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Noblejas-López MDM, Gandullo-Sánchez L, Galán-Moya EM, López-Rosa R, Tébar-García D, Nieto-Jiménez C, Gómez-Juárez M, Burgos M, Pandiella A, Ocaña A. Antitumoral Activity of a CDK9 PROTAC Compound in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5476. [PMID: 35628286 PMCID: PMC9146359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a broad family of proteins involved in the cell cycle and transcriptional regulation. In this article, we explore the antitumoral activity of a novel proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) compound against CDK9. Breast cancer cell lines from different subtypes were used. Transcriptomic mapping of CDKs in breast cancer demonstrated that the expression of CDK9 predicted a detrimental outcome in basal-like tumors (HR = 1.51, CI = 1.08-2.11, p = 0.015) and, particularly, in the luminal B subtype with HER2+ expression (HR = 1.82, CI = 1.17-2.82, p = 0.0069). The novel CDK9 PROTAC, THAL-SNS-032, displayed a profound inhibitory activity in MCF7, T47D, and BT474 cells, with less effect in SKBR3, HCC1569, HCC1954, MDA-MB-231, HS578T, and BT549 cells. The three cell lines with HER2 overexpression and no presence of ER, SKBR3, HCC1569, and HCC1954 displayed an EC50 three times higher compared to ER-positive and dual ER/HER2-positive cell lines. BT474-derived trastuzumab-resistant cell lines displayed a particular sensitivity to THAL-SNS-032. Western blot analyses showed that THAL-SNS-032 caused a decrease in CDK9 levels in BT474, BT474-RH, and BT474-TDM1R cells, and a significant increase in apoptosis. Experiments in animals demonstrated an inverse therapeutic index of THAL-SNS-032, with doses in the nontherapeutic and toxic range. The identified toxicity was mainly due to an on-target off-tumor effect of the compound in the gastrointestinal epithelium. In summary, the potent and efficient antitumoral properties of the CDK9 PROTAC THAL-SNS-032 opens the possibility of using this type of compound in breast cancer only if specifically delivered to cancer cells, particularly in ER/HER2-positive and HER2-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Mar Noblejas-López
- Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.d.M.N.-L.); (E.M.G.-M.); (R.L.-R.); (D.T.-G.); (M.G.-J.); (M.B.)
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Castilla-La Mancha University (UCLM), 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Lucía Gandullo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC, IBSAL and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.G.-S.); (A.P.)
| | - Eva M. Galán-Moya
- Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.d.M.N.-L.); (E.M.G.-M.); (R.L.-R.); (D.T.-G.); (M.G.-J.); (M.B.)
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Castilla-La Mancha University (UCLM), 02008 Albacete, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, Castilla-La Mancha University (UCLM), 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Raquel López-Rosa
- Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.d.M.N.-L.); (E.M.G.-M.); (R.L.-R.); (D.T.-G.); (M.G.-J.); (M.B.)
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Castilla-La Mancha University (UCLM), 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - David Tébar-García
- Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.d.M.N.-L.); (E.M.G.-M.); (R.L.-R.); (D.T.-G.); (M.G.-J.); (M.B.)
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Castilla-La Mancha University (UCLM), 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Cristina Nieto-Jiménez
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdISSC) and CIBERONC, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mónica Gómez-Juárez
- Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.d.M.N.-L.); (E.M.G.-M.); (R.L.-R.); (D.T.-G.); (M.G.-J.); (M.B.)
| | - Miguel Burgos
- Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.d.M.N.-L.); (E.M.G.-M.); (R.L.-R.); (D.T.-G.); (M.G.-J.); (M.B.)
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Castilla-La Mancha University (UCLM), 02008 Albacete, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC, IBSAL and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.G.-S.); (A.P.)
| | - Alberto Ocaña
- Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.d.M.N.-L.); (E.M.G.-M.); (R.L.-R.); (D.T.-G.); (M.G.-J.); (M.B.)
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Castilla-La Mancha University (UCLM), 02008 Albacete, Spain
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdISSC) and CIBERONC, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Nieto-Jiménez C, Galán-Moya E, Corrales-Sanchez V, Noblejas López M, Burgos M, Domingo B, Montero J, Perez-Peña J, Gómez-Juárez M, Pandiella A, Ocaña A. In vitro and in vivo rescue of resistance to BET inhibitors by targeting PLK1 in triple negative breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz241.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Noblejas-López MDM, Nieto-Jimenez C, Burgos M, Gómez-Juárez M, Montero JC, Esparís-Ogando A, Pandiella A, Galán-Moya EM, Ocaña A. Activity of BET-proteolysis targeting chimeric (PROTAC) compounds in triple negative breast cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:383. [PMID: 31470872 PMCID: PMC6717344 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an incurable disease where novel therapeutic strategies are needed. Proteolysis targeting chimeric (PROTAC) are novel compounds that promote protein degradation by binding to an ubiquitin ligase. In this work, we explored the antitumoral activity of two novel BET-PROTACs, MZ1 and ARV-825, in TNBC, ovarian cancer and in a BET inhibitor resistant model. Methods OVCAR3, SKOV3, BT549, MDA-MB-231 cell lines and the JQ1 resistant cell line MDA-MB-231R were evaluated. MTTs, colony-forming assay, three-dimensional cultures in matrigel, flow cytometry, and western blots were performed to explore the anti-proliferative effect and biochemical mechanism of action of MZ1 and ARV-825. In vivo studies included BALB/c nu/nu mice engrafted with MDA-MB-231R cells. Results The BET-PROTACs MZ1 and ARV-825 efficiently downregulated the protein expression levels of the BET protein BRD4, in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231R. MZ1 and ARV-825 also showed an antiproliferative effect on sensitive and resistant cells. This effect was corroborated in other triple negative (BT549) and ovarian cancer (SKOV3, OVCAR3) cell lines. MZ1 provoked G2/M arrest in MDA-MB-231. In addition, a profound effect on caspase-dependent apoptosis was observed in both sensitive and resistant cells. No synergistic activity was observed when it was combined with docetaxel, cisplatin or olaparib. Finally, in vivo administration of MZ1 rescued tumor growth in a JQ1-resistant xenograft model, reducing the expression levels of BRD4. Conclusions Using both in vitro and in vivo approaches, we describe the profound activity of BET-PROTACs in parental and BETi-resistant TNBC models. This data provides options for further clinical development of these agents in TNBC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1387-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Mar Noblejas-López
- Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital, C/ Francisco Javier de Moya sn, 02006, Albacete, Spain.,Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), C/Almansa 14, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Cristina Nieto-Jimenez
- Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital, C/ Francisco Javier de Moya sn, 02006, Albacete, Spain.,Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), C/Almansa 14, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Miguel Burgos
- Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital, C/ Francisco Javier de Moya sn, 02006, Albacete, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Juárez
- Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital, C/ Francisco Javier de Moya sn, 02006, Albacete, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Montero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.,CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Azucena Esparís-Ogando
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.,CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.,CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain.,CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eva M Galán-Moya
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), C/Almansa 14, 02008, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Alberto Ocaña
- Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital, C/ Francisco Javier de Moya sn, 02006, Albacete, Spain. .,Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), C/Almansa 14, 02008, Albacete, Spain. .,Unidad de nuevas terapias y Oncología traslacional, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, IDISSC and CIBERONC, Calle del Prof Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Giral M, García-Olmo DC, Gómez-Juárez M, Gómez de Segura IA. Anaesthetic effects in the ferret of alfaxalone alone and in combination with medetomidine or tramadol: a pilot study. Lab Anim 2014; 48:313-20. [DOI: 10.1177/0023677214539150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Alfaxalone is a neurosteroid with anaesthetic effects and it has been used successfully in several animal species. However, there are no data, to our knowledge, about its efficacy and safety in ferrets ( Mustela putorius furo). We evaluated a variety of anaesthetic regimens in ferrets, namely, alfaxalone at 20, 10 and 5 mg/kg ( n = 1, 10 and 9, respectively; intravenously); medetomidine at 20 µg/kg ( n = 3; intramuscularly); medetomidine (20 µg/kg, intramuscularly) plus alfaxalone (2.5 mg/kg, intravenously; n = 7); and tramadol (5 mg/kg, intramuscularly) plus alfaxalone (5 mg/kg, intravenously; n = 2). Two animals treated with alfaxalone at 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively, died. At 5 mg/kg alfaxalone produced anaesthesia with a similar onset but a shorter duration of anaesthesia and analgesia than alfaxalone at 10 mg/kg. The medetomidine–alfaxalone combination produced anaesthesia and analgesia of a longer duration than alfaxalone administered alone at 5 mg/kg ( P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Under this anaesthetic regimen, there was a progressive decrease in pulse rate during the first 30 min before the pulse rate stabilized. Respiratory parameters were maintained at acceptable levels. When tramadol was administered, all the animals exhibited a strong excitation reaction and in no case was the toe-pinch reflex clearly abolished. Thus, alfaxalone plus medetomidine provided safe and effective anaesthesia in ferrets. Alfaxalone, alone or in combination with tramadol, did not produce satisfactory results for use as an anaesthetic for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Giral
- Animal Facilities, Almirall SA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D C García-Olmo
- Experimental Research Unit, General University Hospital of Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - M Gómez-Juárez
- Experimental Research Unit, General University Hospital of Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - I A Gómez de Segura
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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