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Brosnan M, Gavin J. The Impact of Stigma, Autism Label and Wording on the Perceived Desirability of the Online Dating Profiles of Men on the Autism Spectrum. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 51:4077-4085. [PMID: 33459917 PMCID: PMC8510896 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Those seeking romantic relations are increasingly using online dating sites, including young men on the autism spectrum. This study presented dating profiles with and without an explicit label of autism and positive or negative wording to 306 'females seeking a male partner'. Participants assessed the men's dating profiles in terms of perceived attractiveness, trustworthiness and desire-to-date. They also completed a questionnaire on their level of stigmatisation of, and familiarity with, autism. An explicit autism label and positive wording positively impacted perceived attractiveness. With positively worded profiles, those with highly stigmatising views reported decreased desire-to-date when an explicit label of autism was present; those with low levels of stigmatising reported increased desire-to-date when an explicit autism label was present.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brosnan
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - J Gavin
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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Janssens K, Paratz E, Brosnan M, Lindqvist A, Mitchell A, Afridi A, Orchard J, Prior D, La Gerche A. You've got to be in it to win it: the importance of including female athletes in screening ECG cohorts. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
ECG screening is widely employed in athletic populations with the aim of identifying cardiac conditions associated with sudden death. Recommendations for athlete ECG interpretation are disproportionately reliant on data from male athletes and sex-specific differences have not been adequately elucidated.
Purpose
The aim of this study is to identify any different patterns in female athletic training response on ECG screening.
Methods
444 elite athletes (156 male rowers, 135 female rowers, 117 male cricketers, 36 female cricketers) underwent electrocardiogram (ECG) screening. Standard definitions were used to characterize abnormalities identified on ECG. Comparisons were made according to sex and endurance (rowing) vs skill-based (cricket) athletes (EA and SBA respectively).
Results
“Potentially pathological” T-wave inversion extending to V3 was more prevalent in female athletes (9.9% vs. 2.9%, P=0.002), especially amongst endurance athletes (11.9% female EA vs. 2.8% female SBA, P=0.004) (Figure 1). As compared with males, the QTc interval was longer in female athletes (418 vs. 402ms), the QRS duration was shorter (90 vs. 100 ms) and left ventricular hypertrophy on voltage criteria were less prevalent (9.9% vs. 33.3%, P<0.001 for all). First-degree heart block and incomplete right bundle branch block were more prevalent amongst male athletes.
Conclusion
Female athletes exhibit different training-related cardiac remodelling responses to exercise compared to males. A greater proportion of ostensibly healthy female athletes, especially female endurance athletes, have ECG changes that would be deemed “potentially pathological” according to current sex-agnostic guidelines.
Figure 1
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- K Janssens
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E Paratz
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Brosnan
- St Vincent's Hospital, National Centre for Sports Cardiology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Lindqvist
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Mitchell
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Afridi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - J Orchard
- University of Sydney, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Prior
- St Vincent's Hospital, National Centre for Sports Cardiology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A La Gerche
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Broadbent JM, Murray CM, Schwass DR, Brosnan M, Brunton PA, Lyons KS, Thomson WM. The Dental Amalgam Phasedown in New Zealand: A 20-year Trend. Oper Dent 2020; 45:255-264. [PMID: 31995425 DOI: 10.2341/19-024-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Information on the choice of material and performance of restorations placed in a dental practice annually is limited. The Minamata Convention on Mercury is likely to affect the use of amalgam worldwide. The objective of this research was to investigate the use of restorative materials at the University of Otago Faculty of Dentistry in New Zealand from 1998 to 2017. METHODS Data from the Faculty of Dentistry's database from the years of interest were compiled. These data included information on the characteristics of restorations, including information on the material used and number of surfaces involved for each restoration. The tooth in which each restoration was placed was categorized by arch, tooth type, and deciduous or permanent dentition. RESULTS Records identified 227,514 permanent restorations placed from January 1998 to December 2017, of which 91.7% were direct restorations. Among direct restorations, composite resin was the most commonly used material, followed by amalgam, glass ionomer, and compomer. The use of amalgam for direct restorations decreased from 52.3% of direct restorations in 1998 to 7.1% in 2017. A corresponding increase was observed in the use of tooth-colored direct restorations, particularly composites. Among indirect restorations, porcelain fused to metal, gold, and stainless steel (in pediatric applications) were the materials most frequently used. CONCLUSIONS Despite having no official policy on reducing the use of dental amalgam, the Faculty of Dentistry is following the global trend in reducing its use, with composite resin now well established as the predominant restorative material used. If the current rate of decline persists unchecked, the Faculty of Dentistry could transition to being amalgam free by 2020, although it seems likely that the characteristics and principles of use of the material (and its removal) will be taught for some time to come. This knowledge is important to planning curriculum changes needed to prepare graduates for clinical practice.
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Flannery M, Beaudry R, Prior D, Kalman J, Haykowsky M, Brosnan M, La Gerche A. P1535Global longitudinal strain does not help differentiate between athlete's heart and pathology in athletes with low LVEF. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.p1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Chow M, Costain S, Brosnan M, Murray C. Knowledge, opinions and factors influencing practices regarding sugar in oral paediatric medications: a survey of Dunedin pharmacy staff. N Z Dent J 2016; 112:33-38. [PMID: 27505999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Sugar, a known aetiological factor in dental decay, has been used in paediatric medications as a bulking agent, preservative and to improve taste. Although artificial sweeteners have largely replaced sugar, some prescribed and over-the-counter (OTC) paediatric medications and supplements containing sugar are still available in New Zealand. Little is currently known about the knowledge, opinions and practices of staff in NZ pharmacies regarding sugar-containing paediatric medications. This study was carried out to investigate these factors. METHODS After ethical approval was obtained, questionnaires were delivered to all staff members at pharmacies in the greater Dunedin area. Quantitative statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22.0 with the alpha value set at 0.05. Qualitative data were analysed using a general inductive technique. RESULTS A total of 58 questionnaires were returned giving a pharmacy response rate of 63.0%. Some 29.9% of respondents thought the inclusion of sugar in medications necessary and 77.6% agreed that sugar in paediatric medications can contribute to dental decay. Most of the 67.2% who reported that they do not give advice to customers regarding sugar in medications and oral health, felt it was not a priority. Parental request was the main factor determining provision or recommendations regarding sugar-free options (87.9%). CONCLUSION Although choice of a sugar-free medication can be limited by many factors, inter-professional collaboration and knowledge sharing on this topic would be advantageous. In addition, the provision of more formalised education, either as part of undergraduate pharmacy curricula or as part of continuing education, should be considered.
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Habes I, Rushton S, Johnston SJ, Sokunbi MO, Barawi K, Brosnan M, Daly T, Ihssen N, Linden DEJ. fMRI neurofeedback of higher visual areas and perceptual biases. Neuropsychologia 2016; 85:208-15. [PMID: 27020139 PMCID: PMC4863521 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The self-regulation of brain activation via neurofeedback training offers a method to study the relationship between brain areas and perception in a more direct manner than the conventional mapping of brain responses to different types of stimuli. The current proof-of-concept study aimed to demonstrate that healthy volunteers can self-regulate activity in the parahippocampal place area (PPA) over the fusiform face area (FFA). Both areas are involved in higher order visual processing and are activated during the imagery of scenes and faces respectively. Participants (N=9) were required to upregulate PPA relative to FFA activity, and all succeeded at the task, with imagery of scenes being the most commonly reported mental strategy. A control group (N=8) underwent the same imagery and testing procedure, albeit without neurofeedback, in a mock MR scanner to account for any non-specific training effects. The upregulation of PPA activity occurred concurrently with activation of prefrontal and parietal areas, which have been associated with ideation and mental image generation. We tested whether successful upregulation of the PPA relative to FFA had consequences on perception by assessing bistable perception of faces and houses in a binocular rivalry task (before and after the scanning sessions) and categorisation of faces and scenes presented in transparent composite images (during scanning, interleaved with the self-regulation blocks). Contrary to our expectations, upregulation of the PPA did not alter the duration of face or house perception in the rivalry task and response speed and accuracy in the categorisation task. This conclusion was supported by the results of another control experiment (N=10 healthy participants) that involved intensive exposure to category-specific stimuli and did not show any behavioural or perceptual changes. We conclude that differential self-regulation of higher visual areas can be achieved, but that perceptual biases under conditions of stimulus rivalry are relatively robust against such internal modulation of localised brain activity. This study sets the basis for future investigations of perceptual and behavioural consequences of localised self-regulation of neural activity. Healthy participants trained differential self-regulation of higher visual areas. They were instructed to up-regulate the PPA whilst keeping FFA activity down. Up-regulation of the PPA was accompanied by frontal and parietal activation. No shift in perceptual biases in scene/face perceptual rivalry tasks was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Habes
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - S Rushton
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - S J Johnston
- School of Human and Health Sciences, Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - M O Sokunbi
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK; Cognitive Neuroscience Sector, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - K Barawi
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - M Brosnan
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - T Daly
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4XN, UK
| | - N Ihssen
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - D E J Linden
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK; Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4XN, UK.
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Cullen S, Power S, Coughlan B, Chaney J, Butler M, Brosnan M. An exploration of the prevalence and patterns of care for women presenting with mid-trimester loss. Ir J Med Sci 2016; 186:381-386. [PMID: 26860116 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-016-1413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mid-trimester loss (MTL) is an area that is poorly defined in the literature and often under reported in clinical practice. The prevalence of MTL in Ireland is uncertain and has a huge impact on the woman, her family and maternity care services. AIMS To explore the prevalence and patterns of care for women with MTL in a large Maternity hospital in Ireland. METHODS A descriptive, exploratory study was used involving a retrospective chart audit. RESULTS 220 women presented with MTL over the 3 year data collection period (January 2011-December 2013), giving a rate of 0.8 % of all deliveries. The majority of women had no previous pregnancy losses and were multiparous (i.e., had a previous pregnancy >500 g). The mean gestational age was 17.69 weeks (SD = 2.73). The mean length of hospital stay was 1.89 days. Intra muscular (IM) analgesia was the most commonly (58.5 %) used medication. Follow up hospital care was received in over 78 % of cases. The majority of women were referred the CMS Bereavement and Chaplain services, with a small number (approx. 5 %) referred to the social worker. Over 46.4 % of families availed of the hospital burial service. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest the incidence of mid-trimester loss may be slightly lower than the 1 or 2 % of pregnancies reported in the literature. The incidence of mid-trimester loss in multiparous women is approximately twice that of nulliparous women. The referral services offered in the study were utilised by most of the women, as were follow-up clinic appointments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cullen
- National Maternity Hospital, Holles street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | | | - B Coughlan
- UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, College of Health Sciences, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J Chaney
- UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - M Butler
- The University of British Columbia, 2329 W Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - M Brosnan
- National Maternity Hospital, Holles street, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Dundon S, Brosnan M. Ultrasound Tips for Endovenous Thermal Ablation of Varicose Veins. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.06.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Brosnan M, Claessen G, Heidbuchel H, Prior D, La Gerche A. Right precordial T-wave inversion in healthy endurance athletes can be explained by lateral displacement of the cardiac apex. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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McInnes I, Kaplan I, Boy M, Riese R, Zuckerman A, Clark J, Kishore N, Brosnan M, Zwillich S, Bradley J. AB0160 Effects of TOFACITINIB (CP-690,550) on lipid biomarkers in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) model and in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Brosnan M, LaGerche A, Kalman J, Fallon K, MacIsaac A, Lo W, Prior D. Prevalence of Significant ECG Abnormalities in Elite Australian Athletes. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Brosnan M, Collins C, Moneley D, Kelly C, Leahy A. Making the Case for Cardiovascular Screening in Irish Males: Detection of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms, and Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2009; 37:300-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2008.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Fourteen stapedectomies were performed on ten patients with osteogenesis imperfecta tarda. Clinically, the footplates were softer and more tenuously fixed than in otosclerosis and floating footplates seemed more common. Stapes and stapes fragments from all 14 operations were examined microscopically. The histopathology of osteogenesis imperfecta was contrasted to that of otosclerosis. We believe that the greater degree of structural disorganization and greater area occupied by resorption spaces clearly distinguish the new bone formed in osteogenesis imperfecta from otosclerosis.
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