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Sathy BN, Watson BM, Kinard LA, Spicer PP, Dahlin RL, Mikos AG, Nair S. Bone Tissue Engineering with Multilayered Scaffolds—Part II: Combining Vascularization with Bone Formation in Critical-Sized Bone Defect. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:2495-503. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Binulal Nelson Sathy
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, India
| | | | - Lucas A. Kinard
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Shantikumar Nair
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, India
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Kinard LA, Dahlin RL, Lam J, Lu S, Lee EJ, Kasper FK, Mikos AG. Synthetic biodegradable hydrogel delivery of demineralized bone matrix for bone augmentation in a rat model. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4574-4582. [PMID: 25046637 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There exists a strong clinical need for a more capable and robust method to achieve bone augmentation, and a system with fine-tuned delivery of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) has the potential to meet that need. As such, the objective of the present study was to investigate a synthetic biodegradable hydrogel for the delivery of DBM for bone augmentation in a rat model. Oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF) constructs were designed and fabricated by varying the content of rat-derived DBM particles (either 1:3, 1:1 or 3:1 DBM:OPF weight ratio on a dry basis) and using two DBM particle size ranges (50-150 or 150-250 μm). The physical properties of the constructs and the bioactivity of the DBM were evaluated. Selected formulations (1:1 and 3:1 with 50-150 μm DBM) were evaluated in vivo compared to an empty control to investigate the effect of DBM dose and construct properties on bone augmentation. Overall, 3:1 constructs with higher DBM content achieved the greatest volume of bone augmentation, exceeding 1:1 constructs and empty implants by 3- and 5-fold, respectively. As such, we have established that a synthetic, biodegradable hydrogel can function as a carrier for DBM, and that the volume of bone augmentation achieved by the constructs correlates directly to the DBM dose.
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Needham CJ, Shah SR, Dahlin RL, Kinard LA, Lam J, Watson BM, Lu S, Kasper FK, Mikos AG. Osteochondral tissue regeneration through polymeric delivery of DNA encoding for the SOX trio and RUNX2. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4103-12. [PMID: 24854956 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Native osteochondral repair is often inadequate owing to the inherent properties of the tissue, and current clinical repair strategies can result in healing with a limited lifespan and donor site morbidity. This work investigates the use of polymeric gene therapy to address this problem by delivering DNA encoding for transcription factors complexed with the branched poly(ethylenimine)-hyaluronic acid (bPEI-HA) delivery vector via a porous oligo[poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate] hydrogel scaffold. To evaluate the potential of this approach, a bilayered scaffold mimicking native osteochondral tissue organization was loaded with DNA/bPEI-HA complexes. Next, bilayered implants either unloaded or loaded in a spatial fashion with bPEI-HA and DNA encoding for either Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) or SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 5, 6, and 9 (the SOX trio), to generate bone and cartilage tissues respectively, were fabricated and implanted in a rat osteochondral defect. At 6weeks post-implantation, micro-computed tomography analysis and histological scoring were performed on the explants to evaluate the quality and quantity of tissue repair in each group. The incorporation of DNA encoding for RUNX2 in the bone layer of these scaffolds significantly increased bone growth. Additionally, a spatially loaded combination of RUNX2 and SOX trio DNA loading significantly improved healing relative to empty hydrogels or either factor alone. Finally, the results of this study suggest that subchondral bone formation is necessary for correct cartilage healing.
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Dahlin RL, Kinard LA, Lam J, Needham CJ, Lu S, Kasper FK, Mikos AG. Articular chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells seeded on biodegradable scaffolds for the repair of cartilage in a rat osteochondral defect model. Biomaterials 2014; 35:7460-9. [PMID: 24927682 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the ability of co-cultures of articular chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to repair articular cartilage in osteochondral defects. Bovine articular chondrocytes and rat MSCs were seeded in isolation or in co-culture onto electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds and implanted into an osteochondral defect in the trochlear groove of 12-week old Lewis rats. Additionally, a blank PCL scaffold and untreated defect were investigated. After 12 weeks, the extent of cartilage repair was analyzed through histological analysis, and the extent of bone healing was assessed by quantifying the total volume of mineralized bone in the defect through microcomputed tomography. Histological analysis revealed that the articular chondrocytes and co-cultures led to repair tissue that consisted of more hyaline-like cartilage tissue that was thicker and possessed more intense Safranin O staining. The MSC, blank PCL scaffold, and empty treatment groups generally led to the formation of fibrocartilage repair tissue. Microcomputed tomography revealed that while there was an equivalent amount of mineralized bone formation in the MSC, blank PCL, and empty treatment groups, the defects treated with chondrocytes or co-cultures had negligible mineralized bone formation. Overall, even with a reduced number of chondrocytes, co-cultures led to an equal level of cartilage repair compared to the chondrocyte samples, thus demonstrating the potential for the use of co-cultures of articular chondrocytes and MSCs for the in vivo repair of cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas A Kinard
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Johnny Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clark J Needham
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F Kurtis Kasper
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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Kinard LA, Dahlin RL, Henslee AM, Spicer PP, Chu CY, Tabata Y, van den Beucken JJJP, Jansen JA, Young S, Wong ME, Kasper FK, Mikos AG. Tissue response to composite hydrogels for vertical bone augmentation in the rat. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:2079-88. [PMID: 23894052 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to develop a preclinical animal model for evaluating bone augmentation and to examine the level of bone augmentation induced by hydrogel composites. Design criteria outlined for the development of the animal model included rigid immobilization of bilateral implants apposed to the parietal bone of the rat, while avoiding the calvarial sutures. The animal model was evaluated through the implantation of hydrogel composites of oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF) and gelatin microparticles releasing bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). The BMP-2 release profile was varied and compared to the implantation of a material control without BMP-2. Each hydrogel composite was implanted within a polypropylene cassette, which was immobilized to the calvarial bone using screws, and empty cassettes were implanted as a control. The design criteria for the animal model were realized; however, the level of bone augmentation did not vary between any of the groups after 4 weeks. Osteoclastic bone resorption occurred to a higher extent in groups releasing BMP-2, but the cause could not be elucidated. In conclusion, a promising bone augmentation model was established in the rat; however, refinement of the hydrogel composites was suggested to optimize the constructs for bone augmentation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Kinard
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
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Bongio M, Nejadnik MR, Birgani ZT, Habibovic P, Kinard LA, Kasper FK, Mikos AG, Jansen JA, Leeuwenburgh SCG, van den Beucken JJJP. In Vitro and In Vivo Enzyme-Mediated Biomineralization of Oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) Fumarate Hydrogels. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:777-88. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bongio M, van den Beucken JJJ, Nejadnik MR, Tahmasebi Birgani Z, Habibovic P, Kinard LA, Kasper FK, Mikos AG, Leeuwenburgh SCG, Jansen JA. Subcutaneous tissue response and osteogenic performance of calcium phosphate nanoparticle-enriched hydrogels in the tibial medullary cavity of guinea pigs. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:5464-74. [PMID: 23107797 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF)-based hydrogels were tested for the first time as injectable bone substitute materials. The primary feature of the material design was the incorporation of calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix in order to compare the soft tissue response and bone-forming capacity of plain OPF hydrogels with CaP-enriched OPF hydrogel composites. To that end, pre-set scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously, whereas flowable polymeric precursor solutions were injected in a tibial ablation model in guinea pigs. After 8 weeks of implantation, histological and histomorphometrical evaluation of the subcutaneous scaffolds confirmed the biocompatibility of both types of hydrogels. Nevertheless, OPF hydrogels presented a loose structure, massive cellular infiltration and extensive material degradation compared to OPF-CaP hydrogels that were more compact. Microcomputed tomography and histological and histomorphometrical analyses showed comparable amounts of new trabecular bone in all tibias and some material remnants in the medial and distal regions. Particularly, highly calcified areas were observed in the distal region of OPF-CaP-treated tibias, which indicate a heterogeneous distribution of the mineral phase throughout the hydrogel matrix. This phenomenon can be attributed to either hindered gelation under highly perfused in vivo conditions or a faster degradation rate of the polymeric hydrogel matrix compared to the nanostructured mineral phase, resulting in loss of entrapment of the CaP nanoparticles and subsequent sedimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Bongio
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Bongio M, van den Beucken JJJP, Nejadnik MR, Leeuwenburgh SCG, Kinard LA, Kasper FK, Mikos AG, Jansen JA, Jansen JA. Biomimetic modification of synthetic hydrogels by incorporation of adhesive peptides and calcium phosphate nanoparticles: in vitro evaluation of cell behavior. Eur Cell Mater 2011; 22:359-76. [PMID: 22179935 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v022a27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The ultimate goal of this work was to develop a biocompatible and biomimetic in situ crosslinkable hydrogel scaffold with an instructive capacity for bone regenerative treatment. To this end, synthetic hydrogels were functionalized with two key components of the extracellular matrix of native bone tissue, i.e. the three-amino acid peptide sequence RGD (which is the principal integrin-binding domain responsible for cell adhesion and survival of anchorage-dependent cells) and calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles in the form of hydroxyapatite (which are similar to the inorganic phase of bone tissue). Rat bone marrow osteoblast-like cells (OBLCs) were encapsulated in four different biomaterials (plain oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF), RGD-modified OPF, OPF enriched with CaP nanoparticles and RGD-modified OPF enriched with CaP nanoparticles) and cell survival, cell spreading, proliferation and mineralized matrix formation were determined via cell viability assay, histology and biochemical analysis for alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium. This study showed that RGD peptide sequences promoted cell spreading in OPF hydrogels and hence play a crucial role in cell survival during the early stage of culture, whereas CaP nanoparticles significantly enhanced cell-mediated hydrogel mineralization. Although cell spreading and proliferation activity were inhibited, the combined effect of RGD peptide sequences and CaP nanoparticles within OPF hydrogel systems elicited a better biological response than that of the individual components. Specifically, both a sustained cell viability and mineralized matrix production mediated by encapsulated OBLCs were observed within these novel biomimetic composite systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bongio
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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