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Khan AQ, Thielen L, Le Pen G, Krebs MO, Kebir O, Groh A, Deest M, Bleich S, Frieling H, Jahn K. Methylation pattern and mRNA expression of synapse-relevant genes in the MAM model of schizophrenia in the time-course of adolescence. Schizophrenia (Heidelb) 2022; 8:110. [PMID: 36481661 PMCID: PMC9732294 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is highly heritable and aggregating in families, but genetics alone does not exclusively explain the pathogenesis. Many risk factors, including childhood trauma, viral infections, migration, and the use of cannabis, are associated with schizophrenia. Adolescence seems to be the critical period where symptoms of the disease manifest. This work focuses on studying an epigenetic regulatory mechanism (the role of DNA methylation) and its interaction with mRNA expression during development, with a particular emphasis on adolescence. The presumptions regarding the role of aberrant neurodevelopment in schizophrenia were tested in the Methyl-Azoxy-Methanol (MAM) animal model. MAM treatment induces neurodevelopmental disruptions and behavioral deficits in off-springs of the treated animals reminiscent of those observed in schizophrenia and is thus considered a promising model for studying this pathology. On a gestational day-17, adult pregnant rats were treated with the antimitotic agent MAM. Experimental animals were divided into groups and subgroups according to substance treatment (MAM and vehicle agent [Sham]) and age of analysis (pre-adolescent and post-adolescent). Methylation and mRNA expression analysis of four candidate genes, which are often implicated in schizophrenia, with special emphasis on the Dopamine hypothesis i.e., Dopamine receptor D2 (Drd2), and the "co-factors" Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), Synaptophysin (Syp), and Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (Dtnbp1), was performed in the Gyrus cingulum (CING) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Data were analyzed to observe the effect of substance treatment between groups and the impact of adolescence within-group. We found reduced pre-adolescent expression levels of Drd2 in both brain areas under the application of MAM. The "co-factor genes" did not show high deviations in mRNA expression levels but high alterations of methylation rates under the application of MAM (up to ~20%), which diminished in the further time course, reaching a comparable level like in Sham control animals after adolescence. The pre-adolescent reduction in DRD2 expression might be interpreted as downregulation of the receptor due to hyperdopaminergic signaling from the ventral tegmental area (VTA), eventually even to both investigated brain regions. The notable alterations of methylation rates in the three analyzed co-factor genes might be interpreted as attempt to compensate for the altered dopaminergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qayyum Khan
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Laboratory for Molecular Neurosciences (LMN), Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hannover (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany ,grid.444940.9University of Management and Technology—School of Pharmacy, 72-A Raiwind Rd, Dubai Town, Lahore Pakistan
| | - Lukas Thielen
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Laboratory for Molecular Neurosciences (LMN), Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hannover (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gwenaëlle Le Pen
- grid.512035.0Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM, Pathophysiology of Psychiatric disorders: Development and Vulnerability, U1266, 102-108 Rue de la Santé, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- grid.512035.0Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM, Pathophysiology of Psychiatric disorders: Development and Vulnerability, U1266, 102-108 Rue de la Santé, 75014 Paris, France ,GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 1 Rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Oussama Kebir
- grid.512035.0Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM, Pathophysiology of Psychiatric disorders: Development and Vulnerability, U1266, 102-108 Rue de la Santé, 75014 Paris, France ,GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 1 Rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Adrian Groh
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Laboratory for Molecular Neurosciences (LMN), Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hannover (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maximilian Deest
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Laboratory for Molecular Neurosciences (LMN), Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hannover (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Bleich
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Laboratory for Molecular Neurosciences (LMN), Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hannover (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Helge Frieling
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Laboratory for Molecular Neurosciences (LMN), Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hannover (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kirsten Jahn
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Laboratory for Molecular Neurosciences (LMN), Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hannover (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Lichtveld MY, Cioffi JP, Baker EL, Bailey SB, Gebbie K, Henderson JV, Jones DL, Kurz RS, Margolis S, Miner K, Thielen L, Tilson H. Partnership for front-line success: a call for a national action agenda on workforce development. J Public Health Manag Pract 2001; 7:1-7. [PMID: 11434035 DOI: 10.1097/00124784-200107040-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite more than a decade of dialogue on the critical needs and challenges in public health workforce development, progress remains slow in implementing recommended actions. A life-long learning system for public health remains elusive. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry in collaboration with other partners in federal, state, local agencies, associations and academia is preparing a national action agenda to address front-line preparedness. Four areas of convergence have emerged regarding: (1) the use of basic and crosscutting public health competencies to develop practice-focused curricula; (2) a framework for certification and credentialing; (3) the need to establish a strong science base for workforce issues; and (4) the acceleration of the use of technology-supported learning in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Lichtveld
- Public Health Practice Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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