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Mancini M, Cerroni L, Palopoli P, Olivi G, Olivi M, Buoni C, Cianconi L. FESEM evaluation of smear layer removal from conservatively shaped canals: laser activated irrigation (PIPS and SWEEPS) compared to sonic and passive ultrasonic activation-an ex vivo study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:81. [PMID: 33618701 PMCID: PMC7901090 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Irrigation of the pulp space is a mandatory step to get rid of all its organic and inorganic content. Activation of the irrigants play a key role in the era of minimally invasive endodontics. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of different irrigants activation methods in removing the smear layer at 1, 3, 5 and 8 mm from the apex from conservatively shaped canals.
Methods Eighty-five human mandibular premolars were selected. Specimens were shaped to TruShape 25/.06 and divided into 5 groups (1 control and 4 test groups) according to the final activation technique (EndoActivator, EA), Ultrasonic (EndoUltra, PUI) and Laser (PIPS and SWEEPS). EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) followed by NaOCl (Sodium Hypochlorite) and again EDTA were activated for each test group. Specimens were then split longitudinally and observed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Blinded evaluation of the presence of smear layer was performed at 1000X magnification, according to a 5-score index system. Comparison between groups were analysed statistically using the Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric analysis of variance. Bonferroni multiple comparison tests were used.
Results At 1 mm only PIPS and SWEEPS performed better than the control group. At 3, 5 and 8 mm from the apex, every activation technique showed statistically significant reduction of smear layer when compared to the control group. PIPS and SWEEPS obtained better cleanliness result compared to EA, while only PIPS was superior to PUI in terms of cleanliness. Conclusions PIPS and SWEEPS showed the best results in conservative canal preparations. Nowadays, contemporary rotary instruments allow fast and minimally invasive shaping of the endodontic space. In this scenario irrigants’ activation may be regarded as a mandatory step to a favourable clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuele Mancini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Science, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Loredana Cerroni
- Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Science, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Palopoli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, Endodontics, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Olivi
- Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Luigi Cianconi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Science, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
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Conte G, Panetta M, Mancini M, Fabianelli A, Brotzu A, Sorge R, Cianconi L. Curing effectiveness of single-peak and multi-peak led light curing units on tpo-containing resin composites with different chromatic characteristics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 10:140-150. [PMID: 29876039 DOI: 10.11138/orl/2017.10.2.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the surface microhardness of Lucirin-TPO (TPO) containing resin based composite (RBC) cured with three light-emitting diode (LED) light curing units (LCUs) (two single-peak LED and one multi-peak LED), and two different energy density (ED) (8 J/cm2 and 16 J/cm2). Ninety specimens (8 mm wide and 2 mm thick) (n=5), were prepared with three different shades: translucent (T), A2 dentin (A2d), and A4 dentin (A4d). Specimens were subjected to micro-hardness Vickers measurements (Vickers Hardness Number, VHN) on both top and bottom surfaces. Hardness ratio (rHV) was also calculated. Data were analyzed using multifactorial ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (<=0.05). Results indicated that higher ED performed better than lower ED. Multi-peak LED achieved higher VHNs and rHV than single-peak LED when curing a TPO-containing RBC. A4d invariably achieved lower rHV and VHN than T and A2d. Single-peak LED achieved comparable VHNs and rHVs with multi-peak LED only curing A2d and T shades with 16J/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Conte
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics and Biomaterials, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - M Panetta
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics and Biomaterials, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - M Mancini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics and Biomaterials, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - A Fabianelli
- Visiting lecturer in Sheffield University, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Brotzu
- Department of ICMA, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R Sorge
- Department of Human Physiology, Laboratory of Biometry, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - L Cianconi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics and Biomaterials, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Mancini M, Cerroni L, Iorio L, Dall'Asta L, Cianconi L. FESEM evaluation of smear layer removal using different irrigant activation methods (EndoActivator, EndoVac, PUI and LAI). An in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:993-999. [PMID: 28721527 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was to compare the efficacy of EndoActivator, EndoVac, PUI, and LAI methods in removing the smear layer from root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty single-rooted mandibular premolars were decoronated to a standardized length of 15 mm. Specimens were shaped to ProTaper F4 (Dentsply Maillefer) and irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl at 37 °C. Teeth were divided into six groups (two control groups [n = 10] and four test groups [n = 15]) according to the final irrigation activation/delivering technique (sonic irrigation [EndoActivator], passive ultrasonic irrigation [PUI], negative apical pressure [EndoVac], and laser activated irrigation [LAI]). Root canals were then split longitudinally and observed with field emission scanning electron microscopy to evaluate the presence of smear layer at 1, 3, 5, and 8 mm from the apex. Scores were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS The EndoActivator was significantly more efficient than PUI, LAI, and control groups in removing the smear layer at 3, 5, and 8 mm from the apex. The EndoVac System removed statistically significantly more smear layer than all groups at 1 mm from the apex. At 5 mm from the apex, EndoActivator and EndoVac removed more smear layer than LAI and control groups. At 5 and 8 mm from the apex, PUI and EndoVac did not differ statistically, but both performed statistically better than the control groups. CONCLUSION In our study, none of the activation/delivery systems completely removed the smear layer from the root canal walls; nevertheless, EV and EA showed, respectively, statistically significant better results at 1, 3, 5, and 8 mm and 3, 5, and 8 mm from the apex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuele Mancini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Science, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Loredana Cerroni
- Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Science, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iorio
- Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Science, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dall'Asta
- Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Science, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Cianconi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Science, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Cianconi L, Palopoli P, Campanella V, Mancini M. Composition and microstructure of MTA and Aureoseal Plus: XRF, EDS, XRD and FESEM evaluation. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2016; 17:281-285. [PMID: 28045315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and the phases' microstructure of Aureoseal Plus (OGNA, Italy) and ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, USA) and to compare their characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Design: Comparing Aureoseal Plus and ProRoot MTA microstructure by means of several analyses type. The chemical analysis of the two cements was assessed following the UNI EN ISO 196-2 norm. X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) was used to determine the element composition. The crystalline structure was analysed quantitatively using x-ray diffraction (XRD). Powders morphology was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with backscattering detectors, and a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Elemental analysis was performed by energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDS). RESULTS The semi-quantitative XRF analysis showed the presence of heavy metal oxides in both cements. The XRD spectra of the two cements reported the presence of dicalcium silicate, tricalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, tetracalcium aluminoferrite, bismuth oxide and gypsum. SEM analysis showed that ProRoot MTA powder is less coarse and more homogeneous than Aureoseal. Both powders are formed by particles of different shapes: round, prismatic and oblong. The EDS analysis showed that some ProRoot MTA particles, differently from Aureoseal, contain Ca, Si, Al and Fe. Oblong particles in ProRoot and Aureoseal are rich of bismuth. CONCLUSIONS The strong interest in developing new Portland cement-based endodontic sealers will create materials with increased handling characteristics and physicochemical properties. A thorough investigation on two cement powders was carried out by using XRF, XRD, SEM and EDS analysis. To date there was a lack of studies on Aureoseal Plus. This cement is similar in composition to ProRoot MTA. Despite that it has distinctive elements that could improve its characteristics, resulting in a good alternative to MTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cianconi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - P Palopoli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - V Campanella
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - M Mancini
- Department of Dental Materials, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Mancini M, Palopoli P, Iorio L, Conte G, Cianconi L. Accuracy of an electronic apex locator in the retreatment of teeth obturated with plastic or cross-linked gutta-percha carrier-based materials: an ex vivo study. J Endod 2014; 40:2061-5. [PMID: 25443281 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This ex vivo study evaluated the accuracy of the Root ZX electronic apex locator (EAL) (J Morita Corp, Kyoto, Japan) in determining the working length during retreatment of canals sealed with 2 different carrier-based obturating materials (ProTaper Obturator [Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland] and GuttaCore [Dentsply Maillefer]) and also evaluated whether they influenced its accuracy differently. METHODS Fifty extracted single-rooted human teeth with sound apices were selected for the study. We measured canals with the direct visual technique using a #10 K-file and shaped them with ProTaper Universal instruments (Dentsply Maillefer) up to this predetermined length. After instrumentation, we determined the canal length again using the visual technique (direct length [DL]). This value was considered the "reference point." Specimens were then placed in a tooth holder (Pro-Train; Simit Dental, Mantova, Italy), and the canal length was electronically measured (electronic length 1 [EL1]). Specimens were then obturated with ProTaper Obturators (group 1, n = 25) and GuttaCore (group 2, n = 25). Seven days later, a new electronic length was determined (electronic length 2 [EL2]) during retreatment procedures in the presence of the obturating material. EL1 and EL2 values were compared with DL using the Bland and Altman method. The different influences of the tested materials on the accuracy of the EAL were calculated with repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS Both EL1 and EL2 values provided a statistically significant overestimation of the actual canal length (DL [P < .05]), with the EL2 values higher from DL. The 2 different materials did not influence the accuracy of the EAL differently (P = .486). CONCLUSIONS The measurements obtained with the EAL tested during orthograde retreatments can lead clinicians to overinstrumentation and consequent overfilling of the endodontic space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuele Mancini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
| | - Pietro Palopoli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iorio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Conte
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Cianconi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Mancini M, Cerroni L, Iorio L, Armellin E, Conte G, Cianconi L. Smear Layer Removal and Canal Cleanliness Using Different Irrigation Systems (EndoActivator, EndoVac, and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation): Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation in an In Vitro Study. J Endod 2013; 39:1456-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mancini M, Felici R, Conte G, Costantini M, Cianconi L. Accuracy of Three Electronic Apex Locators in Anterior and Posterior Teeth: An Ex Vivo Study. J Endod 2011; 37:684-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cianconi L, Angotti V, Felici R, Conte G, Mancini M. Accuracy of Three Electronic Apex Locators Compared with Digital Radiography: An Ex Vivo Study. J Endod 2010; 36:2003-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mancini M, Armellin E, Casaglia A, Cerroni L, Cianconi L. A comparative study of smear layer removal and erosion in apical intraradicular dentine with three irrigating solutions: a scanning electron microscopy evaluation. J Endod 2009; 35:900-3. [PMID: 19482195 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2009] [Revised: 03/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study compared the efficacy of BioPure MTAD (Dentsply Tulsa, Tulsa, OK), 17% EDTA, and 42% citric acid in endodontic smear layer removal and degree of erosion in the apical third of endodontic canals. METHODS Ninety-six extracted single-rooted human teeth were randomized into four groups (n = 24) and instrumented using System GT nickel-titanium rotary instruments (Dentsply Tulsa, Tulsa, OK). Each canal was irrigated with one of the following solutions: BioPure MTAD, 17% EDTA, 42% citric acid, or 5.25% NaOCl (control). Next, all specimens were irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl. RESULTS Evaluation by scanning electron microscopy showed no significant differences among test irrigants in removing the smear layer. However, the efficacy of BioPure MTAD and 17% EDTA in removing the smear layer was significantly greater than 5.25% NaOCl (control). The erosive effects of irrigating solutions could not be evaluated. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the protocols used in this study were not sufficient to completely remove the smear layer in the apical third of prepared root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuele Mancini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Conte G, Cianconi L. A clear PVS matrix technique for the placement of posterior direct composites. Dent Today 2008; 27:124-127. [PMID: 18505037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Conte
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Rome Tor Vergata.
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Cianconi L, Baggi L, Mangani F. [Microscopic evaluation of posterior glass-ionomer cements and composites]. Attual Dent 1990; 6:27-33. [PMID: 2288688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Cianconi
- II Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata"
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12
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Cianconi L, Mangani F, Baggi L. ["In vivo" study in Class V cavities]. Attual Dent 1990; 6:45-8. [PMID: 2288691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Cianconi
- II Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata"
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Baggi L, Cianconi L, Venanzi L. [Technique for dilating the gingival sulcus]. Attual Dent 1990; 6:20-2. [PMID: 2288686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Baggi
- II Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata"
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Baggi L, Meneghelli M, Venanzi L, Cianconi L. [Adhesion between dentin and dental amalgam with resin-cement]. Attual Dent 1990; 6:41-4. [PMID: 2288690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Baggi
- II Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata"
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Baggi L, Cianconi L, Venanzi L. [Marginal adaptation of porcelain inlays]. Attual Dent 1990; 6:23-6. [PMID: 2288687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Baggi
- II Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata"
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Baggi L, Cianconi L, Venanzi L. [Ceramic onlays: light microscope study]. Attual Dent 1990; 6:18-9. [PMID: 2288685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Baggi
- II Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata"
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Cianconi L, Mangani F, Baggi L. [Analysis of tooth-restoration margins]. Attual Dent 1990; 6:36-40. [PMID: 2288689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Cianconi
- II Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata"
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Mangani F, Cianconi L, Grazzini F, Pirelli P. [A complicated case of endodontics and conservative dentistry]. Attual Dent 1987; 3:30-3. [PMID: 3483639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Cianconi L, Mangani F, Baggi L, Grazzini F, Pirelli P. [Bleaching and resotration of the anterior sector]. Attual Dent 1987; 3:54-7. [PMID: 3483642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Mangani F, Cianconi L, Grazzini F, Baggi L. [Natural retention. Recovery of seriously damaged molars]. Attual Dent 1987; 3:43-7. [PMID: 3483640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Cianconi L, Baggi L, Mangani F, Grazzini F, Pirelli P. [Wear of posterior composites]. Attual Dent 1987; 3:60-5. [PMID: 3331542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Mangani F, Cianconi L. [Enamel-dentinal adhesives]. Attual Dent 1987; 3:42-5. [PMID: 3331540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Mangani F, Cianconi L. [Conservative reconstruction of traumatically exposed pulp]. Attual Dent 1987; 3:38-41. [PMID: 3483629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Mangani F, Cianconi L. [Granuloma of the pulp]. Attual Dent 1987; 3:48-51. [PMID: 3483626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Fratto G, Lucchetti MC, Manzon L, Cianconi L. [Pulp reaction to composite resin restorations]. Dent Cadmos 1983; 51:55-64. [PMID: 6590326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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