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Ha S, Matej S, Ispiryan M, Mueller K. GPU-Accelerated Forward and Back-Projections with Spatially Varying Kernels for 3D DIRECT TOF PET Reconstruction. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 2013; 60:166-173. [PMID: 23531763 PMCID: PMC3605883 DOI: 10.1109/tns.2012.2233754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe a GPU-accelerated framework that efficiently models spatially (shift) variant system response kernels and performs forward- and back-projection operations with these kernels for the DIRECT (Direct Image Reconstruction for TOF) iterative reconstruction approach. Inherent challenges arise from the poor memory cache performance at non-axis aligned TOF directions. Focusing on the GPU memory access patterns, we utilize different kinds of GPU memory according to these patterns in order to maximize the memory cache performance. We also exploit the GPU instruction-level parallelism to efficiently hide long latencies from the memory operations. Our experiments indicate that our GPU implementation of the projection operators has slightly faster or approximately comparable time performance than FFT-based approaches using state-of-the-art FFTW routines. However, most importantly, our GPU framework can also efficiently handle any generic system response kernels, such as spatially symmetric and shift-variant as well as spatially asymmetric and shift-variant, both of which an FFT-based approach cannot cope with.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ha
- Center for Visual Computing, Computer Science Department, Stony Brook University, NY 11794 USA
| | - S. Matej
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - M. Ispiryan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. Mueller
- Center for Visual Computing, Computer Science Department, Stony Brook University, NY 11794 USA
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Baillie N, Tkachenko S, Zhang J, Bosted P, Bültmann S, Christy ME, Fenker H, Griffioen KA, Keppel CE, Kuhn SE, Melnitchouk W, Tvaskis V, Adhikari KP, Adikaram D, Aghasyan M, Amaryan MJ, Anghinolfi M, Arrington J, Avakian H, Baghdasaryan H, Battaglieri M, Biselli AS, Branford D, Briscoe WJ, Brooks WK, Burkert VD, Carman DS, Celentano A, Chandavar S, Charles G, Cole PL, Contalbrigo M, Crede V, D'Angelo A, Daniel A, Dashyan N, De Vita R, De Sanctis E, Deur A, Dey B, Djalali C, Dodge G, Domingo J, Doughty D, Dupre R, Dutta D, Ent R, Egiyan H, El Alaoui A, El Fassi L, Elouadrhiri L, Eugenio P, Fedotov G, Fegan S, Fradi A, Gabrielyan MY, Gevorgyan N, Gilfoyle GP, Giovanetti KL, Girod FX, Gohn W, Golovatch E, Gothe RW, Graham L, Guegan B, Guidal M, Guler N, Guo L, Hafidi K, Heddle D, Hicks K, Holtrop M, Hungerford E, Hyde CE, Ilieva Y, Ireland DG, Ispiryan M, Isupov EL, Jawalkar SS, Jo HS, Kalantarians N, Khandaker M, Khetarpal P, Kim A, Kim W, King PM, Klein A, Klein FJ, Klimenko A, Kubarovsky V, Kuleshov SV, Kvaltine ND, Livingston K, Lu HY, MacGregor IJD, Mao Y, Markov N, McKinnon B, Mineeva T, Morrison B, Moutarde H, Munevar E, Nadel-Turonski P, Ni A, Niccolai S, Niculescu I, Niculescu G, Osipenko M, Ostrovidov AI, Pappalardo L, Park K, Park S, Pasyuk E, Anefalos Pereira S, Pisano S, Pozdniakov S, Price JW, Procureur S, Prok Y, Protopopescu D, Raue BA, Ricco G, Rimal D, Ripani M, Rosner G, Rossi P, Sabatié F, Saini MS, Salgado C, Schott D, Schumacher RA, Seder E, Sharabian YG, Sober DI, Sokhan D, Stepanyan S, Stepanyan SS, Stoler P, Strauch S, Taiuti M, Tang W, Ungaro M, Vineyard MF, Voutier E, Watts DP, Weinstein LB, Weygand DP, Wood MH, Zana L, Zhao B. Measurement of the neutron F2 structure function via spectator tagging with CLAS. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:142001. [PMID: 22540786 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.142001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first measurement of the F(2) structure function of the neutron from the semi-inclusive scattering of electrons from deuterium, with low-momentum protons detected in the backward hemisphere. Restricting the momentum of the spectator protons to ≲100 MeV/c and their angles to ≳100° relative to the momentum transfer allows an interpretation of the process in terms of scattering from nearly on-shell neutrons. The F(2)(n) data collected cover the nucleon-resonance and deep-inelastic regions over a wide range of Bjorken x for 0.65<Q(2)<4.52 GeV(2), with uncertainties from nuclear corrections estimated to be less than a few percent. These measurements provide the first determination of the neutron to proton structure function ratio F(2)(n)/F(2)(p) at 0.2≲x≲0.8 with little uncertainty due to nuclear effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Baillie
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
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Abt I, Adams M, Agari M, Albrecht H, Aleksandrov A, Amaral V, Amorim A, Aplin SJ, Aushev V, Bagaturia Y, Balagura V, Bargiotti M, Barsukova O, Bastos J, Batista J, Bauer C, Bauer TS, Belkov A, Belkov A, Belotelov I, Bertin A, Bobchenko B, Böcker M, Bogatyrev A, Bohm G, Bräuer M, Bruinsma M, Bruschi M, Buchholz P, Buran T, Carvalho J, Conde P, Cruse C, Dam M, Danielsen KM, Danilov M, Castro SD, Deppe H, Dong X, Dreis HB, Egorytchev V, Ehret K, Eisele F, Emeliyanov D, Essenov S, Fabbri L, Faccioli P, Feuerstack-Raible M, Flammer J, Fominykh B, Funcke M, Garrido L, Giacobbe B, Gläss J, Goloubkov D, Golubkov Y, Golutvin A, Golutvin I, Gorbounov I, Gorisek A, Gouchtchine O, Goulart DC, Gradl S, Gradl W, Grimaldi F, Groth-Jensen J, Guilitsky Y, Hansen JD, Hernández JM, Hofmann W, Hott T, Hulsbergen W, Husemann U, Igonkina O, Ispiryan M, Jagla T, Jiang C, Kapitza H, Karabekyan S, Karpenko N, Keller S, Kessler J, Khasanov F, Kiryushin Y, Klinkby E, Knöpfle KT, Kolanoski H, Korpar S, Krauss C, Kreuzer P, Krizan P, Krücker D, Kupper S, Kvaratskheliia T, Lanyov A, Lau K, Lewendel B, Lohse T, Lomonosov B, Männer R, Masciocchi S, Massa I, Matchikhilian I, Medin G, Medinnis M, Mevius M, Michetti A, Mikhailov Y, Mizuk R, Muresan R, Zur Nedden M, Negodaev M, Nörenberg M, Nowak S, Núñez Pardo de Vera MT, Ouchrif M, Ould-Saada F, Padilla C, Peralta D, Pernack R, Pestotnik R, Piccinini M, Pleier MA, Poli M, Popov V, Pose A, Pose D, Prystupa S, Pugatch V, Pylypchenko Y, Pyrlik J, Reeves K, Ressing D, Rick H, Riu I, Robmann P, Rostovtseva I, Rybnikov V, Sánchez F, Sbrizzi A, Schmelling M, Schmidt B, Schreiner A, Schröder H, Schwartz AJ, Schwarz AS, Schwenninger B, Schwingenheuer B, Sciacca F, Semprini-Cesari N, Shuvalov S, Silva L, Smirnov K, Sözüer L, Solunin S, Somov A, Somov S, Spengler J, Spighi R, Spiridonov A, Stanovnik A, Staric M, Stegmann C, Subramania HS, Symalla M, Tikhomirov I, Titov M, Tsakov I, Uwer U, van Eldik C, Vassiliev Y, Villa M, Vitale A, Vukotic I, Wahlberg H, Walenta AH, Walter M, Wang JJ, Wegener D, Werthenbach U, Wolters H, Wurth R, Wurz A, Zaitsev Y, Zavertyaev M, Zech G, Zeuner T, Zhelezov A, Zheng Z, Zimmermann R, Zivko T, Zoccoli A. Limits for the central production of Theta+ and Xi(--)pentaquarks in 920-GeV pA collisions. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:212003. [PMID: 15600999 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.212003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have searched for Theta+(1540) and Xi(--)(1862) pentaquark candidates in proton-induced reactions on C, Ti, and W targets at midrapidity and square root of s = 41.6 GeV. In 2 x 10(8) inelastic events we find no evidence for narrow (sigma approximately 5 MeV) signals in the Theta+ --> pK0(S) and Xi(--) --> Xi- pi- channels; our 95% C.L. upper limits (UL) for the inclusive production cross section times branching fraction B dsigma/dy/(y approximately 0) are (4-16) mub/N for a Theta+ mass between 1521 and 1555 MeV, and 2.5 mub/N for the Xi(--). The UL of the yield ratio of Theta+/Lambda(1520) < (3-12)% is significantly lower than model predictions. Our UL of B Xi(--)/Xi(1530)0 < 4% is at variance with the results that have provided the first evidence for the Xi(--).
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Affiliation(s)
- I Abt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Werner-Heisenberg-Institut, D-80805 Munich, Germany
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