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Van Beusichem AE, Nicolai J, Verhoeven J, Speth L, Coenen M, Willemsen MA, Kamsteeg EJ, Stumpel C, Vermeulen RJ. Mobility Characteristics of Children with Spastic Paraplegia Due to a Mutation in the KIF1A Gene. Neuropediatrics 2020; 51:146-153. [PMID: 31805580 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Several de novo variants in the KIF1A gene have been reported to cause a complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Additional symptoms include cognitive impairment and varying degrees of peripheral neuropathy, epilepsy, decreased visual acuity, and ataxia. We describe four patients (ages 10-18 years), focusing on their mobility and gait characteristics. Two patients were not able to walk without assistance and showed a severe abnormal gait pattern, crouch gait. At examination, severe contractures were found.In addition to describing the different phenotypes with specific attention to gait in our cases, we reviewed known KIF1A mutations and summarized their associated phenotypes.We conclude that mobility and cognition are severely affected in children with spastic paraplegia due to de novo KIF1A mutations. Deterioration in mobility is most likely due to progressive spasticity, muscle weakness, and the secondary development of severe contractures, possibly combined with an additional progressive polyneuropathy. Close follow-up and treatment of these patients are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Van Beusichem
- Department of Neurology, Section Pediatric Neurology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Nicolai
- Department of Neurology, Section Pediatric Neurology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Verhoeven
- Academical Centre for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe & Maastricht UMC+, Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - L Speth
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Adelante, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Coenen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Gait Analysis Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M A Willemsen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E J Kamsteeg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C Stumpel
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R J Vermeulen
- Department of Neurology, Section Pediatric Neurology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Dekkers K, Janssen-Potten Y, Gordon AM, Speth L, Smeets R, Rameckers E. Reliability of maximum isometric arm, grip and pinch strength measurements in children (7–12 years) with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 42:1448-1453. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1524522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koen Dekkers
- Revant Rehabilitation Centres, Breda, The Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- University for Professionals for Pediatric Physical Therapy, AVANSplus, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Janssen-Potten
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Adelante Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew M. Gordon
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucianne Speth
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Adelante Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Smeets
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Libra Rehabilitation and Audiology, Eindhoven/Weert, The Netherlands
| | - Eugene Rameckers
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- University for Professionals for Pediatric Physical Therapy, AVANSplus, Breda, The Netherlands
- Adelante Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, Pediatric Rehabilitation, Biomed, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
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Geijen M, Rameckers E, Schnackers M, Bastiaenen C, Gordon A, Speth L, Smeets R. Reproducibility of Task-Oriented Bimanual and Unimanual Strength Measurement in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2019; 39:420-432. [PMID: 30422038 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2018.1527426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To examine reproducibility of the arm-hand strength measured while performing the bimanual crate task and the unimanual pitcher task. Methods: 105 children diagnosed with unilateral Cerebral Palsy, aged between 6 and 18 years, participated in this study. The test-retest reliability of the force generated during bimanual crate task and unimanual pitcher task of the Task-oriented Arm-hAnd Capacity instrument was investigated using intraclass correlation two-way random model with absolute agreement. The intraclass correlations were calculated for two age groups (6-12 and 13-18 years old). Results: The results showed good test-retest reliability for the crate and pitcher task with the non-affected hand for both age groups. The results of the pitcher task for the affected hand showed moderate test-retest reliability for both age groups. Conclusion: The Task-oriented Arm-hAnd Capacity instrument has moderate to good test-retest reliability. It is a simple and objective instrument to assess task-oriented strength in children with unilateral cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mellanie Geijen
- a Research School CAPHRI, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Eugene Rameckers
- a Research School CAPHRI, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands.,b Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology , Adelante , Hoensbroek , The Netherlands
| | - Marlous Schnackers
- a Research School CAPHRI, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands.,c Behavioural Science Institute , Radboud University , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Carolien Bastiaenen
- d Research School CAPHRI, Department of Epidemiology , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Gordon
- e Department of Biobehavioral Sciences , Teachers College Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Lucianne Speth
- b Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology , Adelante , Hoensbroek , The Netherlands
| | - Rob Smeets
- a Research School CAPHRI, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands.,f Libra Rehabilitation and Audiology , Eindhoven/Weert , The Netherlands
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Speth L, Janssen-Potten Y, Rameckers E, Defesche A, Winkens B, Becher J, Smeets R, Vles H. Effects of botulinum toxin A and/or bimanual task-oriented therapy on upper extremity activities in unilateral Cerebral Palsy: a clinical trial. BMC Neurol 2015; 15:143. [PMID: 26286662 PMCID: PMC4544795 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-015-0404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study reports on the effects of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections in the upper extremity (UE) in children with unilateral Cerebral Palsy (uCP) combined with bimanual task-oriented therapy (BITT) or either treatment modality performed separately. Bimanual activities were measured with the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA), the ABILHand-Kids questionnaire (AK), the Observational Skills Assessment Score (OSAS). Goal achievement was measured with Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS), using blind video assessment, and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). METHODS Thirty-five children, mean age 7.14 years (SD 2.63), 11 Manual Ability Classification Score (MACS) I, 15 MACS II and 9 MACS III, participated. The trial started with four study groups: BoNT-A-only (n = 5), BITT-only (n = 11), BoNT-A + BITT (n = 13), and control (n = 6). Twenty-two children were randomised, 13 children received their parents' preferred treatment: BoNT-A + BITT or BITT-only. Three comparisons were analysed: BITT (BoNT-A + BITT and BITT-only; n = 24) versus no BITT (BoNT-A-only and control; n = 11), BoNT-A (BoNT-A-only and BoNT-A + BITT; n = 18) versus no BoNT-A (BITT-only and control; n = 17), and the additional effect of BoNT-A (BoNT-A + BITT versus BITT-only). Follow-up time: 24 weeks. RESULTS No significant differences between the groups were found on the AHA. The amount of use of both hands on the OSAS was significantly better in the BoNT-A group in the beading and sandwich-making task. The BoNT-A group also showed significant improvement in the quality scores of the OSAS: the wrist position during grasping and holding, especially in the younger children. The BITT group improved significantly on the AK and significantly more on the performance and satisfaction scores of the COPM at 12 and 24 weeks regarding several goals. BoNT-A showed a significant negative effect at 12 and 24 weeks in the most important goal. BITT, more than BoNT-A + BITT, showed positive effects on the GAS score at 12 (significant), 18 and 24 weeks. CONCLUSIONS BoNT-A has a positive effect on quality of movement and amount of use of the affected UE during the 3 months' working time. BoNT-A has no additional effect on bimanual performance and goal achievement. BITT has a positive effect on goal achievement and bimanual performance, even up to 6 weeks after therapy had stopped. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN69541857.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucianne Speth
- Adelante, Paediatric Rehabilitation, Onderstestraat 29, 6301 , KA, Valkenburg, The Netherlands. .,Adelante, Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Zandbergsweg 111, 6432 , CC, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands.
| | - Yvonne Janssen-Potten
- Adelante, Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Zandbergsweg 111, 6432 , CC, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands. .,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Maastricht University, Research School CAPHRI, PO Box 616, 6200 , MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Eugene Rameckers
- Adelante, Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Zandbergsweg 111, 6432 , CC, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands. .,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Maastricht University, Research School CAPHRI, PO Box 616, 6200 , MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Anke Defesche
- Adelante, Paediatric Rehabilitation, Onderstestraat 29, 6301 , KA, Valkenburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Bjorn Winkens
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Maastricht University, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jules Becher
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Free University Medical Centre, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 , HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Rob Smeets
- Adelante, Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Zandbergsweg 111, 6432 , CC, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands. .,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Maastricht University, Research School CAPHRI, PO Box 616, 6200 , MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5200, 6202 , AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans Vles
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Neurology, Maastricht University, Research School GROW, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Speth L, Janssen-Potten Y, Leffers P, Rameckers E, Defesche A, Winkens B, Becher J, Smeets R, Vles JSH. Effects of botulinum toxin A and/or bimanual task-oriented therapy on upper extremity impairments in unilateral Cerebral Palsy: an explorative study. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2015; 19:337-48. [PMID: 25661064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study reports on the effects of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections in the upper extremity (UE) of children with unilateral Cerebral Palsy (uCP) combined with bimanual task oriented therapy (BITT) or either treatment modality performed separately on UE range of motion (ROM), spasticity and (functional) strength. METHODS Thirty-five children, mean age 7.14 years (SD 2.63) of whom 11 had a Manual Ability Classification Score (MACS) I, 15 MACS II and 9 MACS III, participated. The trial started with four study groups: BoNT-A-only (n = 5), BITT-only (n = 11), BoNT-A + BITT (n = 13), and control (n = 6). Twenty-two children were randomized and, due to recruitment problems 13 children received their parents' preferred treatment: BoNT-A + BITT or BITT-only. Three comparisons were analysed: BITT (BoNT-A + BITT and BITT-only; n = 24) versus no BITT (BoNT-A-only and control; n = 11), BoNT-A (BoNT-A-only and BoNT-A + BITT; n = 18) versus no BoNT-A (BITT-only and control; n = 17), and the additional effect of BoNT-A (BoNT-A + BITT versus BITT-only). RESULTS BoNT-A significantly decreased key grip strength and finger flexion tone, had a clinically relevant (additional) positive effect on active thumb abduction and supination and a significantly negative effect on unilateral functional strength. BITT + BoNT-A significantly increased active supination. BITT reduced elbow flexor tone and BITT-only resulted in more improvement than BoNT-A + BITT in functional unimanual and, to a lesser extent, in bimanual grip strength. CONCLUSIONS In comparison with BoNT-A + BITT, BITT-only gives more improvement on functional grip strength and, therefore, could possibly increase bimanual performance. In this case, the (additional) role of BoNT-A may be an increase in active supination and thumb abduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucianne Speth
- Adelante, Paediatric Rehabilitation Centre, Onderstestraat 29, 6301 KA Valkenburg, The Netherlands; Adelante, Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands.
| | - Yvonne Janssen-Potten
- Adelante, Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands; Maastricht University, Research School CAPHRI, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Leffers
- Maastricht University, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eugene Rameckers
- Adelante, Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands; Maastricht University, Research School CAPHRI, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Defesche
- Adelante, Paediatric Rehabilitation Centre, Onderstestraat 29, 6301 KA Valkenburg, The Netherlands
| | - Bjorn Winkens
- Maastricht University, Department of Methodology and Statistics, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jules Becher
- Free University Medical Centre, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Smeets
- Adelante, Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands; Maastricht University, Research School CAPHRI, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Maastricht University Medical Centre, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J S H Vles
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Department of Neurology, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Maastricht University, Research School GROW, Department of Neurology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Speth L, Janssen-Potten Y, Leffers P, Rameckers E, Defesche A, Geers R, Smeets R, Vles H. Observational skills assessment score: reliability in measuring amount and quality of use of the affected hand in unilateral cerebral palsy. BMC Neurol 2013; 13:152. [PMID: 24139170 PMCID: PMC3853931 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-13-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Observational Skills Assessment Score (OSAS) measures amount and quality of use of the affected hand in children with unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) in bimanual activities and could therefore be a valuable addition to existing assessment tools. The OSAS consists of tasks that are age appropriate and require use of the affected hand. METHODS To measure the agreement and reliability of the OSAS a convenience sample of two groups of 16 children with unilateral spastic CP (2.5-6 and 12-16 years old), performed age specific bimanual tasks in 2 measurement sessions. Three experienced raters took part in testing and 8 in scoring. Intra class correlation (ICC) values for intra- and inter-rater reliability, and the mean and standard deviation of the differences between measurements were calculated. For test-retest reliability beside ICC scores, Smallest Detectable Differences (SDDs) were calculated in 16 older and 10 younger children. RESULTS Generally, there seems to be good agreement between repeated measurements of the OSAS, as indicated by the small SDDs on most scales for quality of movement, compared to the range of their scales. This indicates potentially good sensitivity to change if used for patient evaluation purposes. The exceptions were the 'quality of reach' score for all tasks, and all quality scores for the stacking blocks task for the young children. As used in the present study, the OSAS has good discriminative capacity within patient populations as indicated by the high ICCs for most quality scores. Measuring the amount of use does not seem to be useful for either discrimination or evaluation. CONCLUSION In general, the OSAS seems to be a reliable tool for assessing the quality of use of the affected hand in bimanual activities in younger and older children with unilateral CP. Some modifications may improve its usefulness and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucianne Speth
- Adelante, Paediatric Rehabilitation, Onderstestraat 29, 6301 KA, Valkenburg, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
Dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP) is a movement disorder that is difficult to treat and which causes major disability. We report on two female patients (aged 5y and 8y) who experienced severe perinatal asphyxia and developed dyskinetic CP, clinically characterized by choreoathetosis. Neuropsychological testing of these children showed a low average developmental quotient and no attentional deficit. Monotherapy with levetiracetam was initiated to improve balance control and fine motor skills. Treatment was evaluated by use of video and the Visual Analog Scale. In both children an impressive improvement of balance control and fine motor skills was observed. No side effect occurred. Furthermore, both patients showed more interest and pleasure during activities according to their parents. In a recent multidisciplinary evaluation of the initiated therapy, the parents, the therapist, and the rehabilitation doctor all confirmed that the effect initially observed was still present at 14 and 26 months later. To our knowledge, this report on two patients with dyskinetic CP is the first suggesting that levetiracetam may offer an alternative to the standard therapy of involuntary, uncontrolled movements in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Vles
- Department of Child Neurology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Speth L, Vles J, Rameckers E. Additional Effect of Botulinum Toxin A Treatment on Upper Limb Functional Skills in Children with Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy. Neuromodulation 2005; 8:191-2. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1403.2005.05237-8.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kwee H, Quaedackers J, van de Bool E, Theeuwen L, Speth L. Adapting the control of the MANUS manipulator for persons with cerebral palsy: An exploratory study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.3233/tad-2002-14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hok Kwee
- iRv Institute for Rehabilitation Research, 6430 AD Hoensbroek, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Quaedackers
- iRv Institute for Rehabilitation Research, 6430 AD Hoensbroek, The Netherlands
| | - Esther van de Bool
- Rehabilitation Centre SRL-Franciscusoord, 6301 KA Valkenburg, The Netherlands
| | - Lizette Theeuwen
- Rehabilitation Centre SRL-Franciscusoord, 6301 KA Valkenburg, The Netherlands
| | - Lucianne Speth
- Rehabilitation Centre SRL-Franciscusoord, 6301 KA Valkenburg, The Netherlands
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Van den Berg-Emons RJ, Van Baak MA, Speth L, Saris WH. Physical training of school children with spastic cerebral palsy: effects on daily activity, fat mass and fitness. Int J Rehabil Res 1998; 21:179-94. [PMID: 9924680 DOI: 10.1097/00004356-199806000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Effects of two 9-month sports programmes (four or two sessions per week) on level of daily physical activity (PA), fat mass (FM), and physical fitness were assessed in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP; n = 20, 9.2 +/- 1.4 yr), randomly assigned to an experimental and control group after matching. Four sessions per week tended to increase PA ratio (24-h energy expenditure/sleeping (resting) energy expenditure) after 9 months from 1.34 +/- 0.25 to 1.55 +/- 0.18 (P = 0.07; not different versus controls). FM increased continuously in the control group (after 9 months + 1.1 +/- 1.6 kg, P < 0.05), whereas the experimental groups showed no changes. Training (respectively four and two sessions) increased peak aerobic power 35% (P < 0.01; P < 0.05 versus controls) and 21% (P < 0.01; P = 0.17 versus controls). Results also suggest that training has a favourable effect on isokinetic muscle strength. No training-related effects were found on anaerobic power. It was concluded that although aerobic training has a limited effect on PA in children with CP, it may prevent deterioration in body composition and muscle strength. Furthermore, training has a favourable effect on peak aerobic power.
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van den Berg-Emons RJ, van Baak MA, de Barbanson DC, Speth L, Saris WH. Reliability of tests to determine peak aerobic power, anaerobic power and isokinetic muscle strength in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1996; 38:1117-25. [PMID: 8973297 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1996.tb15075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Test-retest reliability of measurements of peak aerobic power (cycle ergometer), anaerobic power (cycle ergometer), and isokinetic muscle strength of the knee (Cybex) was established in 12 young children with cerebral palsy (spastic diplegia/tetraplegia; mean age 8.8 years) and in addition in 39 healthy controls (mean age 9.2 years). The cycle ergometer tests were found to be reliable in both the group with CP and the control group (test-retest correlations varying from 0.72 to 0.96). The isokinetic strength test in the group with CP was only reliable at 30 degrees/s, whereas in the control group high test-retest correlations were also found at 60 degrees/s and 120 degrees/s.
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