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Pennycuff JE, Ruiz D, Mullins A, Supernaw JD, Pulipaka J, Andersen CR, Lozada MJ, Konda P, Simon M. I Read, Therefore I Am: Examining Nonmedical Reading and Its Relationship to Empathy in Anesthesia Training. J Educ Perioper Med 2023; 25:E709. [PMID: 37720366 PMCID: PMC10502606 DOI: 10.46374/volxxv_issue3_pennycuff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Background High levels of empathy among resident physicians are associated with improved patient outcomes. Empathy may be learned and practiced when reading nonmedical writing through narrative transportation, a process by which readers identify with characters and become emotionally involved in the plot. We hypothesized that residents and fellows who reported more nonmedical reading would have higher empathy levels and that empathy would decrease during training. Methods An emailed survey was sent to program directors of Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education-accredited anesthesiology residency and fellowship programs, with a request to distribute the survey to trainees. The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire, reading volume, and demographics were included in the survey. Response data were analyzed using a multiple variable regression model. Results Of 136 responses, 119 were included for data analysis. Seventeen partially completed surveys were excluded. Higher empathy scores were reported among women (P < .0001) and residents who worked 60 to 80 hours per week (P = .039). Age, postgraduate year of training, relationship status, time spent with family, and avid reading were not significantly associated with increased empathy. Conclusion In this study, we examined whether nonmedical fiction reading would increase empathy in medical trainees. Our study was not able to find any significant association with time spent reading and increased empathy; however, we found that trainees who worked more hours, specifically 60 to 80 hours, had higher empathy scores. Limitations for this study included a smaller sample size. Further research should be done in this field to determine if there are other intangible factors that affect empathy in trainees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E. Pennycuff
- Jenny E. Pennycuff is an Anesthesiologist in the Department of Anesthesiology at Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Houston, TX. Daniel Ruiz is a Pediatric Anesthesiologist at Mission Regional Medical Center in Mission, TX. Allison Mullins and Michelle Simon are Obstetric Anesthesiologists, Prameela Konda is an Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, and Jayalakshmi Pulipaka is a Medical Student in the Department of Anesthesiology at The University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston in Galveston, TX. Jesse D. Supernaw is an Anesthesiology Resident in the Department of Anesthesiology at Baylor Scott & White in Temple, TX. Clark R. Andersen is a Research Biostatistician in the Department of Biostatistics & Data Science at The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX. M. James Lozada is an Obstetric Anesthesiologist in Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel Ruiz
- Jenny E. Pennycuff is an Anesthesiologist in the Department of Anesthesiology at Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Houston, TX. Daniel Ruiz is a Pediatric Anesthesiologist at Mission Regional Medical Center in Mission, TX. Allison Mullins and Michelle Simon are Obstetric Anesthesiologists, Prameela Konda is an Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, and Jayalakshmi Pulipaka is a Medical Student in the Department of Anesthesiology at The University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston in Galveston, TX. Jesse D. Supernaw is an Anesthesiology Resident in the Department of Anesthesiology at Baylor Scott & White in Temple, TX. Clark R. Andersen is a Research Biostatistician in the Department of Biostatistics & Data Science at The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX. M. James Lozada is an Obstetric Anesthesiologist in Houston, Texas
| | - Allison Mullins
- Jenny E. Pennycuff is an Anesthesiologist in the Department of Anesthesiology at Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Houston, TX. Daniel Ruiz is a Pediatric Anesthesiologist at Mission Regional Medical Center in Mission, TX. Allison Mullins and Michelle Simon are Obstetric Anesthesiologists, Prameela Konda is an Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, and Jayalakshmi Pulipaka is a Medical Student in the Department of Anesthesiology at The University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston in Galveston, TX. Jesse D. Supernaw is an Anesthesiology Resident in the Department of Anesthesiology at Baylor Scott & White in Temple, TX. Clark R. Andersen is a Research Biostatistician in the Department of Biostatistics & Data Science at The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX. M. James Lozada is an Obstetric Anesthesiologist in Houston, Texas
| | - Jesse D. Supernaw
- Jenny E. Pennycuff is an Anesthesiologist in the Department of Anesthesiology at Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Houston, TX. Daniel Ruiz is a Pediatric Anesthesiologist at Mission Regional Medical Center in Mission, TX. Allison Mullins and Michelle Simon are Obstetric Anesthesiologists, Prameela Konda is an Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, and Jayalakshmi Pulipaka is a Medical Student in the Department of Anesthesiology at The University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston in Galveston, TX. Jesse D. Supernaw is an Anesthesiology Resident in the Department of Anesthesiology at Baylor Scott & White in Temple, TX. Clark R. Andersen is a Research Biostatistician in the Department of Biostatistics & Data Science at The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX. M. James Lozada is an Obstetric Anesthesiologist in Houston, Texas
| | - Jayalakshmi Pulipaka
- Jenny E. Pennycuff is an Anesthesiologist in the Department of Anesthesiology at Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Houston, TX. Daniel Ruiz is a Pediatric Anesthesiologist at Mission Regional Medical Center in Mission, TX. Allison Mullins and Michelle Simon are Obstetric Anesthesiologists, Prameela Konda is an Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, and Jayalakshmi Pulipaka is a Medical Student in the Department of Anesthesiology at The University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston in Galveston, TX. Jesse D. Supernaw is an Anesthesiology Resident in the Department of Anesthesiology at Baylor Scott & White in Temple, TX. Clark R. Andersen is a Research Biostatistician in the Department of Biostatistics & Data Science at The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX. M. James Lozada is an Obstetric Anesthesiologist in Houston, Texas
| | - Clark R. Andersen
- Jenny E. Pennycuff is an Anesthesiologist in the Department of Anesthesiology at Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Houston, TX. Daniel Ruiz is a Pediatric Anesthesiologist at Mission Regional Medical Center in Mission, TX. Allison Mullins and Michelle Simon are Obstetric Anesthesiologists, Prameela Konda is an Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, and Jayalakshmi Pulipaka is a Medical Student in the Department of Anesthesiology at The University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston in Galveston, TX. Jesse D. Supernaw is an Anesthesiology Resident in the Department of Anesthesiology at Baylor Scott & White in Temple, TX. Clark R. Andersen is a Research Biostatistician in the Department of Biostatistics & Data Science at The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX. M. James Lozada is an Obstetric Anesthesiologist in Houston, Texas
| | - M. James Lozada
- Jenny E. Pennycuff is an Anesthesiologist in the Department of Anesthesiology at Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Houston, TX. Daniel Ruiz is a Pediatric Anesthesiologist at Mission Regional Medical Center in Mission, TX. Allison Mullins and Michelle Simon are Obstetric Anesthesiologists, Prameela Konda is an Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, and Jayalakshmi Pulipaka is a Medical Student in the Department of Anesthesiology at The University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston in Galveston, TX. Jesse D. Supernaw is an Anesthesiology Resident in the Department of Anesthesiology at Baylor Scott & White in Temple, TX. Clark R. Andersen is a Research Biostatistician in the Department of Biostatistics & Data Science at The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX. M. James Lozada is an Obstetric Anesthesiologist in Houston, Texas
| | - Prameela Konda
- Jenny E. Pennycuff is an Anesthesiologist in the Department of Anesthesiology at Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Houston, TX. Daniel Ruiz is a Pediatric Anesthesiologist at Mission Regional Medical Center in Mission, TX. Allison Mullins and Michelle Simon are Obstetric Anesthesiologists, Prameela Konda is an Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, and Jayalakshmi Pulipaka is a Medical Student in the Department of Anesthesiology at The University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston in Galveston, TX. Jesse D. Supernaw is an Anesthesiology Resident in the Department of Anesthesiology at Baylor Scott & White in Temple, TX. Clark R. Andersen is a Research Biostatistician in the Department of Biostatistics & Data Science at The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX. M. James Lozada is an Obstetric Anesthesiologist in Houston, Texas
| | - Michelle Simon
- Jenny E. Pennycuff is an Anesthesiologist in the Department of Anesthesiology at Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Houston, TX. Daniel Ruiz is a Pediatric Anesthesiologist at Mission Regional Medical Center in Mission, TX. Allison Mullins and Michelle Simon are Obstetric Anesthesiologists, Prameela Konda is an Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, and Jayalakshmi Pulipaka is a Medical Student in the Department of Anesthesiology at The University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston in Galveston, TX. Jesse D. Supernaw is an Anesthesiology Resident in the Department of Anesthesiology at Baylor Scott & White in Temple, TX. Clark R. Andersen is a Research Biostatistician in the Department of Biostatistics & Data Science at The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX. M. James Lozada is an Obstetric Anesthesiologist in Houston, Texas
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2
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Abstract
Maternal mortality has increased in the last decades in the United States as a result of increased prevalence of coexisting medical diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and both acquired and congenital heart diseases. Obstetricians and maternal-fetal medicine physicians should have the basic medical knowledge to initiate appropriate diagnostic and early therapeutic interventions since they may be the only provider available at the time of presentation. The goal of this article is not to extensively discuss the management of complex medical diseases during pregnancy, rather we provide a concise review of key early medical interventions that will likely result in improved clinical outcomes. KEY POINTS: · Obstetricians and maternal-fetal medicine physicians must be familiar with initial basic management of common medical emergencies.. · Management of these complex cases is ideally multidisciplinary.. · Residency/fellowship programs should include common disease management to improve maternal outcomes..
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis D Pacheco
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Division of Surgical Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - M J Lozada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - George R Saade
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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3
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Romman AN, Hsu CM, Chou LN, Kuo YF, Przkora R, Gupta RK, Lozada MJ. Opioid Prescribing to Medicare Part D Enrollees, 2013-2017: Shifting Responsibility to Pain Management Providers. Pain Med 2021; 21:1400-1407. [PMID: 31904839 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnz344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine opioid prescribing frequency and trends to Medicare Part D enrollees from 2013 to 2017 by medical specialty and provider type. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional, specialty- and provider-level analysis of Medicare Part D prescriber data for opioid claims from 2013 to 2017. We analyzed opioid claims and prescribing trends for specialties accounting for ≥1% of all opioid claims. RESULTS From 2013 to 2017, pain management providers increased Medicare Part D opioid claims by 27.3% to 1,140 mean claims per provider in 2017; physical medicine and rehabilitation providers increased opioid claims 16.9% to 511 mean claims per provider in 2017. Every other medical specialty decreased opioid claims over this period, with emergency medicine (-19.9%) and orthopedic surgery (-16.0%) dropping opioid claims more than any specialty. Physicians overall decreased opioid claims per provider by -5.2%. Meanwhile, opioid claims among both dentists (+5.6%) and nonphysician providers (+10.2%) increased during this period. CONCLUSIONS From 2013 to 2017, pain management and PMR increased opioid claims to Medicare Part D enrollees, whereas physicians in every other specialty decreased opioid prescribing. Dentists and nonphysician providers also increased opioid prescribing. Overall, opioid claims to Medicare Part D enrollees decreased and continue to drop at faster rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam N Romman
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Connie M Hsu
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lin-Na Chou
- Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Yong-Fang Kuo
- Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Rene Przkora
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rajnish K Gupta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M James Lozada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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4
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Ende HB, Dwan RL, Freundlich RE, Dumas S, Sorabella LL, Raymond BL, Lozada MJ, Shotwell MS, Wanderer JP, Bauchat JR. Quantifying the incidence of clinically significant respiratory depression in women with and without obesity class III receiving neuraxial morphine for post-cesarean analgesia: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Obstet Anesth 2021; 47:103187. [PMID: 34053816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2021.103187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a suspected risk factor for respiratory depression following neuraxial morphine for post-cesarean analgesia, however monitoring guidelines for obese obstetric patients are based on small, limited studies. We tested the hypothesis that clinically significant respiratory depression following neuraxial morphine occurs more commonly in women with body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg/m2 compared with BMI <40 kg/m2. METHODS We conducted a single-center, retrospective chart review (2006-2017) of obstetric patients with clinically significant respiratory depression following neuraxial morphine, defined as: (1) opioid antagonist administration; (2) rapid response team activation (initiated in April 2010); or (3) tracheal intubation due to a respiratory event. The incidence of respiratory depression was compared between women with BMI ≥40 kg/m2 and BMI <40 kg/m2. RESULTS In total, 11 327 women received neuraxial morphine (n=1945 BMI ≥40 kg/m2; n=9382 BMI <40 kg/m2). Women with BMI ≥40 kg/m2 had higher rates of sleep apnea, hypertensive disorders, and magnesium administration. Sixteen cases of clinically significant respiratory depression occurred within seven days postpartum. The incidence did not significantly differ between groups (odds ratio 2.2, 95% CI 0.6 to 6.9, P=0.174). Neuraxial morphine was not deemed causative in any case, however women with BMI ≥40 kg/m2 had higher rates of tracheal intubation unrelated to neuraxial morphine (2/1945 vs. 0/9382, P=0.029). CONCLUSIONS Respiratory depression in this population is rare. A larger sample (∼75 000) is required to determine whether the incidence is higher with BMI ≥40 kg/m2. Tracheal intubation was higher among the BMI ≥40 kg/m2 cohort, likely due to more comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Ende
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - R L Dwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - R E Freundlich
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - S Dumas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - L L Sorabella
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - B L Raymond
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M J Lozada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M S Shotwell
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J P Wanderer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J R Bauchat
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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5
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Gyselaers W, Lozada MJ, Pacheco LD, Tayebi S, Malbrain MLNG. Intra-abdominal pressure as an ignored parameter in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2020; 99:963-965. [PMID: 32683680 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Gyselaers
- Department of Physiology, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - M James Lozada
- Division of Obstetric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Luis D Pacheco
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.,Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Salar Tayebi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manu L N G Malbrain
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Brussels, Jette, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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6
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Lozada MJ, Goyal V, Osmundson SS, Pacheco LD, Malbrain MLNG. It's high time for intra-abdominal hypertension guidelines in pregnancy after more than 100 years of measuring pressures. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2019; 98:1486-1488. [PMID: 31368113 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M James Lozada
- Division of Obstetric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Varun Goyal
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sarah S Osmundson
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Luis D Pacheco
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Manu L N G Malbrain
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Brussels (UZB), Jette, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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Lozada MJ, Weiniger CF, Carvalho B, Bauchat JR. Pain relief during labour. Lancet 2019; 394:e12. [PMID: 31262493 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M James Lozada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Carolyn F Weiniger
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care & Pain, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Brendan Carvalho
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeanette R Bauchat
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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8
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Lozada MJ, Goyal V, Levin D, Walden RL, Osmundson SS, Pacheco LD, Malbrain MLNG. Management of peripartum intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2019; 98:1386-1397. [PMID: 31070780 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Normal pregnancy leads to a state of chronically increased intra-abdominal pressure. Obstetric and non-obstetric conditions may increase intra-abdominal pressure further, causing intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome, which leads to maternal organ dysfunction and a compromised fetal state. Limited medical literature exists to guide treatment of pregnant women with these conditions. In this state-of-the-art review, we propose a diagnostic and treatment algorithm for the management of peripartum intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome, informed by newly available studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M James Lozada
- Division of Obstetric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Varun Goyal
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Danielle Levin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Sarah S Osmundson
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Luis D Pacheco
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Manu L N G Malbrain
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Brussels, Jette, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Chu B, Lozada MJ, McCrory EH, Toledo P, Antalek M, Morely D, Lange EMS. Comparison of Twitter Use of the American Society of Anesthesiologists and the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists. A A Pract 2019; 13:240-244. [DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- M James Lozada
- Division of Obstetric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Justin Nix
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B George
- Department of Women's & Obstetric Anesthesia, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, 5850/5980 University Avenue, P.O. Box 9700, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada.
| | - M James Lozada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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