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Nedel W, Deutschendorf C, Portela LVC. Sepsis-induced mitochondrial dysfunction: A narrative review. World J Crit Care Med 2023; 12:139-152. [PMID: 37397587 PMCID: PMC10308342 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v12.i3.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis represents a deranged and exaggerated systemic inflammatory response to infection and is associated with vascular and metabolic abnormalities that trigger systemic organic dysfunction. Mitochondrial function has been shown to be severely impaired during the early phase of critical illness, with a reduction in biogenesis, increased generation of reactive oxygen species and a decrease in adenosine triphosphate synthesis of up to 50%. Mitochondrial dysfunction can be assessed using mitochondrial DNA concentration and respirometry assays, particularly in peripheral mononuclear cells. Isolation of monocytes and lymphocytes seems to be the most promising strategy for measuring mitochondrial activity in clinical settings because of the ease of collection, sample processing, and clinical relevance of the association between metabolic alterations and deficient immune responses in mononuclear cells. Studies have reported alterations in these variables in patients with sepsis compared with healthy controls and non-septic patients. However, few studies have explored the association between mitochondrial dysfunction in immune mononuclear cells and unfavorable clinical outcomes. An improvement in mitochondrial parameters in sepsis could theoretically serve as a biomarker of clinical recovery and response to oxygen and vasopressor therapies as well as reveal unexplored pathophysiological mechanistic targets. These features highlight the need for further studies on mitochondrial metabolism in immune cells as a feasible tool to evaluate patients in intensive care settings. The evaluation of mitochondrial metabolism is a promising tool for the evaluation and management of critically ill patients, especially those with sepsis. In this article, we explore the pathophysiological aspects, main methods of measurement, and the main studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Nedel
- Intensive Care Unit, Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, Porto Alegre 91350200, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Brazilian Research in Intensive Care Network-BRICNet, São Paulo 04039-002, Brazil
| | - Caroline Deutschendorf
- Infection Control Committee, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90410-000, Brazil
| | - Luis Valmor Cruz Portela
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
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Zenki KC, Kalinine E, Zimmer ER, dos Santos TG, Mussulini BHM, Portela LVC, de Oliveira DL. Memantine decreases neuronal degeneration in young rats submitted to LiCl-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Neurotoxicology 2018; 66:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Tiefensee Ribeiro C, Gasparotto J, Teixeira AA, Portela LVC, Flores VNL, Moreira JCF, Gelain DP. Immune neutralization of the receptor for advanced glycation end products reduce liver oxidative damage induced by an acute systemic injection of lipopolysaccharide. J Biochem 2018; 163:515-523. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis Valmor Cruz Portela
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600–Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Saute JAM, Rieder CRM, Castilhos RM, Monte TL, Schumacher-Schuh AF, Donis KC, D'Ávila R, Souza GN, Russo AD, Furtado GV, Gheno TC, Souza DOG, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Portela LVC, Camey S, Torman VBL, Jardim LB. Planning future clinical trials in Machado Joseph disease: Lessons from a phase 2 trial. J Neurol Sci 2015; 358:72-6. [PMID: 26297649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a recent phase 2 clinical trial in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD), a neurogenetic disorder without specific therapy, benefits of lithium carbonate were found only on secondary efficacy outcomes, all related to ataxic features. In order to help designing future studies, we further analyzed the trial data searching for treatment response modifiers and metric properties of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) scales. METHODS Efficacy analysis was performed with the Neurological Examination Score for the Assessment of Spinocerebellar Ataxia (NESSCA) and the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) subscores and with the subgroup of patients with independent gait according to the 8-meter walking-time (8MW). Interactions of clinical/molecular findings with treatment response, minimally important differences (MIDs), and sample size estimations for NESSCA, SARA, Spinocerebellar Ataxia Functional Index (SCAFI) and Composite Cerebellar Functional Score (CCFS) were evaluated. RESULTS 62 SCA3/MJD patients had been randomly assigned (1:1) for the double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. While cerebellar NESSCA (range: 0-7 points) differed between groups 0.64 points (95% CI 0.23 to 1.05, p<0.001) over the whole 48weeks of study, favoring lithium, no effect was found on non-ataxia subscores. Among patients able to perform the 8MW on baseline, NESSCA (p=0.010) and SCAFI (p=0.015) differed between groups favoring lithium. Finally, estimated sample sizes for the scales were provided. CONCLUSION Lithium efficacy on cerebellar NESSCA, and on SCAFI and CCFS in the primary analysis, together with the lack of effect on non-ataxia features suggests that lithium should be tested in phase 3 trials in SCA3/MJD and that ataxia scales should be preferred to multisystem neurological instruments as the primary outcome. The inclusion of early stage patients is advisable in future clinical trials in SCA3/MJD. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01096082.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Alex Morales Saute
- Post-Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos R M Rieder
- Post-Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Raphael Machado Castilhos
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional (INAGEMP), Brazil
| | - Thais Lampert Monte
- Post-Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Karina Carvalho Donis
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rui D'Ávila
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Nunes Souza
- Post-Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Dutra Russo
- Post-Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Vasata Furtado
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tailise Conte Gheno
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo Onofre Gomes Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção (INCTEN), Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Saraiva-Pereira
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Valmor Cruz Portela
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção (INCTEN), Brazil
| | - Suzi Camey
- Post-Graduation Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Bielefeld Leotti Torman
- Post-Graduation Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Bannach Jardim
- Post-Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional (INAGEMP), Brazil.
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Saute JAM, de Castilhos RM, Monte TL, Schumacher-Schuh AF, Donis KC, D'Ávila R, Souza GN, Russo AD, Furtado GV, Gheno TC, de Souza DOG, Portela LVC, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Camey SA, Torman VBL, de Mello Rieder CR, Jardim LB. A randomized, phase 2 clinical trial of lithium carbonate in Machado-Joseph disease. Mov Disord 2014; 29:568-73. [PMID: 24399647 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because lithium exerts neuroprotective effects in preclinical models of polyglutamine disorders, our objective was to assess the safety and efficacy of lithium carbonate (0.5-0.8 milliequivalents per liter) in patients with Machado-Joseph disease (spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 [MJD/SCA3]). METHODS For this phase 2, single-center, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01096082), 62 patients who had MJD/SCA3 with a disease duration ≤10 years and an independent gait were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either lithium or placebo. RESULTS After 24 weeks, 169 adverse events were reported, including 50.3% in the lithium group (P = 1.00; primary safety outcome). Sixty patients (31 in the placebo group and 29 in the lithium group) were analyzed for efficacy (intention-to-treat analysis). Mean progression between groups did not differ according to scores on the Neurological Examination Score for the Assessment of Spinocerebellar Ataxia (NESSCA) after 48 weeks (-0.35; 95% confidence interval, -1.7 to 1.0; primary efficacy outcome). The lithium group exhibited minor progression on the PATA speech-rate (P = 0.002), the nondominant Click Test (P = 0.023), the Spinocerebellar Ataxia Functional Index (P = 0.003), and the Composite Cerebellar Functional Score (P = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Lithium was safe and well tolerated, but it had no effect on progression when measured using the NESSCA in patients with MJD/SCA3. This slowdown in secondary outcomes deserves further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Alex Morales Saute
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Medical Genetics, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Saute JAM, da Silva ACF, Muller AP, Hansel G, de Mello AS, Maeda F, Vedolin L, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Souza DO, Arpa J, Torres-Aleman I, Portela LVC, Jardim LB. Serum insulin-like system alterations in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Mov Disord 2010; 26:731-5. [PMID: 21506152 DOI: 10.1002/mds.23428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) constitute a group of autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorders with no current treatment. The insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) system (IIS) has been shown to play a role in the neurological dysfunction of SCAs and other polyglutamine disorders. We aimed to study the biomarker profile of serum IIS components in SCA3. We performed a case-control study with 46 SCA3 patients and 42 healthy individuals evaluating the peripheral IIS profile (insulin, IGF-1, IGFBP1 and 3) and the correlation with clinical, molecular, and neuroimaging findings. SCA3 patients presented lower insulin and IGFBP3 levels and higher insulin sensitivity (HOMA2), free IGF-I, and IGFBP1 levels when compared with controls. IGFBP-1 levels were directly associated with CAG expanded repeat length; IGF-1 was associated with the volumetries of specific brainstem regions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Insulin levels and sensitivity were related to age at onset of symptoms. Our findings indicate an involvement of IIS components in SCA3 neurobiology and IGFBP-1 as a potential biomarker of the disease.
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Oses JP, Batassini C, Pochmann D, Böhmer AE, Vuaden FC, Silvestrin RB, Oliveira A, Bonan CD, Bogo MR, Souza DO, Portela LVC, Sarkis JJDF, Mello e Souza T. The hydrolysis of striatal adenine- and guanine-based purines in a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Res 2010; 36:215-22. [PMID: 21046237 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra and a striatal dopamine decrease. Striatal extracellular adenosine and ATP modulate the dopaminergic neurotransmission whereas guanosine has a protective role in the brain. Therefore, the regulation of their levels by enzymatic activity may be relevant to the clinical feature of PD. Here it was evaluated the extracellular nucleotide hydrolysis from striatal slices 4 weeks after a unilateral infusion with 6-OHDA into the medial forebrain bundle. This infusion increased ADP, AMP, and GTP hydrolysis by 15, 25, and 41%, respectively, and decreased GDP hydrolysis by 60%. There was no change in NTPDases1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 5'-nucleotidase transcription. Dopamine depletion changes nucleotide hydrolysis and, therefore, alters the regulation of striatal nucleotide levels. These changes observed in 6-OHDA-lesioned animals may contribute to the symptoms observed in the model and provide evidence to indicate that extracellular purine hydrolysis is a key factor in understanding PD, giving hints for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Pierre Oses
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Arpa J, Sanz-Gallego I, Medina-Báez J, Portela LVC, Jardim LB, Torres-Aleman I, Saute JAM. Subcutaneous insulin-like growth factor-1 treatment in spinocerebellar ataxias: an open label clinical trial. Mov Disord 2010; 26:358-9. [PMID: 20960476 DOI: 10.1002/mds.23423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 07/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Ribeiro L, Andreazza AC, Salvador M, da Silveira TR, Vieira S, Nora DB, Bosa C, Di Napoli F, Schaf DV, Souza DO, Portela LVC, Kapczinski F. Oxidative stress and S100B protein in cirrhotic children. Neurochem Res 2007; 32:1600-3. [PMID: 17514420 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-007-9365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cirrhosis represents the terminal stage of a number of chronic liver diseases. Consequences include accumulation of toxic metabolic wastes, reduced synthesis of key proteins, increased portal venous pressure, and portosystemic shunting. We conducted a case-control study to assess the serum levels of S100B protein and parameters of oxidative stress, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and oxidative stress measured by the thiobarbituric acid method (TBARS), in a group of 14 pediatric patients with cirrhosis. No differences were found between groups in S100B protein levels. SOD activity and TBARS levels were higher; and CAT activity was lower in the cirrhotic group. A negative correlation between S100B and TBARS in the case group was found (r = -0.815, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study didn't indicate a possible role of S100B serum levels as marker of brain damage in cirrhotic children but suggest a possible relation between astrocyte function and oxidative damage in cirrhotic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre e Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
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Schenatto CB, Xavier RM, Bredemeier M, Portela LVC, Tort ABL, Dedavid e Silva TL, Souza DO, Brenol JCT. Raised serum S100B protein levels in neuropsychiatric lupus. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:829-31. [PMID: 16699054 PMCID: PMC1798174 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.048330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test serum S100B protein levels in patients with and without neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) and controls. METHODS 87 patients with SLE, 23 with and 64 without neuropsychiatric involvement, and 25 control subjects were prospectively evaluated. NPSLE diagnosis was made according to the American College of Rheumatology nomenclature and case definitions for neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes. Serum S100B protein levels were determined with a luminescence immunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS Among the patients with NPSLE, 9 presented psychosis; 4, cranial neuropathy; 3, cerebrovascular disease; 1, seizures; 1, chorea; 1, peripheral polyneuropathy; 1, multiplex mononeuropathy; 3, dementia. Serum concentrations of S100B protein were significantly higher in patients with NPSLE (median 0.164 ng/ml, interquartile range 0.113-0.332) than in non-NPSLE patients (0.062 ng/ml, 0.026-0.109) and controls (0.088 ng/ml, 0.013-0.124) (p<0.001). Patients with anti-dsDNA antibodies had higher S100B protein levels (p = 0.001). No significant associations were found of lupus activity (among non-NPSLE cases), antiphospholipid antibodies, and reduced complement levels with S100B concentration. CONCLUSIONS Serum S100B protein level is raised in NPSLE, reflecting continuing neurological damage. The association of anti-dsDNA antibodies with higher S100B protein concentration deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Schenatto
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Busnello JV, Leke R, Oses JP, Feier G, Bruch R, Quevedo J, Kapczinski F, Souza DO, Cruz Portela LV. Acute and chronic electroconvulsive shock in rats: Effects on peripheral markers of neuronal injury and glial activity. Life Sci 2006; 78:3013-7. [PMID: 16413036 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2005] [Revised: 11/01/2005] [Accepted: 11/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy is considered one of the most effective treatments of major depression, but controversy still exists on whether it may be brain damaging. The aim of this work was to evaluate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of neuron specific enolase (NSE), protein S100B and lactate of rats submitted to acute and chronic models of ECS. Rats were submitted to either one shock (acute) or a series of eight shocks, applied one at every 48 h (chronic). CSF samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after the shock in the acute model and at these same time intervals after the last shock in the chronic model. Both models did not produce significant alterations in the levels of NSE. S100B levels were significantly increased at 6 h in the chronic model (p<0.0001). There was a significant increase in the levels of lactate at 0 h in both models (p<0.001). These results support the proposition that ECS does not produce neural damage, and suggest that the alterations in the levels of S100B and lactate may reflect an astrocytic activity of a protective nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vicente Busnello
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Abstract
The sequential hydrolysis of purines is present in rat CSF and generates nucleosides as inosine and guanosine that are usual substrates for purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). PNP catalyzes phosphorolysis of the purine nucleosides and deoxynucleosides releasing purine bases. Here we investigated the presence of PNP in CSF of rats using: i) a specific chromophoric analogue of nucleosides, 2-amino-6-mercapto-7-methylpurine ribonucleoside (MESG), and ii) an inhibitor of PNP activity, immucillin-H. Additionally, we performed a preliminary kinetic characterization (K(M): Henry-Michaelis-Menten constant; V: maximal velocity) for MESG and inorganic phosphate (Pi). The values of K(M) and V for MESG (n = 3, mean+/-SD) were 142.5+/-29.5 microM and 0.0102+/-0.0006 U mg(-1), respectively. For Pi (n=3, mean+/-SD), the K(M) values and V were 186.8+/-43.7 microM and 0.0104+/-0.0016 U mg(-1), respectively. The results indicated that PNP is present in rat CSF and provided a preliminary kinetic characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Guimarães Silva
- Grupo de Microbiologia Molecular e Funcional, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
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Portela LVC, Tort ABL, Walz R, Bianchin M, Trevisol-Bittencourt PC, Wille PR, Cardoso RC, Ishida MMI, vonWangenheim A, Grisard EC, Steindel M, Gonçalves CA, Souza DO. Interictal serum S100B levels in chronic neurocysticercosis and idiopathic epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand 2003; 108:424-7. [PMID: 14616295 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0404.2003.00159.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether serum S100B levels could reflect a glial response in patients with epilepsy secondary to neurocysticercosis (NCC) and with idiopathic epilepsy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Serum S100B levels were measured using an immunoluminometric assay in 20 patients with focal epilepsy related to chronic NCC (NCC group), and 19 patients with focal epilepsy (EPI group), matched by epidemiological and clinical data. Epileptic patients were compared with 20 healthy controls (CON group) matched by age and sex. RESULTS No difference was observed in S100B levels among NCC, EPI and CON groups (P>0.39). Serum S100B levels were not affected by antiepileptic drugs, frequency and type of seizures. Preliminarily, significantly higher levels of S100B were observed in patients with bilateral electroencephalographic (EEG) findings than in patients with unilateral and normal EEG findings (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Serum S100B is normal in patients with focal epilepsy related or not to chronic NCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V C Portela
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Cruz Portela LV, Oses JP, Silveira AL, Schmidt AP, Lara DR, Oliveira Battastini AM, Ramirez G, Vinadé L, Freitas Sarkis JJ, Souza DO. Guanine and adenine nucleotidase activities in rat cerebrospinal fluid. Brain Res 2002; 950:74-8. [PMID: 12231230 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02987-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Adenine and guanine nucleotides have been shown to exert multiple roles in central and peripheral nervous systems, and the sequential breakdown of these nucleotides by enzymatic systems is an important step in the modulation of their extracellular effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether nucleotide hydrolysis also occurs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rats. CSF was able to hydrolyze all guanine and adenine nucleotides investigated (2.0 mM): GDPz.Gt;ADP=ATP=GTPz.Gt;AMP=GMP. More detailed studies with the diphosphate nucleotides showed that the hydrolysis of ADP and GDP was linear with incubation time and protein concentration. The apparent K(M) (Henry-Michaelis-Menten constant) and V (maximal velocity) values for ADP and GDP were 164.3+/-54.7 microM and 12.2+/-3.8 nmol P(i)/min per mg protein, and 841.0+/-90.2 microM and 22.8+/-8.0 nmol P(i)/min per mg protein. The sum of ADP, GDP and UDP hydrolysis (2.0 mM) upon individual incubations with CSF was similar to the hydrolysis observed when all three nucleotides were incubated together. This pattern of hydrolysis strongly suggests the involvement of more than one enzyme activity. The higher maximum activity for GDP and UDP compared to ADP is compatible with presence of a soluble NTDPase5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Valmor Cruz Portela
- Departamento de Bioqui;mica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, 90035-003, RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Machado-Vieira R, Lara DR, Portela LVC, Gonçalves CA, Soares JC, Kapczinski F, Souza DO. Elevated serum S100B protein in drug-free bipolar patients during first manic episode: a pilot study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2002; 12:269-72. [PMID: 12007679 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-977x(02)00029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
S100B protein is a calcium-binding protein mostly derived from glial cells, which exerts trophic or toxic effects on neural cells depending on its concentration. Since serum S100B levels has been tested as a potential marker in neuropsychiatric disorders, and structural abnormalities on glial cells have been recently associated with bipolar disorder patients, we conducted this preliminary study to examine if S100B serum levels are altered during first manic episode. We quantitated S100B in serum of 40 subjects (20 unmedicated patients during manic episode and 20 healthy matched controls). The mean+/-S.D. values for S100B for bipolar subjects were 0.065+/-0.068 microg/l and 0.018+/-0.029 microg/l for healthy controls. Increased levels of S100B in bipolar mania was statistically significant (Wilcoxon signed ranks test, Z=-2.45, P=0.01). These preliminary findings suggest that mania may increase the levels of S100B in serum of bipolar disorder patients, which could be related to adaptative neural mechanisms in bipolar mania.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Machado-Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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