1
|
Langer Horvat L, Španić Popovački E, Babić Leko M, Zubčić K, Horvat L, Mustapić M, Hof PR, Šimić G. Anterograde and Retrograde Propagation of Inoculated Human Tau Fibrils and Tau Oligomers in a Non-Transgenic Rat Tauopathy Model. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041004. [PMID: 37189622 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The tauopathy of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is first observed in the brainstem and entorhinal cortex, spreading trans-synaptically along specific pathways to other brain regions with recognizable patterns. Tau propagation occurs retrogradely and anterogradely (trans-synaptically) along a given pathway and through exosomes and microglial cells. Some aspects of in vivo tau spreading have been replicated in transgenic mice models expressing a mutated human MAPT (tau) gene and in wild-type mice. In this study, we aimed to characterize the propagation of different forms of tau species in non-transgenic 3-4 months old wild-type rats after a single unilateral injection of human tau oligomers and tau fibrils into the medial entorhinal cortex (mEC). We determined whether different variants of the inoculated human tau protein, tau fibrils, and tau oligomers, would induce similar neurofibrillary changes and propagate in an AD-related pattern, and how tau-related pathological changes would correlate with presumed cognitive impairment. We injected human tau fibrils and tau oligomers stereotaxically into the mEC and examined the distribution of tau-related changes at 3 days and 4, 8, and 11 months post-injection using antibodies AT8 and MC1, which reveal early phosphorylation and aberrant conformation of tau, respectively, HT7, anti-synaptophysin, and the Gallyas silver staining method. Human tau oligomers and tau fibrils exhibited some similarities and some differences in their ability to seed and propagate tau-related changes. Both human tau fibrils and tau oligomers rapidly propagated from the mEC anterogradely into the hippocampus and various parts of the neocortex. However, using a human tau-specific HT7 antibody, 3 days post-injection we found inoculated human tau oligomers in the red nucleus, primary motor, and primary somatosensory cortex, a finding not seen in animals inoculated with human tau fibrils. In animals inoculated with human tau fibrils, 3 days post-injection the HT7 antibody showed fibrils in the pontine reticular nucleus, a finding explained only by uptake of human tau fibrils by incoming presynaptic fibers to the mEC and retrograde transport of inoculated human tau fibrils to the brainstem. Rats inoculated with human tau fibrils showed as early as 4 months after inoculation a spread of phosphorylated tau protein at the AT8 epitopes throughout the brain, dramatically faster propagation of neurofibrillary changes than with human tau oligomers. The overall severity of tau protein changes 4, 8, and 11 months after inoculation of human tau oligomers and tau fibrils correlated well with spatial working memory and cognition impairments, as measured by the T-maze spontaneous alternation, novel object recognition, and object location tests. We concluded that this non-trangenic rat model of tauopathy, especially when using human tau fibrils, demonstrates rapidly developing pathologic alterations in neurons, synapses, and identifiable pathways together with cognitive and behavioral changes, through the anterograde and retrograde spreading of neurofibrillary degeneration. Therefore, it represents a promising model for future experimental studies of primary and secondary tauopathies, especially AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Langer Horvat
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ena Španić Popovački
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klara Zubčić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Horvat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Mustapić
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Horvat L, Antica M, Matulić M. The Effect of Casein Kinase 2 Inhibition on three Leukemic Cell Lines. CDTH 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885514666190724111509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background::
Casein Kinase 2 (CK2) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase that coregulates a great
number of signalling pathways in the cell. It is involved in cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation,
apoptosis, DNA damage response and gene transcription. Its substrates are numerous kinases
and transcription factors. It was found to be upregulated in different tumours, and certain types of
leukaemia are very sensitive to its inhibition.
Objective::
We analysed the effects of casein kinase 2 inhibition on three leukaemia cell lines of B
and T cell origin: Jurkat, a T cell line, CLL, a chronic B lymphocytic leukaemia cell line and 697, a
pre-B acute lymphocytic leukaemia cell line. Besides cell proliferation and cytotoxicity analysis, the
aim was to investigate the influence of CK2 inhibition on elements of the Notch signalling pathway.
Notch signalling has an important role in blood cell differentiation, and CK2 regulates Ikaros, a
tumour suppressor interfering with Notch signalling
Methods::
and T leukaemia cells were treated with different concentrations of the CK2 inhibitor,
CX-4945, for 6 days, and cell viability and proliferation were determined by Trypan Blue Exclusion
Method. Analysis of gene expression was performed by RT-qPCR.
Results::
All three cell lines were sensitive to CK2 inhibition and among them, 697 cells had two
times lower IC50. In Jurkat and CLL cells changes in c-Myc and Notch pathway gene expression
were found.
Conclusion::
As CK2 is involved in numerous signalling circuits, we concluded that each cell type
could have a cell-specific response in gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luka Horvat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mariastefania Antica
- Division of Molecular Biology, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Matulić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Horvat L, Madunić J, Grubar M, Antica M, Matulić M. Induction of Urokinase Activity by Retinoic Acid in Two Cell Lines of Neuronal Origin. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7030070. [PMID: 31547462 PMCID: PMC6784121 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid is one of the most well-known agents able to induce differentiation in several types of tumours. Unfortunately, most of the tumours are refractive to the differentiation cues. The aim of this investigation was to analyse the effects of prolonged treatment with retinoic acid on two cell lines of neural origin refractive to differentiation. Cells were also treated with retinoic acid in combination with a poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor because PARP1 is a known chromatin modulator and can influence the process of differentiation. The main methods comprised tumour cell line culturing and treatment; analysis of RNA and protein expression after cell treatment; as well as analysis of urokinase activity, migration, and proliferation. Both cell lines continued to proliferate under the prolonged treatment and showed increase in urokinase plasminogen activator activity. Analysis of gene expression and cell phenotype revealed different mechanisms, which only in neuroblastoma H4 cells could indicate the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The data collected indicate that the activity of the urokinase plasminogen activator, although belonging to an extracellular protease, does not necessary lead to epithelial-mesenchymal reprogramming and increase in cell migration but can have different outcomes depending on the intracellular milieu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luka Horvat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Josip Madunić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Martina Grubar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Mariastefania Antica
- Division of Molecular Biology, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Maja Matulić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.H.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chiarenza A, Horvat L, Lanting K, Suurmond J. A review of training programmes addressing healthcare for migrants and ethnic minorities in Europe. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - L Horvat
- Consumers as Partners Branch, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K Lanting
- Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Suurmond
- Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Horvat L, Antica M, Matulić M. Effect of Notch and PARP Pathways' Inhibition in Leukemic Cells. Cells 2018; 7:cells7060058. [PMID: 29903986 PMCID: PMC6025460 DOI: 10.3390/cells7060058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of blood cells is one of the most complex processes in the body. It is regulated by the action of transcription factors in time and space which creates a specific signaling network. In the hematopoietic signaling system, Notch is one of the main regulators of lymphocyte development. The aim of this study was to get insight into the regulation of Notch signalization and the influence of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) activity on this process in three leukemia cell lines obtained from B and T cells. PARP1 is an enzyme involved in posttranslational protein modification and chromatin structure changes. B and T leukemia cells were treated with Notch and PARP inhibitors, alone or in combination, for a prolonged period. The cells did not show cell proliferation arrest or apoptosis. Analysis of gene and protein expression set involved in Notch and PARP pathways revealed increase in JAGGED1 expression after PARP1 inhibition in B cell lines and changes in Ikaros family members in both B and T cell lines after γ-secretase inhibition. These data indicate that Notch and PARP inhibition, although not inducing differentiation in leukemia cells, induce changes in signaling circuits and chromatin modelling factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luka Horvat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mariastefania Antica
- Division of Molecular Biology, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Matulić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Madunić J, Horvat L, Majstorović I, Jodłowska I, Antica M, Matulić M. Sodium Salicylate Inhibits Urokinase Activity in MDA MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Clin Breast Cancer 2017; 17:629-637. [PMID: 28456486 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sodium salicylate (NaS) is a derivate of acetylsalicylic acid or aspirin, used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for centuries, for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. It was found to modulate different signaling pathways, in a cell-specific way. Here, we explore the effect of NaS on cell growth and urokinase activity in MDA MB-231 breast cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the effect of NaS treatment on cell growth by flow cytometry and viability test. The transwell migration assay was used to study the migratory response of the cells. The gene expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR on RNA level and by Western blot analysis on protein level. Urokinase activity was assessed by caseinolysis. RESULTS Sublethal concentrations of NaS decreased cell growth and inhibited urokinase activity. The latter was a consequence of decrease in urokinase expression and increase in expression of its inhibitors. Analysis of signaling molecules revealed activation of transforming growth factor-β signaling, increase in master transcription factors for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and changes in integrin expression. CONCLUSIONS We propose that NaS causes partial cellular reprogramming through transforming growth factor-β signaling which, together with direct NaS influence, causes changes in expression in a set of genes involved in extracellular proteolysis. These data could be beneficial for the development of new therapeutic approaches in invasive breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josip Madunić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Horvat
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Iga Jodłowska
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Maja Matulić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Delalande A, Manta S, Horvat L, Ezzine S, Bessodes M, Midoux P, Jaffres PA, Mignet N, Pichon C. 269. Ultrasound-Targeted Delivery of Chemotherapeutic Drug and Nucleic Acids By Gas-Filled Cationic Liposomes. Mol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)33878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
8
|
Abstract
The present study aims to prove an improvement in breast-feeding practices in mothers who received written instructions for successful breast-feeding and had individual counselling at the time of taking this questionnaire. The instructions were based on the results of a study carried out in Slovenia in 1993 and published in the Journal of Advanced Nursing (1998), 27, 1250-1256 (Hoyer & Pokorn 1998). The variables that were then found statistically significant in the initial and continued breast-feeding became the basis of written instructions for breast-feeding. The results obtained in the new current study were compared with that basic study which included 881 mothers. This was possible because the conditions of breast-feeding between 1993 and 1995 (when the new study was launched) had not changed. The idea of baby-friendly hospital initiative (BFHI) had not yet come into force in Slovenia. The current study comprised 203 pregnant women who were first visited during their 8th month of pregnancy. In order to collect data on breast-feeding and deliver instructions, a field nurse visited each mother eight times until the completion of first year and continued to visit them every third month and for all those who were still breast-feeding after that time, until the end of the lactation period. Statistical analysis was carried out by means of SPSS statistical package and survival analysis. All mothers in the study started breast-feeding. By the end of the first month 84.7% of them were still breast-feeding, while by the end of the third month it dropped to 74.9%, and by the end of the sixth month to 45.8%. Among these, breast-feeding alone was practised in the first week by 25.7%, by the end of the first month by 16.4%, and by the end of the third month by 9.5%. All the observed parameters were better than in the basic study. The mean duration of breast-feeding was 217 days, while the longest duration was 852 days. The survival analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the duration of breast-feeding. In the current study group, mothers weaned their infants at a slower rate than in the group from the year 1993. It has been found that the written instructions as well as personal encouragement by the field nurse exerted a favourable influence on breast-feeding practices, which was taken as a guideline for our further professional work and change of standards in the field of breast-feeding promotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Hoyer
- Department of Nursing, University College of Health Care, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Republic of Slovenia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Bloch A, Horvat L. [Effects of LBI45, practolol and a placebo on the exercise tests of coronary patients. A double-blind study (author's transl)]. Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax 1974; 63:62-5. [PMID: 4605646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
11
|
Novosel B, Horvat L, Jukié B, Mrakovčić V, Tezak B. The precipitation of mercurous halides in the nitric acidic medium. Colloid Polym Sci 1974. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01381694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
12
|
Girard JP, Horvat L, Didisheim JC. Inhalation tests as a routine diagnostic procedure in allergic asthma. Ann Allergy 1973; 31:596-602. [PMID: 4759389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
13
|
Weber J, Clara FR, Horvat L, Cougn R, Moret PR. [Early cardiopulmonary response to moderate altitude]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1973; 103:295-7. [PMID: 4695253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
14
|
Dami J, Horvat L, Girard JP. [Anti-pulmonary tissue antibodies in chronic respiratory diseases]. Helv Med Acta 1972; 36:203. [PMID: 4623943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
15
|
|