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Li Q, Lee CH, Peters LA, Mastropaolo LA, Thoeni C, Elkadri A, Schwerd T, Zhu J, Zhang B, Zhao Y, Hao K, Dinarzo A, Hoffman G, Kidd BA, Murchie R, Adham ZA, Guo C, Kotlarz D, Cutz E, Walters TD, Shouval DS, Curran M, Dobrin R, Brodmerkel C, Snapper SB, Klein C, Brumell JH, Hu M, Nanan R, Snanter-Nanan B, Wong M, Le Deist F, Haddad E, Roifman CM, Deslandres C, Griffiths AM, Gaskin KJ, Uhlig HH, Schadt EE, Muise AM. Variants in TRIM22 That Affect NOD2 Signaling Are Associated With Very-Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:1196-1207. [PMID: 26836588 PMCID: PMC4842103 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Severe forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that develop in very young children can be caused by variants in a single gene. We performed whole-exome sequence (WES) analysis to identify genetic factors that might cause granulomatous colitis and severe perianal disease, with recurrent bacterial and viral infections, in an infant of consanguineous parents. METHODS We performed targeted WES analysis of DNA collected from the patient and her parents. We validated our findings by a similar analysis of DNA from 150 patients with very-early-onset IBD not associated with known genetic factors analyzed in Toronto, Oxford, and Munich. We compared gene expression signatures in inflamed vs noninflamed intestinal and rectal tissues collected from patients with treatment-resistant Crohn's disease who participated in a trial of ustekinumab. We performed functional studies of identified variants in primary cells from patients and cell culture. RESULTS We identified a homozygous variant in the tripartite motif containing 22 gene (TRIM22) of the patient, as well as in 2 patients with a disease similar phenotype. Functional studies showed that the variant disrupted the ability of TRIM22 to regulate nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2)-dependent activation of interferon-beta signaling and nuclear factor-κB. Computational studies demonstrated a correlation between the TRIM22-NOD2 network and signaling pathways and genetic factors associated very early onset and adult-onset IBD. TRIM22 is also associated with antiviral and mycobacterial effectors and markers of inflammation, such as fecal calprotectin, C-reactive protein, and Crohn's disease activity index scores. CONCLUSIONS In WES and targeted exome sequence analyses of an infant with severe IBD characterized by granulomatous colitis and severe perianal disease, we identified a homozygous variant of TRIM22 that affects the ability of its product to regulate NOD2. Combined computational and functional studies showed that the TRIM22-NOD2 network regulates antiviral and antibacterial signaling pathways that contribute to inflammation. Further study of this network could lead to new disease markers and therapeutic targets for patients with very early and adult-onset IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cheng Hiang Lee
- Gastroenterology Department, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, 2145, New South Wales, Australia,The James Fairfax Institute of Paediatric Nutrition, the University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lauren A Peters
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York, USA,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and the Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, NY 10029
| | - Lucas A Mastropaolo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cornelia Thoeni
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abdul Elkadri
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tobias Schwerd
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department Clinical Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, and Department of Pediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jun Zhu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and the Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, NY 10029
| | - Bin Zhang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and the Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, NY 10029
| | - Yongzhong Zhao
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and the Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, NY 10029
| | - Ke Hao
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and the Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, NY 10029
| | - Antonio Dinarzo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and the Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, NY 10029
| | - Gabriel Hoffman
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and the Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, NY 10029
| | - Brian A Kidd
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and the Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, NY 10029
| | - Ryan Murchie
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ziad Al Adham
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Conghui Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Kotlarz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernest Cutz
- Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas D Walters
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dror S Shouval
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Mark Curran
- Janssen R&D, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Radu Dobrin
- Janssen R&D, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | | | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - John H Brumell
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto
| | - Mingjing Hu
- Gastroenterology Department, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, 2145, New South Wales, Australia,The James Fairfax Institute of Paediatric Nutrition, the University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ralph Nanan
- Gastroenterology Department, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, 2145, New South Wales, Australia,The James Fairfax Institute of Paediatric Nutrition, the University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brigitte Snanter-Nanan
- Gastroenterology Department, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, 2145, New South Wales, Australia,The James Fairfax Institute of Paediatric Nutrition, the University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melanie Wong
- Immunology Department, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, 2145, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Francoise Le Deist
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, CHU Sainte Justine and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elie Haddad
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chaim M Roifman
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Colette Deslandres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne M Griffiths
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin J Gaskin
- Gastroenterology Department, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, 2145, New South Wales, Australia,The James Fairfax Institute of Paediatric Nutrition, the University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department Clinical Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, and Department of Pediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and the Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, NY 10029
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Avitzur Y, Guo C, Mastropaolo LA, Bahrami E, Chen H, Zhao Z, Elkadri A, Dhillon S, Murchie R, Fattouh R, Huynh H, Walker JL, Wales PW, Cutz E, Kakuta Y, Dudley J, Kammermeier J, Powrie F, Shah N, Walz C, Nathrath M, Kotlarz D, Puchaka J, Krieger J, Racek T, Kirchner T, Walters TD, Brumell JH, Griffiths AM, Rezaei N, Rashtian P, Najafi M, Monajemzadeh M, Pelsue S, McGovern DPB, Uhlig HH, Schadt E, Klein C, Snapper SB, Muise AM. Mutations in tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A result in a severe form of very early onset inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2014; 146:1028-39. [PMID: 24417819 PMCID: PMC4002656 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Very early onset inflammatory bowel diseases (VEOIBD), including infant disorders, are a diverse group of diseases found in children younger than 6 years of age. They have been associated with several gene variants. Our aim was to identify the genes that cause VEOIBD. METHODS We performed whole exome sequencing of DNA from 1 infant with severe enterocolitis and her parents. Candidate gene mutations were validated in 40 pediatric patients and functional studies were carried out using intestinal samples and human intestinal cell lines. RESULTS We identified compound heterozygote mutations in the Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7 (TTC7A) gene in an infant from non-consanguineous parents with severe exfoliative apoptotic enterocolitis; we also detected TTC7A mutations in 2 unrelated families, each with 2 affected siblings. TTC7A interacts with EFR3 homolog B to regulate phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase at the plasma membrane. Functional studies demonstrated that TTC7A is expressed in human enterocytes. The mutations we identified in TTC7A result in either mislocalization or reduced expression of TTC7A. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase was found to co-immunoprecipitate with TTC7A; the identified TTC7A mutations reduced this binding. Knockdown of TTC7A in human intestinal-like cell lines reduced their adhesion, increased apoptosis, and decreased production of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. CONCLUSIONS In a genetic analysis, we identified loss of function mutations in TTC7A in 5 infants with VEOIBD. Functional studies demonstrated that the mutations cause defects in enterocytes and T cells that lead to severe apoptotic enterocolitis. Defects in the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase-TTC7A-EFR3 homolog B pathway are involved in the pathogenesis of VEOIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Avitzur
- Group for Improvement of Intestinal Function and Treatment (GIFT), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Conghui Guo
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lucas A Mastropaolo
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ehsan Bahrami
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Chen
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Paediatric Gastroenterology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhen Zhao
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abdul Elkadri
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandeep Dhillon
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan Murchie
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ramzi Fattouh
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hien Huynh
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Walker
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Biology, University of Southern Maine, Maine
| | - Paul W Wales
- Group for Improvement of Intestinal Function and Treatment (GIFT), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ernest Cutz
- Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yoichi Kakuta
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Immunobiology Research Institute at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles
| | - Joel Dudley
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Mount Sinai NY
| | | | - Fiona Powrie
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department Clinical Medicine-Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil Shah
- Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Christoph Walz
- Institute for Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Nathrath
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Kassel and CCG Osteosarcoma, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Kotlarz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jacek Puchaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - John Krieger
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tomas Racek
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute for Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas D Walters
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John H Brumell
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne M Griffiths
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Molecular Immunology Research Center; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Rashtian
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Najafi
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Monajemzadeh
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Stephen Pelsue
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Biology, University of Southern Maine, Maine
| | - Dermot PB McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Immunobiology Research Institute at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Paediatric Gastroenterology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eric Schadt
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Mount Sinai NY
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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3
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Dhillon SS, Mastropaolo LA, Murchie R, Griffiths C, Thöni C, Elkadri A, Xu W, Mack A, Walters T, Guo C, Mack D, Huynh H, Baksh S, Silverberg MS, Brumell JH, Snapper SB, Muise AM. Higher activity of the inducible nitric oxide synthase contributes to very early onset inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2014; 5:e46. [PMID: 24430113 PMCID: PMC3912315 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2013.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The NOS2 gene encodes for the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), responsible for nitric oxide (NO) production, which contributes to antimicrobial and antipathogenic activities. Higher levels of both iNOS and NO-induced damage have been observed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. NOS2 may have a role in a specific subset of IBD patients with severe and/or extensive colitis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the role of NOS2 in such a subset, very early onset IBD (VEO-IBD). METHODS Seventeen tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NOS2 gene were successfully genotyped in VEO-IBD patients. Genetic associations were replicated in an independent VEO-IBD cohort. Functional analysis for iNOS activity was performed on the most significantly associated functional variant. RESULTS The NOS2 rs2297518 SNP was found to be associated in VEO-IBD in two independent cohorts. Upon combined analysis, a coding variant (S608L) showed the strongest association with VEO-IBD (Pcombined=1.13 × 10(-6), OR (odds ratio)=3.398 (95% CI (confidence interval) 2.02-5.717)) as well as associations with VEO-Crohn's disease and VEO-ulcerative colitis (UC). This variant also showed an association with UC diagnosed between 11 and 17 years of age but not with adult-onset IBD (>17 years). B-cell lymphoblastoid cell lines genotyped for the risk variant as well as Henle-407 cells transfected with a plasmid construct with the risk variant showed higher NO production. Colonic biopsies of VEO-IBD patients showed higher immunohistochemical staining of nitrotyrosine, indicating more nitrosative stress and tissue damage. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest the importance of iNOS in genetic susceptibility to younger IBD presentation due to higher NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep S Dhillon
- 1] SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucas A Mastropaolo
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan Murchie
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Griffiths
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cornelia Thöni
- 1] SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter Innsbruck, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Abdul Elkadri
- 1] SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [3] Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Princess Margaret Hospital and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Mack
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Walters
- 1] SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Conghui Guo
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Mack
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hien Huynh
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shairaz Baksh
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark S Silverberg
- 1] Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Mount Sinai Hospital Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, University of Toronto Group, Dr Zane Cohen Digestive Diseases Clinical Research Centre, 600 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John H Brumell
- 1] SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [3] Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott B Snapper
- 1] Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts, USA [2] Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- 1] SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [3] Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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MacLeod G, Shang P, Booth GT, Mastropaolo LA, Manafpoursakha N, Vogl AW, Varmuza S. PPP1CC2 can form a kinase/phosphatase complex with the testis-specific proteins TSSK1 and TSKS in the mouse testis. Reproduction 2013; 147:1-12. [PMID: 24088291 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The mouse protein phosphatase gene Ppp1cc is essential for male fertility, with mutants displaying a failure in spermatogenesis including a widespread loss of post-meiotic germ cells and abnormalities in the mitochondrial sheath. This phenotype is hypothesized to be responsible for the loss of the testis-specific isoform PPP1CC2. To identify PPP1CC2-interacting proteins with a function in spermatogenesis, we carried out GST pull-down assays in mouse testis lysates. Amongst the identified candidate interactors was the testis-specific protein kinase TSSK1, which is also essential for male fertility. Subsequent interaction experiments confirmed the capability of PPP1CC2 to form a complex with TSSK1 mediated by the direct interaction of each with the kinase substrate protein TSKS. Interaction between PPP1CC2 and TSKS is mediated through an RVxF docking motif on the TSKS surface. Phosphoproteomic analysis of the mouse testis identified a novel serine phosphorylation site within the TSKS RVxF motif that appears to negatively regulate binding to PPP1CC2. Immunohistochemical analysis of TSSK1 and TSKS in the Ppp1cc mutant testis showed reduced accumulation to distinct cytoplasmic foci and other abnormalities in their distribution consistent with the loss of germ cells and seminiferous tubule disorganization observed in the Ppp1cc mutant phenotype. A comparison of Ppp1cc and Tssk1/2 knockout phenotypes via electron microscopy revealed similar abnormalities in the morphology of the mitochondrial sheath. These data demonstrate a novel kinase/phosphatase complex in the testis that could play a critical role in the completion of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham MacLeod
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
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