosimilar infliximab. We present the outcomes of a service evaluation of switching IBD patients established on originator infliximab to biosimilar, using a managed switching programme funded via a gain share agreement in a UK teaching hospital. METHODS Evaluation outcomes included drug persistence, changes in drug acquisition costs, patient-reported side effects, adverse events, patient outcomes assessed using the IBD-control Patient-Reported Outcome Measures [PROM] questionnaire, serum drug and antibody levels, and routinely collected biochemical markers. RESULTS A total of 143 patients with IBD [118 Crohn's disease, 23 ulcerative colitis, 2 IBD unclassified] were switched from originator infliximab to CT-P13. Patients reported a similar incidence of side effects before and after switch. No clinically significant differences were observed in mean C-reactive protein [CRP], albumin, haemoglobin levels, or platelet and white cell counts after the switch to CT-P13, whereas mean IBD-control-8 score improved from 10.4 to 11.2 [p = 0.041]. There was no significant difference in drug persistence between biosimilar and originator infliximab [p = 0.94] and no increase in immunogenicity was found. Drug acquisition costs decreased by £40,000-60,000 per month. CONCLUSIONS A managed switching programme from originator infliximab to biosimilar CT-P13 in IBD, using a gain-share agreement, delivers significant cost savings and investment in clinical services while maintaining similar patient-reported outcomes, biochemical response, drug persistence, and adverse event profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marion Bettey
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southampton General HospitalSouthampton, UK
| | - Louise Downey
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southampton General HospitalSouthampton, UK
| | - Julia Wright
- Pharmaceutical Commissioning, West Hampshire CCG, Eastleigh, UK
| | - James Callaghan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southampton General HospitalSouthampton, UK
| | - Miles Rush
- University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Simon Whiteoak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southampton General HospitalSouthampton, UK
| | - Sarah Ker
- Pharmaceutical Commissioning, West Hampshire CCG, Eastleigh, UK
| | - Kim Perry
- Department of Finance, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Caron Underhill
- Department of Pharmacy, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Eren Efrem
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Iftikar Ahmed
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southampton General HospitalSouthampton, UK
| | - Fraser Cummings
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southampton General HospitalSouthampton, UK
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Yang Y, Downey L, Mehta H, Mushtaq B, Narendran N, Patel N, Patel PJ, Ayan F, Gibson K, Igwe F, Jeffery P. Resource Use and Real-World Outcomes for Ranibizumab Treat and Extend for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the UK: Interim Results from TERRA. Ophthalmol Ther 2017; 6:175-186. [PMID: 28508241 PMCID: PMC5449310 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-017-0091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ranibizumab is an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (anti-VEGF) approved for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). The treat and extend (T&E) regimen can potentially reduce the burden of clinic visits compared with a pro re nata (PRN) regimen. Retrospective, interim analyses of clinical effectiveness, treatment and resource use patterns were conducted using real-world data in England and Wales from the TERRA study. Methods Two cohorts, those switching from a PRN to a T&E regimen (‘prior PRN’) and those initiating ranibizumab on the T&E regimen as their first anti-VEGF therapy (‘anti-VEGF-naïve’) were enrolled in TERRA. Retrospective clinical assessments were gathered from medical records, while resource use patterns were collected via an operating cost questionnaire completed by each study site. Results At the interim analysis cut-off date (15 November 2016), 11 sites had enrolled 145 patients (prior PRN: n = 110; anti-VEGF-naïve: n = 35). Mean change from baseline (date of first injection) in visual acuity and central subfield retinal thickness to 12 months was +7.6 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8, 12.4; p = 0.003; n = 27] and −67.7 μm (95% CI −106.5, −28.9; p = 0.001, n = 29), respectively, in the anti-VEGF-naïve cohort. Most T&E clinics were run as one-stop services (same-day monitoring and injection), whereas 4/10 PRN clinics were run as two-stop services (monitoring and injection on different days). In general, one-stop clinics used less staff resources and were likely to be shorter in duration for healthcare providers than the cumulative time spent for two-stop clinics. Conclusion This is the first real-world observational study conducted in England and Wales demonstrating the effectiveness of the ranibizumab T&E regimen in anti-VEGF-naïve patients. T&E is compatible with one-stop clinic services, which these real-world data suggest to be less resource intensive than two-stop clinic services, possibly providing a dosing regimen beneficial to both patients and resource burden in UK clinical practice. Funding: Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Limited. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40123-017-0091-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yit Yang
- Wolverhampton Eye Infirmary, Wolverhampton, UK.
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
| | | | - Hemal Mehta
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Nishal Patel
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
| | - Praveen J Patel
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Filis Ayan
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Limited, Surrey, UK
| | - Kara Gibson
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Limited, Surrey, UK
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30
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Denniston AK, Chakravarthy U, Zhu H, Lee AY, Crabb DP, Tufail A, Bailey C, Akerele T, Al-Husainy S, Brand C, Downey L, Fitt A, Khan R, Kumar V, Lobo A, Mahmood S, Mandal K, Mckibbin M, Menon G, Natha S, Ong JM, Tsaloumas MD, Varma A, Wilkinson E, Johnston RL, Egan CA. The UK Diabetic Retinopathy Electronic Medical Record (UK DR EMR) Users Group, Report 2: real-world data for the impact of cataract surgery on diabetic macular oedema. Br J Ophthalmol 2017; 101:1673-1678. [PMID: 28487377 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the rate of 'treatment-requiring diabetic macular oedema (DMO)' in eyes for the two years before and after cataract surgery. METHODS Multicentre national diabetic retinopathy (DR) database study with anonymised data extraction across 19 centres from an electronic medical record system. INCLUSION CRITERIA eyes undergoing cataract surgery in patients with diabetes with no history of DMO prior to study start. The minimum dataset included: age, visual acuity (all time-points), injection episodes, timing of cataract surgery and ETDRS grading of retinopathy and maculopathy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE rate of developing first episode of treatment-requiring DMO in relation to timing of cataract surgery in the same eye. RESULTS 4850 eyes met the inclusion criteria. The rate of developing treatment-requiring DMO in this cohort was 2.9% in the year prior to surgery versus 5.3% in the year after surgery (p<0.01). The risk of 'treatment-requiring DMO' increased sharply after surgery, peaking in the 3-6 months' period (annualised rates of 5.2%, 6.8%, 5.6% and 4.0% for the 0-3, 3-6, 6-9 and 9-12 months' post-operative time periods respectively). Risk was associated with pre-operative grade of retinopathy: risk of DMO in the first year post-operatively being 1.0% (no DR pre-operatively), 5.4% (mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; NPDR), 10.0% (moderate NPDR), 13.1% (severe NPDR) and 4.9% (PDR) (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS This large real-world study demonstrates that the rate of developing treatment-requiring DMO increases sharply in the year after cataract surgery for all grades of retinopathy, peaking in the 3-6 months' postoperative period. Patients with moderate and severe NPDR are at particularly high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair K Denniston
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,The NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHSFT and UCL Institute for Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | | | | | - Aaron Y Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | | | - Adnan Tufail
- The NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHSFT and UCL Institute for Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Clare Bailey
- Bristol Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Toks Akerele
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust, Huntingdon, UK
| | - Sahar Al-Husainy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher Brand
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Louise Downey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
| | - Alan Fitt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - Rehna Khan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Vineeth Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, UK
| | - Aires Lobo
- Moorfields Eye Unit, Bedford Hospitals NHS Trust, Bedford, UK
| | | | - Kaveri Mandal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Warrington, UK
| | - Martin Mckibbin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Geeta Menon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Frimley Park Hospital, Frimley, UK
| | - Salim Natha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | - Jong Min Ong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marie D Tsaloumas
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Atul Varma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Yorkshire, UK
| | - Elizabeth Wilkinson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust, Barnstaple, UK
| | | | - Catherine A Egan
- The NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHSFT and UCL Institute for Ophthalmology, London, UK
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Lee AY, Lee CS, Egan CA, Bailey C, Johnston RL, Natha S, Hamilton R, Khan R, Al-Husainy S, Brand C, Akerele T, Mckibbin M, Downey L, Tufail A. UK AMD/DR EMR REPORT IX: comparative effectiveness of predominantly as needed (PRN) ranibizumab versus continuous aflibercept in UK clinical practice. Br J Ophthalmol 2017; 101:1683-1688. [PMID: 28478396 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the effectiveness of continuous aflibercept versus pro re nata (PRN) ranibizumab therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). METHODS Multicentre, national electronic medical record (EMR) study on treatment naive nAMD eyes undergoing PRN ranibizumab or continuous (fixed or treat and extend (F/TE)) aflibercept from 21 UK hospitals. Anonymised data were extracted, and eyes were matched on age, gender, starting visual acuity (VA) and year of starting treatment. Primary outcome was change in vision at 1 year. RESULTS 1884 eyes (942 eyes in each group) were included. At year 1, patients on PRN ranibizumab gained 1.6 ETDRS (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study) letters (95% CI 0.5 to 2.7, p=0.004), while patients on F/TE aflibercept gained 6.1 letters (95% CI 5.1 to 7.1, p=2.2e-16). Change in vision at 1 year of the F/TE aflibercept group was 4.1 letters higher (95% CI 2.5 to 5.8, p=1.3e-06) compared with the PRN ranibizumab group after adjusting for age, starting VA, gender and year of starting therapy. The F/TE aflibercept group had significantly more injections compared with the PRN ranibizumab group (7.0 vs 5.8, p<2.2e-16), but required less clinic visits than the PRN ranibizumab group (10.8 vs 9.0, p<2.2e-16). Cost-effectiveness analysis showed an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 58 047.14 GBP/quality-adjusted life year for continuous aflibercept over PRN ranibizumab. CONCLUSION Aflibercept achieved greater VA gains at 1 year than ranibizumab. The observed VA differences are small and likely to be related to more frequent treatment with aflibercept, suggesting that ranibizumab should also be delivered by F/TE posology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Y Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Cecilia S Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Catherine A Egan
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,The NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK, London, UK
| | | | | | - Salim Natha
- Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, UK
| | | | - Rehna Khan
- Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, UK
| | | | | | - Toks Akerele
- Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust, Huntingdon, UK
| | | | - Louise Downey
- Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Adnan Tufail
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,The NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK, London, UK
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Abstract
BackgroundIncreasingly, psychiatric patients are presenting to the emergency department (ED) with agitation. ED staff rarely, if ever, use scale to assess agitation or use any self-assessment tools to determine a patient's level of agitation.ObjectivesTo evaluate the relationship between a patient's self-reported level of agitation and other validated agitation assessment tools.MethodsThis is a prospective study using a convenience sample of patients presenting to the ED with a psychiatric complaint. This study was conducted in an urban, inner-city trauma level 1 center with 55,000 ED visits a year. After obtaining consent, a research fellow administered observational tools, PANSS-EC and ACES and BAM and Likert scale self assessment tools on arrival to the ED. SPSS version 24 was used. The study was IRB approved.ResultsA total of 139 patients were enrolled. The most common ED diagnoses were depression, schizophrenia, or bipolar. Majority of patients were African-American (59%), falling in the 25–44 year old age range (56%) 52% male. Self-reported agitation was rated as moderate to high in 72.4% of these patients on the Likert scale and 76.3% on the BAM. There was a significant correlation between the self-reported score versus the BAM (F = 11.2, P = 0.00). However, the self-reported scores were significantly different from the scores assessed by observational tools (P < 0.05).ConclusionsED providers should assess a patient's self-reported level of agitation because a patient could be feeling markedly agitated without expressing outward signs detected by observational tools.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Egan C, Zhu H, Lee A, Sim D, Mitry D, Bailey C, Johnston R, Chakravarthy U, Denniston A, Tufail A, Khan R, Mahmood S, Menon G, Akerele T, Downey L, McKibbin M, Varma A, Lobo A, Wilkinson E, Fitt A, Brand C, Tsaloumas M, Mandal K, Kumar V, Natha S, Crabb D. The United Kingdom Diabetic Retinopathy Electronic Medical Record Users Group, Report 1: baseline characteristics and visual acuity outcomes in eyes treated with intravitreal injections of ranibizumab for diabetic macular oedema. Br J Ophthalmol 2016; 101:75-80. [PMID: 27965262 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To describe baseline characteristics and visual outcome for eyes treated with ranibizumab for diabetic macular oedema (DMO) from a multicentre database. METHODS Structured clinical data were anonymised and extracted from an electronic medical record from 19 participating UK centres: age at first injection, ETDRS visual acuity (VA), number of injections, ETDRS diabetic retinopathy (DR) and maculopathy grade at baseline and visits. The main outcomes were change in mean VA from baseline, number of injections and clinic visits and characteristics affecting VA change and DR grade. RESULTS Data from 12 989 clinic visits was collated from baseline and follow-up for 3103 eyes. Mean age at first treatment was 66 years. Mean VA (letters) for eyes followed at least 2 years was 51.1 (SD=19.3) at baseline, 54.2 (SD: 18.6) and 52.5 (SD: 19.4) at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Mean visual gain was five letters. The proportion of eyes with VA of 72 letters or better was 25% (baseline) and 33% (1 year) for treatment naïve eyes. Eyes followed for at least 6 months received a mean of 3.3 injections over a mean of 6.9 outpatient visits in 1 year. CONCLUSIONS In a large cohort of eyes with DMO treated with ranibizumab injections in the UK, 33% of patients achieved better than or equal to 6/12 in the treated eye at 12 months compared with 25% at baseline. The mean visual gain was five letters. Eyes with excellent VA at baseline maintain good vision at 18 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Egan
- Department of Medical Retina, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Ophthlamology, London, UK
| | | | - Aaron Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Dawn Sim
- Department of Medical Retina, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Danny Mitry
- Department of Medical Retina, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Robert Johnston
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK
| | | | | | - Adnan Tufail
- Department of Medical Retina, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Ophthlamology, London, UK
| | - Rehna Khan
- Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, UK
| | | | - Geeta Menon
- Eye Department, Frimley Park Hospital, Frimley, UK
| | - Toks Akerele
- Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Louise Downey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
| | | | - Atul Varma
- Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Yorkshire, UK
| | - Aires Lobo
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, London, UK
| | | | - Alan Fitt
- Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, Peterborough, UK
| | | | - Marie Tsaloumas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kaveri Mandal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Warrington, UK
| | - Vineeth Kumar
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, UK
| | - Salim Natha
- Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | - David Crabb
- Division of Optometry & Visual Science, City University, London, UK
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Telles JL, Agarwal S, Monagle J, Stough C, King R, Downey L. Driving Impairment Due to Propofol at Effect-Site Concentrations Relevant after Short Propofol-Only Sedation. Anaesth Intensive Care 2016; 44:696-703. [DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1604400602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Australian guidelines state “Following brief surgery or procedures with short acting anaesthetic drugs, the patient may be fit to drive after a normal night's sleep. After long surgery or procedures requiring longer lasting anaesthesia, it may not be safe to drive for 24 hours or more”. The increasing use of the short-acting anaesthetic drug propofol as a solitary sedative medication for simple endoscopy procedures suggests a need to review this blanket policy. Thirty patients presenting for elective day surgery were recruited as volunteers for a pre-procedure driving simulation study and randomised to propofol or placebo arms. Driving ability was assessed at baseline and then, in the propofol group, at three effect-site concentrations. Driving impairment at these concentrations of propofol was compared to that of a third group of volunteers with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.05% (g/100 ml). Driving impairment at 0.2 μg/ml propofol effect-site concentration was not statistically different to placebo. Impairment increased with propofol effect-site concentration ( P=0.002) and at 0.4 μg/ml it was similar to that found with a blood alcohol concentration of 50 mg/100 ml (0.05%). Plasma propofol concentrations of 0.2 μg/ml, as might be found approximately an hour after short (<1 hour duration) propofol-only sedation for endoscopy, were not associated with driving impairment in our young cohort of volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Telles
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - S. Agarwal
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - J. Monagle
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - C. Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - R. King
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - L. Downey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Division on Addiction, Cambridge Health Alliance, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
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Lee AY, Day AC, Egan C, Bailey C, Johnston RL, Tsaloumas MD, Denniston AK, Tufail A, Akerele T, Al-Husainy S, Brand C, Chakravarthy U, Downey L, Fitt A, Khan R, Kumar V, Lobo A, Mahmood S, Mandal K, McKibbin M, Menon G, Natha S, Ong JM, Varma A, Wilkinson E. Previous Intravitreal Therapy Is Associated with Increased Risk of Posterior Capsule Rupture during Cataract Surgery. Ophthalmology 2016; 123:1252-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Zun L, Downey L. Does psyche pain manifest as agitation in the emergency setting? Eur Psychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThe objective was to determine a patient's level of psyche pain when they present to an emergency department (ED) and whether there was a relationship between this psyche pain and the patient's level of agitation.MethodsThis was a prospective study using a convenience sample of 300 patients presenting to an ED with a psychiatric complaint. This study was conducted in an urban, inner-city trauma center with 60,000 ED visits a year. After obtaining consent, a research fellow administered validated tools for assessing agitation, BAM, PANSS-EC, ACES, assessment of psyche pain, MBPPAS and a self-assessment of agitation at admission. SPSS version 22 was used for statistical analysis and the study was IRB approved.ResultsA total of 74 patients were enrolled at this time. The most common ED diagnoses were depression, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder. Majority of patients were African-American (59%), falling in the 25–44-year-old age range (56%). Fifty-two percent male and 48% female. Psyche pain was rated by MBPPAS as marked (18.9%) or moderate (67.6%). The self-reported tool demonstrated 20% none, 16% mild, 21% moderate and 42% marked level of agitation. The agitation rating varied by the tool with self-reported level of agitation having the highest correlation with level of psyche pain (P < 0.05).ConclusionsPsychiatric patients frequently present to the emergency department with a high level of psyche pain and high level of self-reported agitation. This correlation may signal the need to address a patients’ level of agitation early in evaluation process.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Steel DHW, Downey L, Greiner K, Heimann H, Jackson TL, Koshy Z, Laidlaw DAH, Wickham L, Yang Y. The design and validation of an optical coherence tomography-based classification system for focal vitreomacular traction. Eye (Lond) 2016; 30:314-24; quiz 325. [PMID: 26768921 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2015.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and validate a classification system for focal vitreomacular traction (VMT) with and without macular hole based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), intended to aid in decision-making and prognostication. METHODS A panel of retinal specialists convened to develop this system. A literature review followed by discussion on a wide range of cases formed the basis for the proposed classification. Key features on OCT were identified and analysed for their utility in clinical practice. A final classification was devised based on two sequential, independent validation exercises to improve interobserver variability. RESULTS This classification tool pertains to idiopathic focal VMT assessed by a horizontal line scan using SD-OCT. The system uses width (W), interface features (I), foveal shape (S), retinal pigment epithelial changes (P), elevation of vitreous attachment (E), and inner and outer retinal changes (R) to give the acronym WISPERR. Each category is scored hierarchically. Results from the second independent validation exercise indicated a high level of agreement between graders: intraclass correlation ranged from 0.84 to 0.99 for continuous variables and Fleiss' kappa values ranged from 0.76 to 0.95 for categorical variables. CONCLUSIONS We present an OCT-based classification system for focal VMT that allows anatomical detail to be scrutinised and scored qualitatively and quantitatively using a simple, pragmatic algorithm, which may be of value in clinical practice as well as in future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H W Steel
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Sunderland, UK.,Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - L Downey
- Ophthalmology Department, Hull and East Yorkshire Eye Hospital, Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - K Greiner
- Ophthalmology Department, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - H Heimann
- St Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - T L Jackson
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Z Koshy
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Ayr, Ayr, UK
| | - D A H Laidlaw
- Ophthalmology Department, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - L Wickham
- Ophthalmology Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Y Yang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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Pearce I, Banerjee S, Burton BJL, Chakravarthy U, Downey L, Gale RP, Gibson J, Pagliarini S, Patel J, Sivaprasad S, Andrews C, Brittain C, Warburton J. Ranibizumab 0.5 mg for Diabetic Macular Edema with Bimonthly Monitoring after a Phase of Initial Treatment: 18-Month, Multicenter, Phase IIIB RELIGHT Study. Ophthalmology 2015; 122:1811-9. [PMID: 26150052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate ranibizumab 0.5 mg using bimonthly monitoring and individualized re-treatment after monthly follow-up for 6 months in patients with visual impairment due to diabetic macular edema (DME). DESIGN A phase IIIb, 18-month, prospective, open-label, multicenter, single-arm study in the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS Participants (N = 109) with visual impairment due to DME. METHODS Participants received 3 initial monthly ranibizumab 0.5 mg injections (day 0 to month 2), followed by individualized best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography-guided re-treatment with monthly (months 3-5) and subsequent bimonthly follow-up (months 6-18). Laser was allowed after month 6. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mean change in BCVA from baseline to month 12 (primary end point), mean change in BCVA and central retinal thickness (CRT) from baseline to month 18, gain of ≥10 and ≥15 letters, treatment exposure, and incidence of adverse events over 18 months. RESULTS Of 109 participants, 100 (91.7%) and 99 (90.8%) completed the 12 and 18 months of the study, respectively. The mean age was 63.7 years, the mean duration of DME was 40 months, and 77.1% of the participants had received prior laser treatment (study eye). At baseline, mean BCVA was 62.9 letters, 20% of patients had a baseline BCVA of >73 letters, and mean baseline CRT was 418.1 μm, with 32% of patients having a baseline CRT <300 μm. The mean change in BCVA from baseline to month 6 was +6.6 letters (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.9-8.3), and after institution of bimonthly treatment the mean change in BCVA at month 12 was +4.8 letters (95% CI, 2.9-6.7; P < 0.001) and +6.5 letters (95% CI, 4.2-8.8) at month 18. The proportion of participants gaining ≥10 and ≥15 letters was 24.8% and 13.8% at month 12 and 34.9% and 19.3% at month 18, respectively. Participants received a mean of 6.8 and 8.5 injections over 12 and 18 months, respectively. No new ocular or nonocular safety findings were observed during the study. CONCLUSIONS The BCVA gain achieved in the initial 6-month treatment period was maintained with an additional 12 months of bimonthly ranibizumab PRN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Pearce
- St. Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Ben J L Burton
- James Paget University Hospital, Great Yarmouth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Louise Downey
- Hull and East Yorkshire Eye Hospital, Hull, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sergio Pagliarini
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire, Hospital of St Cross, Rugby, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Chris Andrews
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd., Surrey, United Kingdom
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Ahmed K, Ahmed M, Potrata B, Willis TA, Grant HL, Allsop MJ, Hewison J, Downey L, Gale R, McKibbin M. Patient attitudes towards prenatal diagnostic testing for inherited retinal disease. Prenat Diagn 2015; 35:913-8. [PMID: 26126503 DOI: 10.1002/pd.4644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore factors that influence decision-making in relation to prenatal diagnostic testing (PDT) for inherited retinal disease (IRD). METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 50 adults with IRD, selected from a larger sample to provide a diversity of backgrounds and opinions on genetic testing. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Mostly participants supported PDT, believing that it would provide information to help them prepare for and plan the future care of the child and the potential for early access to emerging therapies. Opposition to PDT stemmed from its use to justify termination of pregnancy, with participants feeling that it was not justified as they retained a good quality of life despite their visual impairment. Participants raised concerns about the risk of PDT and the accuracy of the results. However, most suggested that it should be available as an option for others, but for specific reasons and not as a part of routine care. CONCLUSION The variation in attitudes towards PDT and uncertainty about the risk and accuracy of results suggest that individuals at risk of having a child with IRD should have access to genetic counselling to support decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuram Ahmed
- Eye Clinic, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Barbara Potrata
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Thomas A Willis
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hilary L Grant
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew J Allsop
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jenny Hewison
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Richard Gale
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
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Zun L, Downey L, Burke T. Reason for Psychiatric Readmissions From the Emergency Department. Eur Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Zun L, Downey L, Burke T. Non-compliance in the Emergency Department: is There a Difference Between the Reasons Medical and Psychiatric Patients Use the Emergency Department? Eur Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Zun L, Downey L, Burke T. Assessment and Referral for Treatment of Patients at Risk for Suicide in the Emergency Department. Eur Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Lee AY, Lee CS, Butt T, Xing W, Johnston RL, Chakravarthy U, Egan C, Akerele T, McKibbin M, Downey L, Natha S, Bailey C, Khan R, Antcliff R, Varma A, Kumar V, Tsaloumas M, Mandal K, Liew G, Keane PA, Sim D, Bunce C, Tufail A. UK AMD EMR USERS GROUP REPORT V: benefits of initiating ranibizumab therapy for neovascular AMD in eyes with vision better than 6/12. Br J Ophthalmol 2015; 99:1045-50. [PMID: 25680619 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-306229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To study the effectiveness and clinical relevance of eyes treated with good (better than 6/12 or >70 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters) visual acuity (VA) when initiating treatment with ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in the UK National Health Service. Currently eyes with VA better than (>) 6/12 are not routinely funded for therapy. METHODS Multicentre national nAMD database study on patients treated 3-5 years prior to the analysis. Anonymised structured data were collected from 14 centres. The primary outcome was the mean VA at year 1, 2 and 3. Secondary measures included the number of clinic visits and injections. RESULTS The study included 12 951 treatment-naive eyes of 11 135 patients receiving 92 976 ranibizumab treatment episodes. A total of 754 patients had baseline VA better than 6/12 and at least 1-year of follow up. Mean VA of first treated eyes with baseline VA>6/12 at year 1, 2, 3 were 6/10, 6/12, 6/15, respectively and those with baseline VA 6/12 to >6/24 were 6/15, 6/17, 6/20, respectively (p values <0.001 for comparing differences between 6/12 and 6/12-6/24 groups). For the second eyes with baseline VA>6/12, mean VA at year 1, 2, 3 were 6/9, 6/9, 6/10 and those with baseline VA 6/12 to >6/24 were 6/15, 6/15, 6/27, respectively (p values <0.001-0.005). There was no significant difference in the average number of clinic visits or injections between those with VA better and worse than 6/12. CONCLUSIONS All eyes with baseline VA>6/12 maintained better mean VA than the eyes with baseline VA 6/12 to >6/24 at all time points for at least 2 years. The significantly better visual outcome in patients who were treated with good baseline VA has implications on future policy regarding the treatment criteria for nAMD patients' funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Y Lee
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Cecilia S Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas Butt
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wen Xing
- R&D, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHSFT, London, UK
| | - Robert L Johnston
- Gloucestershire Eye Department, Cheltenham General Hospital, Cheltenham, UK
| | | | - Catherine Egan
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Toks Akerele
- Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | | | - Louise Downey
- Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Salim Natha
- Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | | | - Rehna Khan
- Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, UK
| | | | - Atul Varma
- Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Yorkshire, UK
| | - Vineeth Kumar
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, UK
| | - Marie Tsaloumas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kaveri Mandal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Warrington, UK
| | - Gerald Liew
- Centre for Vision Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pearse A Keane
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dawn Sim
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Catey Bunce
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Adnan Tufail
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Zarranz-Ventura J, Liew G, Johnston RL, Xing W, Akerele T, McKibbin M, Downey L, Natha S, Chakravarthy U, Bailey C, Khan R, Antcliff R, Armstrong S, Varma A, Kumar V, Tsaloumas M, Mandal K, Bunce C, Tufail A. The Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Database. Ophthalmology 2014; 121:1966-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Billings C, Lomas J, Downey L, Stough C. Emotional intelligence and academic achievement in preadolescent students from Australian schools. Personality and Individual Differences 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Downey L, Lomas J, Stough C. Scholastic success: Fluid intelligence, personality, and emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hussain N, Gayatri N, Blake A, Downey L, Seri S, Whitehouse WP. Ambulatory electroencephalogram in children: A prospective clinical audit of 100 cases. J Pediatr Neurosci 2014; 8:188-91. [PMID: 24470809 PMCID: PMC3888032 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1745.123660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambulatory electroencephalogram has been used for differentiating epileptic from nonepileptic events, recording seizure frequency and classification of seizure type. We studied 100 consecutive children prospectively aged 11 days to 16 years that were referred for an ambulatory electroencephalogram to a regional children's hospital. Ambulatory electroencephalogram was clinically useful in contributing to a clinical diagnosis in 71% of children who were referred with a range of clinical questions. A diagnosis of epileptic disorder was confirmed by obtaining an ictal record in 26% and this included 11 children that had previously normal awake and or sleep electroencephalogram. We recommend making a telephone check of the current target event frequency and prioritising those with typical events on most days in order to improve the frequency of recording a typical attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahin Hussain
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Nottingham Children's Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Neti Gayatri
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Nottingham Children's Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Blake
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - L Downey
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stefano Seri
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - William P Whitehouse
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Nottingham Children's Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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Zun L, Downey L, Burke T, Yen S. Medication Compliance by Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.07.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Willis TA, Potrata B, Ahmed M, Hewison J, Gale R, Downey L, McKibbin M. Understanding of and attitudes to genetic testing for inherited retinal disease: a patient perspective. Br J Ophthalmol 2013; 97:1148-54. [PMID: 23813418 PMCID: PMC3756432 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background/aims The views of people with inherited retinal disease are important to help develop health policy and plan services. This study aimed to record levels of understanding of and attitudes to genetic testing for inherited retinal disease, and views on the availability of testing. Methods Telephone questionnaires comprising quantitative and qualitative items were completed with adults with inherited retinal disease. Participants were recruited via postal invitation (response rate 48%), approach at clinic or newsletters of relevant charitable organisations. Results Questionnaires were completed with 200 participants. Responses indicated that participants’ perceived understanding of genetic testing for inherited retinal disease was variable. The majority (90%) considered testing to be good/very good and would be likely to undergo genetic testing (90%) if offered. Most supported the provision of diagnostic (97%) and predictive (92%) testing, but support was less strong for testing as part of reproductive planning. Most (87%) agreed with the statement that testing should be offered only after the individual has received genetic counselling from a professional. Subgroup analyses revealed differences associated with participant age, gender, education level and ethnicity (p<0.02). Participants reported a range of perceived benefits (eg, family planning, access to treatment) and risks (eg, impact upon family relationships, emotional consequences). Conclusions Adults with inherited retinal disease strongly support the provision of publicly funded genetic testing. Support was stronger for diagnostic and predictive testing than for testing as part of reproductive planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Willis
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
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Kerr DM, Downey L, Conboy M, Finn DP, Roche M. Alterations in the endocannabinoid system in the rat valproic acid model of autism. Behav Brain Res 2013; 249:124-32. [PMID: 23643692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system plays a crucial role in regulating emotionality and social behaviour, however it is unknown whether this system plays a role in symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorders. The current study evaluated if alterations in the endocannabinoid system accompany behavioural changes in the valproic acid (VPA) rat model of autism. Adolescent rats prenatally exposed to VPA exhibited impaired social investigatory behaviour, hypoalgesia and reduced lococmotor activity on exposure to a novel aversive arena. Levels of the endocananbinoids, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) in the hippocampus, frontal cortex or cerebellum were not altered in VPA- versus saline-exposed animals. However, the expression of mRNA for diacylglycerol lipase α, the enzyme primarily responsible for the synthesis of 2-AG, was reduced in the cerebellum of VPA-exposed rats. Furthermore, while the expression of mRNA for the 2-AG-catabolising enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase was reduced, the activity of this enzyme was increased, in the hippocampus of VPA-exposed animals. CB1 or CB2 receptor expression was not altered in any of the regions examined, however VPA-exposed rats exhibited reduced PPARα and GPR55 expression in the frontal cortex and PPARγ and GPR55 expression in the hippocampus, additional receptor targets of the endocannabinoids. Furthermore, tissue levels of the fatty acid amide hydrolase substrates, AEA, oleoylethanolamide and palmitoylethanolamide, were higher in the hippocampus of VPA-exposed rats immediately following social exposure. These data indicate that prenatal VPA exposure is associated with alterations in the brain's endocannabinoid system and support the hypothesis that endocannabinoid dysfunction may underlie behavioural abnormalities observed in autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Kerr
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
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