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Wafo E, Abou L, Nicolay A, Boissery P, Perez T, Ngono Abondo R, Garnier C, Chacha M, Portugal H. A chronicle of the changes undergone by a maritime territory, the Bay of Toulon (Var Coast, France), and their consequences on PCB contamination. Springerplus 2016; 5:1230. [PMID: 27536514 PMCID: PMC4970988 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in 39 surface sediment samples and four cores collected in Toulon Bay, a semiclosed area submitted to various anthropogenic inputs. The concentration of PCBs in the superficial sediment samples ranged from 1.7 to 2530 ng g−1 dry weight. The spatial distribution of these compounds suggested that the high concentrations of these contaminants are located in the small bay and are related to human activities. In the larger bay, the concentrations were in the same order of magnitude than those reported in others locations around the world. Comparison of the levels with target values from the French legislation shows that, except for four polluted sites with critical values (N2: values ≥1 mg kg−1 dry weight) in the smaller bay, PCBs levels throughout the larger and the smaller bay are lower than the accepted values (N1: values <0.5 mg kg−1 dry weight). The PCBs in the sediment cores ranged from 0.8 to 739 ng g−1 dry weight dependent core. Vertical profiles indicated earlier usage of PCBs which coincided with the history of the Toulon Bay. In this study, using alkane, we could follow the PCBs pollution history over about 80 years and estimate a sedimentation rate of about 0.32 cm year in the small Bay of Toulon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Wafo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, IMBE UMR 7263 CNRS, 237IRD/l'UMR 1062 INSERM/INRA 1260/AMU- NORT: Nutrition, Obésité et Risques Thrombotique et UMR 910 Génétique, Marseille, France ; Aix-Marseille-Université, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique associé à l'UMR 1062 INSERM/INRA 1260/AMU-NORT: Nutrition, Obésité et Risques Thrombotique et UMR 910 Génétique, Marseille, France ; IMBE UMR CNRS 7263/IRD 237, Aix-Marseille-Université, Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Lydia Abou
- Aix-Marseille-Université, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique associé à l'UMR 1062 INSERM/INRA 1260/AMU-NORT: Nutrition, Obésité et Risques Thrombotique et UMR 910 Génétique, Marseille, France
| | - Alain Nicolay
- Aix-Marseille-Université, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique associé à l'UMR 1062 INSERM/INRA 1260/AMU-NORT: Nutrition, Obésité et Risques Thrombotique et UMR 910 Génétique, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Boissery
- Aix-Marseille-Université, Agence de l'Eau Rhône Méditerranée Corse, 62, La Canebière, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Perez
- IMBE UMR CNRS 7263/IRD 237, Aix-Marseille-Université, Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Rose Ngono Abondo
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique et de Législation Pharmaceutique, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université de Yaoundé 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cédric Garnier
- Laboratoire PROTEE, Université du Sud de Toulon, Toulon, France
| | - Mama Chacha
- FEAS, Alhosn University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Henri Portugal
- Aix-Marseille-Université, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique associé à l'UMR 1062 INSERM/INRA 1260/AMU-NORT: Nutrition, Obésité et Risques Thrombotique et UMR 910 Génétique, Marseille, France
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Wolff E, Vergnes MF, Kaloustian J, Abou L, Mikail C, Lairon D, Portugal H, Nicolay A. A new approach to overcome natural cholesterol interference during simultaneous determination of two stable isotope-enriched cholesterol tracers in human plasma. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2007; 21:3175-9. [PMID: 17768697 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a validated gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method with two labelled cholesterol tracers, i.e. (2)H(4) ([2H4]-Chol) and (2)H(7) ([2H7]-Chol) enriched moieties, with a new way of calculating the abundance of labelled cholesterol in plasma without natural cholesterol interference. The isotopomers of the analytes could interfere during analysis. Elimination of these interferences can be performed by the blank or mathematical subtraction method. Validation was performed with the two interference elimination methods. For both methods, linearity was obtained in the range 5 x 10(-4) to 10(-2) mM for both labelled cholesterol moieties. In the same range, repeatability and reproducibility were less than 6.5% and 7.5% for [2H4]-Chol and [2H7]-Chol, respectively. Accuracy was about 100% and recoveries always included 100% for the two labelled cholesterols. We demonstrate that measurement of blank plasma is not necessary when using the validated abundance isotope calculation method. This saves time, reagent and samples. This calculation strategy can be extrapolated to comparable tracer approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wolff
- Univ Méditerranée Aix-Marseille 2; INSERM, U476 Nutrition Humaine et lipides, Marseille, France
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Reboul E, Abou L, Mikail C, Ghiringhelli O, André M, Portugal H, Jourdheuil-Rahmani D, Amiot MJ, Lairon D, Borel P. Lutein transport by Caco-2 TC-7 cells occurs partly by a facilitated process involving the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). Biochem J 2005; 387:455-61. [PMID: 15554873 PMCID: PMC1134974 DOI: 10.1042/bj20040554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The carotenoid lutein is thought to play a role in the human eye and to protect against age-related macular degeneration. Lutein transport in the human intestine has not been characterized. We examined lutein transport processes using Caco-2 TC-7 monolayers as a model for human intestinal epithelium. Purified lutein was mixed with phospholipids, lysophospholipids, cholesterol, mono-olein, oleic acid and taurocholate to obtain lutein-rich mixed micelles that mimicked those found under physiological conditions. The micelles were added to the apical side of Caco-2 TC-7 cell monolayers for 30 min or 3 h at 37 degrees C. Absorbed lutein, i.e. the sum of lutein recovered in the scraped cells and in the basolateral chamber, was quantified by HPLC. Transport rate was measured (i) as a function of time (from 15 to 60 min), (ii) as a function of micellar lutein concentration (from 1.5 to 15 microM), (iii) at 4 degrees C, (iv) in the basolateral to apical direction, (v) after trypsin pretreatment, (vi) in the presence of beta-carotene and/or lycopene, (vii) in the presence of increasing concentrations of antibody against SR-BI (scavenger receptor class B type 1) and (viii) in the presence of increasing concentrations of a chemical inhibitor of the selective transfer of lipids mediated by SR-BI, i.e. BLT1 (blocks lipid transport 1). The rate of transport of lutein as a function of time and as a function of concentration was saturable. It was significantly lower at 4 degrees C than at 37 degrees C (approx. 50%), in the basal to apical direction than in the opposite direction (approx. 85%), and after trypsin pretreatment (up to 45%). Co-incubation with beta-carotene, but not lycopene, decreased the lutein absorption rate (approx. 20%) significantly. Anti-SR-BI antibody and BLT1 significantly impaired the absorption rate (approx. 30% and 57% respectively). Overall, these results indicate that lutein absorption is, at least partly, protein-mediated and that some lutein is taken up through SR-BI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Reboul
- *UMR 476 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
- †1260 INRA, Marseille F-13385, France
- ‡Univ Aix-Marseille, Marseille F-13385, France
- §IPHM, Marseille F-13385, France
| | - Lydia Abou
- ∥Service de Chimie Analytique, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Céline Mikail
- ∥Service de Chimie Analytique, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Odette Ghiringhelli
- *UMR 476 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
- †1260 INRA, Marseille F-13385, France
- ‡Univ Aix-Marseille, Marseille F-13385, France
- §IPHM, Marseille F-13385, France
| | - Marc André
- *UMR 476 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
- †1260 INRA, Marseille F-13385, France
- ‡Univ Aix-Marseille, Marseille F-13385, France
- §IPHM, Marseille F-13385, France
| | - Henri Portugal
- ∥Service de Chimie Analytique, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Dominique Jourdheuil-Rahmani
- *UMR 476 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
- †1260 INRA, Marseille F-13385, France
- ‡Univ Aix-Marseille, Marseille F-13385, France
- §IPHM, Marseille F-13385, France
- ¶Laboratoire de Biochimie et Sémiologie Cliniques, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Marie-Josèphe Amiot
- *UMR 476 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
- †1260 INRA, Marseille F-13385, France
- ‡Univ Aix-Marseille, Marseille F-13385, France
- §IPHM, Marseille F-13385, France
| | - Denis Lairon
- *UMR 476 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
- †1260 INRA, Marseille F-13385, France
- ‡Univ Aix-Marseille, Marseille F-13385, France
- §IPHM, Marseille F-13385, France
| | - Patrick Borel
- *UMR 476 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
- †1260 INRA, Marseille F-13385, France
- ‡Univ Aix-Marseille, Marseille F-13385, France
- §IPHM, Marseille F-13385, France
- To whom correspondence should be addressed, at UMR 476 INSERM/1260 INRA (email )
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Reboul E, Borel P, Mikail C, Abou L, Charbonnier M, Caris-Veyrat C, Goupy P, Portugal H, Lairon D, Amiot MJ. Enrichment of tomato paste with 6% tomato peel increases lycopene and beta-carotene bioavailability in men. J Nutr 2005; 135:790-4. [PMID: 15795436 DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.4.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A high intake of tomato products is associated with a lower incidence of upper aerodigestive tract and prostate cancers. This beneficial effect might be explained by a higher intake of carotenoids such as lycopene and/or beta-carotene. Because tomato peels, usually eliminated during tomato processing, are a valuable source of these carotenoids, we designed a study to examine whether a tomato paste enriched in tomato peels (ETP, 6% peel) increases the absorption of these carotenoids compared to a classically made tomato paste (CTP). Carotenoid bioaccessibility was evaluated using an in vitro digestion model by measuring the amount of carotenoids transferred from the pastes to micelles. Carotenoid absorption by human intestinal cells (Caco-2) was evaluated after the addition of carotenoid-rich micelles (obtained from the in vitro digestion of the 2 pastes). Carotenoid bioavailability in humans was assessed by measuring chylomicron carotenoid responses in a postprandial experiment in which 8 healthy men consumed 2 meals containing either the ETP or the CTP. ETP contained 47.6 mg lycopene (58% more than CTP) and 1.75 mg beta-carotene (99% more than CTP) per 100 g of paste. In micelles, 30% more lycopene and 81% more beta-carotene were recovered after ETP than after CTP in vitro digestion. The amount of carotenoids absorbed by Caco-2 cells was 75% greater (P < or = 0.05) for lycopene and 41% greater (P < or = 0.05) for beta-carotene after the addition of micelles from ETP than from CTP. After ETP intake the chylomicron beta-carotene response was 74% greater than after CTP intake, and the lycopene response tended to be greater (34.1%, P = 0.093). Peel enrichment of tomato paste with tomato peel is an interesting option for increasing lycopene and beta-carotene intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Reboul
- INSERM, U476 Nutrition Humaine et lipides, INRA, UMR 1260, Univ Méditerranée Aix-Marseille 2, Marseille F-13385, France
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Giordani R, Regli P, Kaloustian J, Mikaïl C, Abou L, Portugal H. Antifungal effect of various essential oils againstCandidaalbicans. Potentiation of antifungal action of amphotericin B by essential oil fromThymus vulgaris. Phytother Res 2005; 18:990-5. [PMID: 15742351 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The antifungal effect of the essential oil from Satureja montana L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Lavandula hybrida Reverchon, Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merril and Perry, Origanum vulgare L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and six chemotypes of Thymus vulgaris L. on Candida albicans growth were studied. The most efficiency was obtained with the essential oil from Thymus vulgaris thymol chemotype (MIC 80% = 0.016 microL/mL and Kaff = 296 microL/mL). The presence in the culture medium of essential oil from Thymus vulgaris thymol chemotype (0.01, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 microg/mL) and amphotericin B involved a decrease of the MIC 80% of amphotericin B. In contrast, the combination of amphotericin B and low concentrations (0.00031-0.0025 microg/mL) of essential oil was antagonistic. The strongest decrease (48%) of the MIC 80% was obtained with medium containing 0.2 microL/mL of essential oil. These results signify that the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris thymol chemotype potentiates the antifungal action of amphotericin B suggesting a possible utilization of this essential oil in addition to antifungal drugs for the treatment of mycoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Giordani
- Laboratoire de Botanique, Cryptogamie et Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
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