1
|
Tao Y, Biau J, Sun XS, Sire C, Martin L, Alfonsi M, Prevost JB, Modesto A, Lafond C, Tourani JM, Miroir J, Kaminsky MC, Coutte A, Liem X, Chautard E, Vauleon E, Drouet F, Ruffier A, Ramee JF, Waksi G, Péchery A, Wanneveich M, Guigay J, Aupérin A, Bourhis J. Pembrolizumab versus cetuximab concurrent with radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck unfit for cisplatin (GORTEC 2015-01 PembroRad): a multicenter, randomized, phase II trial. Ann Oncol 2023; 34:101-110. [PMID: 36522816 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate potential synergistic effect of pembrolizumab with radiotherapy (RT) compared with a standard-of-care (SOC) cetuximab-RT in patients with locally advanced-squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (LA-SCCHN). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with nonoperated stage III-IV SCC of oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx and unfit for receiving high-dose cisplatin were enrolled. Patients received once-daily RT up to 69.96 Gy in 33 fractions with weekly cetuximab (cetuximab-RT arm) or 200 mg Q3W pembrolizumab during RT (pembrolizumab-RT arm). The primary endpoint was locoregional control (LRC) rate 15 months after RT. To detect a difference between arms of 60%-80% in 15-month LRC, inclusion of 66 patients per arm was required to achieve a power of at least 0.85 at two-sided significance level of 0.20. RESULTS Between May 2016 and October 2017, 133 patients were randomized to cetuximab-RT (n = 66) and pembrolizumab-RT (n = 67). Two patients (one in each arm) were not included in the analysis (a consent withdrawal and a progression before treatment start). The median age was 65 years (interquartile range 60-70 years), 92% were smokers, 60% were oropharynx (46% of oropharynx with p16+) and 75% were stage IV. Median follow-up was 25 months in both arms. The 15-month LRC rate was 59% with cetuximab-RT and 60% with pembrolizumab-RT ]odds ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43-2.59; P = 0.91]. There was no significant difference between arms for progression-free survival (hazard ratio 0.85, 95% CI 0.55-1.32; P = 0.47) and for overall survival (hazard ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0.49-1.40; P = 0.49). Toxicity was lower in the pembrolizumab-RT arm than in the cetuximab-RT arm: 74% versus 92% patients with at least one grade ≥3 adverse events (P = 0.006), mainly due to mucositis, radiodermatitis, and rash. CONCLUSION Compared with the SOC cetuximab-RT, pembrolizumab concomitant with RT did not improve the tumor control and survival but appeared less toxic in unfit patients with LA-SCCHN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Tao
- Gustave-Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - J Biau
- Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - X S Sun
- Hôpital Nord Franche-Comté, Montbéliard and CHU Besançon, Montbéliard, France
| | - C Sire
- Centre Hospitalier de Bretagne Sud, Lorient, France
| | - L Martin
- Clinique des Ormeaux, Le Havre, France
| | - M Alfonsi
- Clinique Sainte Catherine, Avignon, France
| | | | - A Modesto
- Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | - C Lafond
- Clinique Victor Hugo-Centre Jean Bernard, Le Mans, France
| | - J M Tourani
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - J Miroir
- Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - M C Kaminsky
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - A Coutte
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - X Liem
- Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
| | - E Chautard
- Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - E Vauleon
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - F Drouet
- Clinique Mutualiste de l'estuaire, Saint-Nazaire, France
| | - A Ruffier
- Gustave-Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France; Clinique Victor Hugo-Centre Jean Bernard, Le Mans, France
| | - J F Ramee
- Centre Hospitalier Départemental de Vendée, La Roche sur Yon, France
| | | | | | | | - J Guigay
- Centre Antoine Lacassagne, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - A Aupérin
- Unit of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Gustave Roussy, Oncostat 1018 INSERM, labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - J Bourhis
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Derquin F, Floquet A, Hardy-Bessard AC, Edeline J, Lotz JP, Alexandre J, Pautier P, Angeles MA, Delanoy N, Lefeuvre-Plesse C, Cancel M, Treilleux I, Augereau P, Lavoue V, Kalbacher E, Berton Rigaud D, Selle F, Nadeau C, Gantzer J, Joly F, Guillemet C, Pomel C, Favier L, Abdeddaim C, Venat-Bouvet L, Provansal M, Fabbro M, Kaminsky MC, Lortholary A, Lecuru F, Coquard IR, de La Motte Rouge T. Need for risk-adapted therapy for malignant ovarian germ cell tumors: A large multicenter analysis of germ cell tumors' patients from French TMRG network. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 158:666-672. [PMID: 32624235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.06.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors are rare tumors, affecting young women with a generally favorable prognosis. The French reference network for Rare Malignant Gynecological Tumors (TMRG) aims to improve their management. The purpose of this study is to report clinicopathological features and long-term outcomes, to explore prognostic parameters and to help in considering adjuvant strategy for stage I patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from patients with MOGCT registered among 13 of the largest centers of the TMRG network were analyzed. We report clinicopathological features, estimated 5-year event-free survival (5y-EFS) and 5-year overall survival (5y-OS) of MOGCT patients. RESULTS We collected data from 147 patients including 101 (68.7%) FIGO stage I patients. Histology identifies 40 dysgerminomas, 52 immature teratomas, 32 yolk sac tumors, 2 choriocarcinomas and 21 mixed tumors. Surgery was performed in 140 (95.2%) patients and 106 (72.1%) received first line chemotherapy. Twenty-two stage I patients did not receive chemotherapy. Relapse occurred in 24 patients: 13 were exclusively treated with upfront surgery and 11 received surgery and chemotherapy. 5y-EFS was 82% and 5y-OS was 92.4%. Stage I patients who underwent surgery alone had an estimated 5y-EFS of 54.6% and patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy 94.4% (P < .001). However, no impact on estimated 5y-OS was observed: 96.3% versus 97.8% respectively (P = .62). FIGO stage, complete primary surgery and post-operative alpha fetoprotein level significantly correlated with survival. CONCLUSION Adjuvant chemotherapy does not seem to improve survival in stage I patients. Active surveillance can be proposed for selected patients with a complete surgical staging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Derquin
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre Hospitaliser Yves Le Foll, Saint Brieuc, France
| | - A Floquet
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - J Edeline
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - J P Lotz
- Medical Oncology Department, Sorbonne University, APHP, Paris, France
| | - J Alexandre
- Medical Oncology Department, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Paris, France
| | - P Pautier
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - M A Angeles
- Surgical Oncology Department, Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | - N Delanoy
- Medical Oncology Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | - M Cancel
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bretonneau, Tours, France
| | - I Treilleux
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - P Augereau
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers, France
| | - V Lavoue
- Gynecology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
| | - E Kalbacher
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France
| | - D Berton Rigaud
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - F Selle
- Diaconnesses Hospital Group, Paris, France
| | - C Nadeau
- Gynecology Department, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - J Gantzer
- Medical Oncology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - F Joly
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - C Guillemet
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre Henri-Becquerel, Rouen, France
| | - C Pomel
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Favier
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - C Abdeddaim
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
| | - L Venat-Bouvet
- Medical Oncology Department, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - M Provansal
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - M Fabbro
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - M C Kaminsky
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine - Alexis Vautrin, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | - A Lortholary
- Medical Oncology Department, Hôpital Privé du Confluent, Nantes, France
| | - F Lecuru
- Medical Oncology Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - I Ray Coquard
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Graff P, Schipman B, Desandes E, Mecellem H, Toussaint B, Cortese S, Marchal F, Kaminsky MC, Geoffrois L, Peiffert D. Management of patients with head and neck tumours presenting at diagnosis with a synchronous second cancer at another anatomic site. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2010; 23:174-81. [PMID: 21130631 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To understand management strategies and outcomes of patients diagnosed with a head and neck tumour and a synchronous second cancer developed at another anatomic site. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of all patients diagnosed with a head and neck carcinoma and a synchronous cancer and engaged in curative-intent treatments. To evaluate therapeutic strategies, each patient's treatment process was divided into sequential therapeutic modalities and corresponding targets (head and neck and/or synchronous tumour) were identified. Patient outcome was analysed with an intent-to-treat approach. RESULTS Forty-three patients were entered into the study (mean age=57.4 years). Synchronous tumours concerned the lung (57.8%), oesophagus (31.1%) or other sites (11.1%). Treatments were complex, including one to four consecutive modalities, with a mean duration of 4.6 months. When both tumours were advanced, treatments were frequently initiated with dual-spectrum chemotherapy (66.7%). In other situations, a locoregional treatment was often (81.1%) proposed immediately. When both tumours were in early stages, this initial locoregional treatment could be extended to target both tumours together (30.0%). For patients whose tumours differed in severity, this locoregional treatment targeted only one tumour (85%); priority was given to the most advanced one (76.5%). Nine patients had definitive treatment interruption. Associated risk factors were a low body mass index (P=0.03) and advanced-stage tumours (P=0.01). Thirty-one patients died (72.1%) with a median time to death of 7.7 months. The median follow-up for survivors was 46.2 months. Three-year overall survival was 33.9%. Low body mass index (P=0.001), advanced-stage synchronous tumours (P=0.03) and oesophageal primaries (P=0.03) altered the overall survival. Three-year locoregional and metastatic progression-free survival was 40.8 and 62.5%, respectively. Low body mass index (P=0.01) and advanced-stage synchronous tumours (P=0.01) increased the risk of disease failure. CONCLUSIONS Head and neck tumours diagnosed with a synchronous cancer are a complex challenge. Despite a severe prognosis, patients who are not underweight, presenting with lower-stage tumours (especially the synchronous tumour) and without oesophageal involvement could most benefit from aggressive treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Graff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Alexis Vautrin Cancer Center, Avenue-de-Bourgogne, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Georgel T, Jankowski R, Henrot P, Baumann C, Kacha S, Grignon B, Toussaint B, Graff P, Kaminsky MC, Geoffrois L, Vignaud JM. CT assessment of woodworkers' nasal adenocarcinomas confirms the origin in the olfactory cleft. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30:1440-4. [PMID: 19541776 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endoscopic endonasal surgery let us observe that woodworkers' nasal adenocarcinomas originate in the olfactory cleft. Our aim was the identification of CT imaging features that corroborate the olfactory cleft as the site of origin for woodworkers' adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We designed a retrospective study to compare CT scans of 27 unilateral olfactory cleft adenocarcinomas with 30 cases of nasosinusal polyposis (NSP) and 33 healthy sinus controls. Enlargement of the olfactory cleft, lateralization of the ethmoidal turbinate wall, and contralateral bulging of the nasal septum were measured on coronal scans passing through crista galli and posterior half of both ocular globes. Comparisons have been performed by using analysis of variance and the Bonferroni procedure. RESULTS The nasal septum was significantly bulging across the midline in adenocarcinoma (4.6 +/- 3 mm; range, -0.1-13.7 mm) compared with NSP (0.7 +/- 1 mm; range, -2.1-2.3 mm) or healthy sinus controls (0.5 +/- 1 mm; range, -1.2-2 mm) (P < .001). The olfactory cleft was significantly wider in adenocarcinoma (15.1 +/- 4.5 mm; range, 8.6-25.7 mm) than in NSP (3.6 +/- 0.4 mm; range, 2.8-4.6 mm) or healthy sinus controls (3.3 +/- 0.7 mm; range, 1.4-4.6 mm). The ethmoidal labyrinth width was significantly smaller on the pathologic side in adenocarcinoma (7.2 +/- 2.7 mm; range, 3.2-14.2 mm) than in the control groups (P < .001). Whereas the angle between the conchal lamina and vertical midline was close to zero degrees in NSP (0.03 +/- 2.25 degrees ; range, -5 degrees -3 degrees ) and healthy sinus controls (0.45 +/- 2.13 degrees , range, -5 degrees -5 degrees ), it reached 39.76 +/- 13.83 degrees (P < .001) in adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Radiologists should suspect nasal adenocarcinoma on sinus CT scans showing a unilateral expanding opacity of the olfactory cavity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Georgel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, CHU Nancy, Nancy, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jankowski R, Georgel T, Vignaud JM, Hemmaoui B, Toussaint B, Graff P, Geoffrois L, Henrot P, Kaminsky MC. Endoscopic surgery reveals that woodworkers' adenocarcinomas originate in the olfactory cleft. Rhinology 2007; 45:308-314. [PMID: 18085026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory cleft is a narrow chamber located under the cribriform plate and between the turbinate wall of the ethmoidal labyrinth and the corresponding nasal septum. Nasal adenocarcinomas are mostly described as originating in the ethmoid sinus and operated via external approaches. We designed a prospective study on twenty consecutive woodworkers' adenocarcinomas without intracranial extension to determine the precise site of origin of the tumour. All patients were operated under endoscopic endonasal control according to a methodical surgical procedure as follows: 1) debulking of the tumour and identification of the middle turbinate or conchal lamina, 2) exenteration of the ethmoidal labyrinth according to the nasalisation procedure, and 3) exenteration of the olfactory cleft. Endoscopic endonasal surgery showed that woodworkers' adenocarcinomas constantly originated in the olfactory cleft, appearing as polyp-like neoplasms with well-defined bodies. Over a long period of time, they do not invade, but just displace and push out the surrounding structures, i.e. the nasal septum and the turbinate wall. More than the volume of the tumour, the precise location of the pedicle and especially its connection to the cribriform plate could be of major prognosis value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Jankowski
- Service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, CHU de Nancy, 54035 Nancy Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rodary C, Pezet-Langevin V, Garcia-Acosta S, Lesimple T, Lortholary A, Kaminsky MC, Bennouna J, Culine S, Bourgeois H, Fizazi K. Patient preference for either the EORTC QLQ-C30 or the FACIT Quality Of Life (QOL) measures: a study performed in patients suffering from carcinoma of an unknown primary site (CUP). Eur J Cancer 2004; 40:521-8. [PMID: 14962718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2003.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2003] [Revised: 09/18/2003] [Accepted: 11/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine and compare two core measures of Quality Of Life (QOL) used in cancer clinical trials: the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QOL Core Questionnaire 30 (EORTC QLQ-30) and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT), in order to identify which one patients have the strongest preference for using. 68 patients suffering from Carcinomas of an Unknown Primary site (CUP) were recruited in a multicentric study; all of them completed both questionnaires, administered in a randomised manner. The criteria were the percentage of preferences, and four indicators of acceptability. The results indicated that an equal proportion of patients preferred the QLQ-C30 (19%) and FACIT (19%). 54% of patients felt both questionnaires were acceptable. All the indicators of acceptability favoured the QLQ-C30. Analysis of open-ended questions shed light on the difficulties encountered by the patients. As no significant preference was observed for one of the questionnaires, the QLQ-C30 was chosen on the basis of its significantly better acceptability criteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Rodary
- Department of Public Health, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulin, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bugat R, Bataillard A, Lesimple T, Voigt JJ, Culine S, Lortholary A, Merrouche Y, Ganem G, Kaminsky MC, Negrier S, Perol M, Laforêt C, Bedossa P, Bertrand G, Coindre JM, Fizazi K. Summary of the Standards, Options and Recommendations for the management of patients with carcinoma of unknown primary site (2002). Br J Cancer 2003; 89 Suppl 1:S59-66. [PMID: 12915904 PMCID: PMC2753014 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Bugat
- Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Until the 1990s, the patient's duration of life was the main measure for determining the value of palliative chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. Quality of life recently appeared as a main end point. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the instruments used to measure quality of life in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, to review the published data and to analyse the bias and methodological problems. CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND KEY POINTS QoL is a multidimensional subjective concept, which can be measured using psychometric instruments. Quality of life measurement has a descriptive and prognostic value. Results from quality of life assessment in randomized trials have given useful information and help patients and physicians to choose between treatment options. More than half of the patients with palliative chemotherapy had at least stabilization of quality of life. Response to chemotherapy and side-effects influence quality of life. Quality of life assessment clearly requires methodological improvement. Missing data are a particularly difficult problem, which should be improved by a better organization. FUTURE PROSPECTS AND PROJECTS Psychometric properties of EORTC QLQ-CR38 et FACT-C should be checked in French language. An international consensus on methods of measurement of quality of life in oncology is warranted to enhance compliance, to better interpret quality of life results et to optimize publications of precise quality of life data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Conroy
- Département d'oncologie médicale, centre Alexis-Vautrin, UPRES EA 1124 Epidémiologie clinique, prévention et qualité de vie Ecole de santé publique, faculté de médecine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lapeyre M, Charra-Brunaud C, Kaminsky MC, Geoffrois L, Dolivet G, Toussaint B, Maire F, Pourel N, Simon M, Marchal C, Bey P. [Management of mucositis following radiotherapy for head and neck cancers]. Cancer Radiother 2001; 5 Suppl 1:121s-130s. [PMID: 11797271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Acute mucositis is common after radiotherapy for head and neck cancers. During the past 3 decades, there was a gradual evolution in the treatment modalities for locally advanced carcinomas (concomitant radio-chemotherapy, accelerated radiotherapy). These new strategies are accompanied by an increase in early mucosal reactions. At the present time, there is no widely accepted prophylaxis or effective treatment. Many traditional remedies or new agents seem ineffective (Sucralfate, Chlorhexidine, GM-CSF, Silver nitrate, Prostaglandin, anti-oxidants, Benzydamine hydrochloride), while others seem promising (Povidone-iodine, nonabsorbable antibiotic lozenges and antifungals, local GM-CSF, Glutamide, Low-energy laser, corticosteroïds). Radioprotectors are controversial and should be only used in experimental protocols and not in routine practice. However, some recommendations can be proposed: general prevention and global care before cancer therapy should be systematic (oral hygiene, dental and periodontal treatment, advice to avoid the use of tobacco and alcohol); frequent oral rinsing with a bland mouthwash (Povidone-iodine or others) should be used at the start of treatment because there are significant modifications of the oral microflora increased by a disturbed salivary flow; these mouthwashes could be associated with nonabsorbable antibiotic lozenges or antifungal topicals (bicarbonates, Amphotéricine B); Systematic percutaneous fluoroscopic gastrostomy should be decided before any aggressive treatments (concomitant radio-chemotherapy, accelerated radiotherapy); pain should be controlled; finally, the radiation technique should be optimized (mucosal-sparing block, conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lapeyre
- Département de radiothérapie, centre Alexis-Vautrin, avenue de Bourgogne, 54511 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite improvements in surgical techniques and perioperative mortality, only slight improvements in the 5-year survival of patients with esophageal cancer have been observed in the last 20 years. Many patients with apparently localized cancer will have recurrences or metastatic disease despite surgery with curative resection. Consequently, multimodal therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, were introduced. This review outlines and critically analyzes current non-surgical treatments, including palliative care. CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND KEY POINTS Esophageal cancers appear to be chemosensitive but the median duration of response is short and toxicity consistent, especially in metastatic disease. Consequently, palliative chemotherapy should be offered preferably within a clinical trial. Chemotherapy as the only adjuvant treatment cannot be recommended outside clinical trials. Radiotherapy alone as a curative treatment has been proven to be inferior to chemoradiotherapy in inoperable tumors. Some data support the use of preoperative chemoradiotherapy, but randomized trials are conflicting. A pathological complete response has been identified as a favorable prognostic factor for survival. Self-expanding esophageal metal stents are a simple and effective palliative treatment of malignant dysphagia and can be considered as the reference treatment in patients with obstruction of the lower esophagus or with fistula. FUTURE PROSPECTS AND PROJECTS Taxanes should be evaluated in randomized studies using chemotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy. Progress in radiotherapy, such as accelerated fractionation, greater radiation dose, and the addition of brachytherapy, will increase locoregional control and probably survival. The role of secondary surgery in patients responding to chemoradiotherapy still needs to be answered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Conroy
- Département d'oncologie médicale, centre Alexis-Vautrin, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|