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Figueirôa JA, Menezes Novaes GU, de Souza Gomes H, de Morais Silva VLM, de Moraes Lucena D, Lima LMR, de Souza SA, Viana LGFC, Rolim LA, da Silva Almeida JRG, Oliveira APD, Gomes JP. Opuntia ficus-indica is an excellent eco-friendly biosorbent for the removal of chromium in leather industry effluents. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07292. [PMID: 34195412 PMCID: PMC8233137 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, the leather industry is an important economic segment moving around U$ 3 billions of dollars a year. However, high amounts of water are requested to transform skin animals into leather, causing high wastewater amounts to be consequently produced. A major problem is attached to the presence of chromium in the wastewater from the tanning process. Chromium is a heavy metal potentially toxic both to the environment and to the human health. In order to control the levels of chrome dumped into the environment, Brazilian agencies require the treatment of effluents by the generating source. Thus, this study aimed to develop an alternative method to the removal of chromium in wastewater from the leather industry using the Opuntia ficus-indica biomass as eco-friendly biosorbent. Crude waste samples were collected in a tannery stabilization pond for chromium quantification and further treatments. The powdered Opuntia ficus-indica was obtained from species collected in Pernambuco, Brazil, and its physical parameters and pHPCZ were characterized. Adsorptions studies and acute toxicity were also carried out. The biomass remaining after the sorption was analyzed through scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The chromium content was above the limit allowed by the Brazilian regulatory agency. In sorption studies, biomass was able to remove 74.8% and 84.88% of Cr (III) using 2.0 g and 4.0 g of biomass, respectively. The surface of biomass is very favorable to biosorption and the chemical bindings among oxygen atoms present in the chemical components of this biomass and the heavy metal was confirmed through infrared spectrum. This study proved that Opuntia ficus-indica is effectively biosorbent to chromium, promising and with low costs for the leather industry, able to reduce its ecotoxicity as proven by chemical and biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Andreza Figueirôa
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Sertão Pernambucano, Serra Talhada Campus, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Hélder de Souza Gomes
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Sertão Pernambucano, Forest Campus, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Larissa Araújo Rolim
- Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina Campus, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula de Oliveira
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Sertão Pernambucano, Santa Maria da Boa Vista Campus, Pernambuco, Brazil
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de Oliveira AP, Borges IV, Pereira ECV, Feitosa TA, Dos Santos RF, de Oliveira-Junior RG, Rolim LA, Cordeiro Viana LGF, Ribeiro LADA, Santos ADDC, Rolim-Neto PJ, Almeida JRGDS. Influence of light intensity, fertilizing and season on the cirsiliol content, a chemical marker of Leonotis nepetifolia (Lamiaceae). PeerJ 2019; 7:e6187. [PMID: 30671296 PMCID: PMC6338097 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leonotis nepetifolia (Family Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant from which the flavonoid cirsiliol with sedative, hypnotic, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity has been extracted. Methods Seedlings were cultivated under different levels of shade in native or fertilized modes. The content of cirsiliol was measured monthly by high-performance liquid chromatography and the total phenolic content by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Monitoring of growth was carried out with the weekly measurement of height until the stabilization of growth. Results The application of fertilizing and/or shading does not alter significantly the cirsiliol content. However, this content varies throughout the year, reaching the peak production in the summer, independently of the treatment applied. This same profile, with production in the summer, was also verified for phenolic compounds, reaching 58.15 ± 9.35 mg of equivalents of gallic acid per g of extract in the summer, content 1.84 times greater than the content verified in winter (31.56 ± 4.09 mg of gallic acid/g of extract). Although shading and fertilizing had no effect on cirsiliol content, the results also showed a positive influence on the height and biomass of the plant, which can causes a higher yield of extractable material. Discussion Biotic and abiotic stresses are able to increase or decrease the production of secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds in medicinal plants and, as the stress response is peculiar to each species, cultivation studies become necessary. The present study reports by the first time the influence of shading, fertilizing and seasons in cirsiliol content in L. nepetifolia. Among analyzed variables, the seasons showed a larger influence in expression of cirsiliol and among seasons, our results showed that the summer is the ideal season for collections. In summer, the photoperiod is larger than in other seasons of the year and due to that, the plants need greater protection against the long photoperiod. For this, the plants increase the production of phenolic compounds as observed in this study. Although they do not influence the production of cirsiliol, the shading and nutrients in soil favor growth and leaf area of several plants, explaining, thus, the higher height and biomass obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula de Oliveira
- Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ivanildo Viana Borges
- Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Thiala Alves Feitosa
- Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Raira Feitosa Dos Santos
- Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Araújo Rolim
- Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alan Diego da Conceição Santos
- Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
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