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Verra L, Zevi Della Porta G, Pucek J, Nechaeva T, Wyler S, Bergamaschi M, Senes E, Guran E, Moody JT, Kedves MÁ, Gschwendtner E, Muggli P, Agnello R, Ahdida CC, Goncalves MCA, Andrebe Y, Apsimon O, Apsimon R, Arnesano JM, Bachmann AM, Barrientos D, Batsch F, Bencini V, Blanchard P, Burrows PN, Buttenschön B, Caldwell A, Chappell J, Chevallay E, Chung M, Cooke DA, Davut C, Demeter G, Dexter AC, Doebert S, Elverson FA, Farmer J, Fasoli A, Fedosseev V, Fonseca R, Furno I, Gorn A, Granados E, Granetzny M, Graubner T, Grulke O, Hafych V, Henderson J, Hüther M, Khudiakov V, Kim SY, Kraus F, Krupa M, Lefevre T, Liang L, Liu S, Lopes N, Lotov K, Martinez Calderon M, Mazzoni S, Medina Godoy D, Moon K, Morales Guzmán PI, Moreira M, Nowak E, Pakuza C, Panuganti H, Pardons A, Pepitone K, Perera A, Pukhov A, Ramjiawan RL, Rey S, Schmitz O, Silva F, Silva L, Stollberg C, Sublet A, Swain C, Topaloudis A, Torrado N, Tuev P, Velotti F, Verzilov V, Vieira J, Weidl M, Welsch C, Wendt M, Wing M, Wolfenden J, Woolley B, Xia G, Yarygova V, Zepp M. Controlled Growth of the Self-Modulation of a Relativistic Proton Bunch in Plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:024802. [PMID: 35867433 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.024802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A long, narrow, relativistic charged particle bunch propagating in plasma is subject to the self-modulation (SM) instability. We show that SM of a proton bunch can be seeded by the wakefields driven by a preceding electron bunch. SM timing reproducibility and control are at the level of a small fraction of the modulation period. With this seeding method, we independently control the amplitude of the seed wakefields with the charge of the electron bunch and the growth rate of SM with the charge of the proton bunch. Seeding leads to larger growth of the wakefields than in the instability case.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - R Agnello
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Y Andrebe
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O Apsimon
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - R Apsimon
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | | | - A-M Bachmann
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | | | - F Batsch
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - V Bencini
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - P Blanchard
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P N Burrows
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - B Buttenschön
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Caldwell
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - M Chung
- UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | | | - C Davut
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G Demeter
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - A C Dexter
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - J Farmer
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - A Fasoli
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - R Fonseca
- ISCTE-Instituto Universitéario de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - I Furno
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Gorn
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia
| | | | - M Granetzny
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Graubner
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - O Grulke
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
- Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - V Hafych
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - J Henderson
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- Accelerator Science and Technology Centre, ASTeC, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - M Hüther
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - V Khudiakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S-Y Kim
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - F Kraus
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - M Krupa
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - L Liang
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - S Liu
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
| | - N Lopes
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - K Lotov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia
| | | | | | | | - K Moon
- UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | | | - M Moreira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - E Nowak
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - C Pakuza
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - K Pepitone
- Angstrom Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Perera
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - A Pukhov
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - R L Ramjiawan
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Rey
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - O Schmitz
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - F Silva
- INESC-ID, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Stollberg
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Sublet
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - C Swain
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | | | - N Torrado
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P Tuev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia
| | | | | | - J Vieira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Weidl
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - C Welsch
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - M Wendt
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - M Wing
- UCL, London WC1 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - J Wolfenden
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Xia
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - V Yarygova
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - M Zepp
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Batsch F, Muggli P, Agnello R, Ahdida CC, Amoedo Goncalves MC, Andrebe Y, Apsimon O, Apsimon R, Bachmann AM, Baistrukov MA, Blanchard P, Braunmüller F, Burrows PN, Buttenschön B, Caldwell A, Chappell J, Chevallay E, Chung M, Cooke DA, Damerau H, Davut C, Demeter G, Deubner HL, Doebert S, Farmer J, Fasoli A, Fedosseev VN, Fiorito R, Fonseca RA, Friebel F, Furno I, Garolfi L, Gessner S, Gorgisyan I, Gorn AA, Granados E, Granetzny M, Graubner T, Grulke O, Gschwendtner E, Hafych V, Helm A, Henderson JR, Hüther M, Kargapolov IY, Kim SY, Kraus F, Krupa M, Lefevre T, Liang L, Liu S, Lopes N, Lotov KV, Martyanov M, Mazzoni S, Medina Godoy D, Minakov VA, Moody JT, Moon K, Morales Guzmán PI, Moreira M, Nechaeva T, Nowak E, Pakuza C, Panuganti H, Pardons A, Perera A, Pucek J, Pukhov A, Ramjiawan RL, Rey S, Rieger K, Schmitz O, Senes E, Silva LO, Speroni R, Spitsyn RI, Stollberg C, Sublet A, Topaloudis A, Torrado N, Tuev PV, Turner M, Velotti F, Verra L, Verzilov VA, Vieira J, Vincke H, Welsch CP, Wendt M, Wing M, Wiwattananon P, Wolfenden J, Woolley B, Xia G, Zepp M, Zevi Della Porta G. Transition between Instability and Seeded Self-Modulation of a Relativistic Particle Bunch in Plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:164802. [PMID: 33961468 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.164802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We use a relativistic ionization front to provide various initial transverse wakefield amplitudes for the self-modulation of a long proton bunch in plasma. We show experimentally that, with sufficient initial amplitude [≥(4.1±0.4) MV/m], the phase of the modulation along the bunch is reproducible from event to event, with 3%-7% (of 2π) rms variations all along the bunch. The phase is not reproducible for lower initial amplitudes. We observe the transition between these two regimes. Phase reproducibility is essential for deterministic external injection of particles to be accelerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Batsch
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - P Muggli
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - R Agnello
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Y Andrebe
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O Apsimon
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - R Apsimon
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - A-M Bachmann
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - M A Baistrukov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - P Blanchard
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - P N Burrows
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - B Buttenschön
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Caldwell
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - J Chappell
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Chung
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - D A Cooke
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - C Davut
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - G Demeter
- Wigner Research Center for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - H L Deubner
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - J Farmer
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Fasoli
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - R Fiorito
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - R A Fonseca
- ISCTE-Instituto Universitéario de Lisboa, Portugal
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - I Furno
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - S Gessner
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | | | - A A Gorn
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - M Granetzny
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - T Graubner
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - O Grulke
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany
- Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - V Hafych
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - A Helm
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J R Henderson
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- Accelerator Science and Technology Centre, ASTeC, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, United Kingdom
| | - M Hüther
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - I Yu Kargapolov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S-Y Kim
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - F Kraus
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - L Liang
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - S Liu
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
| | - N Lopes
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - K V Lotov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M Martyanov
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - V A Minakov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - J T Moody
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - K Moon
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - M Moreira
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - T Nechaeva
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | | | - C Pakuza
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - A Perera
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - J Pucek
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - A Pukhov
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - R L Ramjiawan
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Rey
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Rieger
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
| | - O Schmitz
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - E Senes
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- John Adams Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - L O Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - R I Spitsyn
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - C Stollberg
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - N Torrado
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P V Tuev
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M Turner
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - L Verra
- Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - J Vieira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - C P Welsch
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Wing
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - J Wolfenden
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Xia
- Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Zepp
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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