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Santos GMD, Montrezol FT, Pauli LSS, Sartori-Cintra AR, Colantonio E, Gomes RJ, Marinho R, Moura LPD, Pauli JR. Undulatory physical resistance training program increases maximal strength in elderly type 2 diabetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 12:425-32. [PMID: 25628192 PMCID: PMC4879907 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082014ao3162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of a specific protocol of undulatory physical resistance training on maximal strength gains in elderly type 2 diabetics. Methods The study included 48 subjects, aged between 60 and 85 years, of both genders. They were divided into two groups: Untrained Diabetic Elderly (n=19) with those who were not subjected to physical training and Trained Diabetic Elderly (n=29), with those who were subjected to undulatory physical resistance training. The participants were evaluated with several types of resistance training’s equipment before and after training protocol, by test of one maximal repetition. The subjects were trained on undulatory resistance three times per week for a period of 16 weeks. The overload used in undulatory resistance training was equivalent to 50% of one maximal repetition and 70% of one maximal repetition, alternating weekly. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.05) between pre-test and post-test over a period of 16 weeks. Results The average gains in strength were 43.20% (knee extension), 65.00% (knee flexion), 27.80% (supine sitting machine), 31.00% (rowing sitting), 43.90% (biceps pulley), and 21.10% (triceps pulley). Conclusion Undulatory resistance training used with weekly different overloads was effective to provide significant gains in maximum strength in elderly type 2 diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rodolfo Marinho
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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Marinho R, Moura LPD, Rodrigues BDA, Pauli LSS, Silva ASRD, Ropelle ECC, Souza CTD, Cintra DEC, Ropelle ER, Pauli JR. Effects of different intensities of physical exercise on insulin sensitivity and protein kinase B/Akt activity in skeletal muscle of obese mice. Einstein (Sao Paulo) 2014; 12:82-9. [PMID: 24728251 PMCID: PMC4898244 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082014ao2881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of different intensities of acute exercise on insulin sensitivity and protein kinase B/Akt activity in skeletal muscle of obese mice. Methods: Swiss mice were randomly divided into four groups, and fed either a standard diet (control group) or high fat diet (obese sedentary group and obese exercise group 1 and 2) for 12 weeks. Two different exercise protocols were used: swimming for 1 hour with or without an overload of 5% body weight. The insulin tolerance test was performed to estimate whole-body sensitivity. Western blot technique was used to determine protein levels of protein kinase B/Akt and phosphorylation by protein Kinase B/Akt in mice skeletal muscle. Results: A single bout of exercise inhibited the high fat diet-induced insulin resistance. There was increase in phosphorylation by protein kinase B/Akt serine, improve in insulin signaling and reduce of fasting glucose in mice that swam for 1 hour without overload and mice that swan for 1 hour with overload of 5%. However, no significant differences were seen between exercised groups. Conclusion: Regardless of intensity, aerobic exercise was able to improve insulin sensitivity and phosphorylation by protein kinase B/Ak, and proved to be a good form of treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Marinho
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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Souza Pauli LS, Ropelle ECC, de Souza CT, Cintra DE, da Silva ASR, de Almeida Rodrigues B, de Moura LP, Marinho R, de Oliveira V, Katashima CK, Pauli JR, Ropelle ER. Exercise training decreases mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-3 expression and suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis in obese mice. J Physiol 2014; 592:1325-40. [PMID: 24396063 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.264002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin plays an important role in the control of hepatic glucose production. Insulin resistant states are commonly associated with excessive hepatic glucose production, which contributes to both fasting hyperglycaemia and exaggerated postprandial hyperglycaemia. In this regard, increased activity of phosphatases may contribute to the dysregulation of gluconeogenesis. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-3 (MKP-3) is a key protein involved in the control of gluconeogenesis. MKP-3-mediated dephosphorylation activates FoxO1 (a member of the forkhead family of transcription factors) and subsequently promotes its nuclear translocation and binding to the promoters of gluconeogenic genes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). In this study, we investigated the effects of exercise training on the expression of MKP-3 and its interaction with FoxO1 in the livers of obese animals. We found that exercised obese mice had a lower expression of MKP-3 and FoxO1/MKP-3 association in the liver. Further, the exercise training decreased FoxO1 phosphorylation and protein levels of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and gluconeogenic enzymes (PEPCK and G6Pase). These molecular results were accompanied by physiological changes, including increased insulin sensitivity and reduced hyperglycaemia, which were not caused by reductions in total body mass. Similar results were also observed with oligonucleotide antisense (ASO) treatment. However, our results showed that only exercise training could reduce an obesity-induced increase in HNF-4α protein levels while ASO treatment alone had no effect. These findings could explain, at least in part, why additive effects of exercise training treatment and ASO treatment were not observed. Finally, the suppressive effects of exercise training on MKP-3 protein levels appear to be related, at least in part, to the reduced phosphorylation of Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) in the livers of obese mice.
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de Moura LP, Souza Pauli LS, Cintra DE, de Souza CT, da Silva ASR, Marinho R, de Melo MAR, Ropelle ER, Pauli JR. Acute exercise decreases PTP-1B protein level and improves insulin signaling in the liver of old rats. Immun Ageing 2013; 10:8. [PMID: 23442260 PMCID: PMC3599175 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-10-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is now commonly accepted that chronic inflammation associated with obesity during aging induces insulin resistance in the liver. In the present study, we investigated whether the improvement in insulin sensitivity and insulin signaling, mediated by acute exercise, could be associated with modulation of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) in the liver of old rats. Aging rats were subjected to swimming for two 1.5-h long bouts, separated by a 45 min rest period. Sixteen hours after the exercise, the rats were sacrificed and proteins from the insulin signaling pathway were analyzed by immunoblotting. Our results show that the fat mass was increased in old rats. The reduction in glucose disappearance rate (Kitt) observed in aged rats was restored 16 h after exercise. Aging increased the content of PTP-1B and attenuated insulin signaling in the liver of rats, a phenomenon that was reversed by exercise. Aging rats also increased the IRβ/PTP-1B and IRS-1/PTP-1B association in the liver when compared with young rats. Conversely, in the liver of exercised old rats, IRβ/PTP-1B and IRS-1/PTP-1B association was markedly decreased. Moreover, in the hepatic tissue of old rats, the insulin signalling was decreased and PEPCK and G6Pase levels were increased when compared with young rats. Interestingly, 16 h after acute exercise, the PEPCK and G6Pase protein level were decreased in the old exercised group. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms by which exercise restores insulin signalling in liver during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Motricidade Humana, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Santos Souza Pauli
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Esporte e Metabolismo. UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Esporte e Metabolismo. UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodolfo Marinho
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Esporte e Metabolismo. UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Rostom de Melo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Motricidade Humana, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Esporte e Metabolismo. UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Motricidade Humana, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.,Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Esporte e Metabolismo. UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil.,Curso de Ciências do Esporte, FCA-UNICAMP, Rua Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Jardim Santa Luzia, Limeira, SP, Brazil
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