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Lohynská R, Pechačová Z, Mazaná E, Čejková J, Nováková-Jirešová A, Hornová J, Langová M. Radiotherapy and radiosensitivity syndromes in DNA repair gene mutations. Klin Onkol 2022; 35:119-127. [PMID: 35459336 DOI: 10.48095/ccko2022119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionizing radiation DNA damage is the main mechanism of radiotherapy (RT) action and the outcome of treatment and healthy tissue toxicity is influenced by a number of external and internal factors, including mutations in DNA damage recognition and repair. Disorders of DNA repair may result in increased sensitivity to cancer treatment. PURPOSE The mechanism of DNA repair and an overview of genetic syndromes with mutations in genes involved in DNA repair clarify the accelerated carcinogenesis and increased radiosensitivity in RT cancers. Most radiosensitivity syndromes are autosomal recessively inherited; examples are ataxia teleangiectasia, Nijmegen breakage syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome, Bloom syndrome and Werner syndrome. CONCLUSION Radiotherapy is contraindicated in most homozygous patients with recessive radiosensitivity syndromes. Asymptomatic heterozygotes may have an increased risk of tumor incidence and a small part of them slightly increased risk of RT intolerance; however, this does not limit RT treatment. The high risk of secondary malignancies after radiotherapy is a contraindication to adjuvant RT in Li-Fraumeni syndrome.
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Stehlíková K, Skálová D, Zídková J, Haberlová J, Voháňka S, Mazanec R, Mrázová L, Vondráček P, Ošlejšková H, Zámečník J, Honzík T, Zeman J, Magner M, Šišková D, Langová M, Gregor V, Godava M, Smolka V, Fajkusová L. Muscular dystrophies and myopathies: the spectrum of mutated genes in the Czech Republic. Clin Genet 2016; 91:463-469. [PMID: 27447704 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inherited neuromuscular disorder (NMD) is a wide term covering different genetic disorders affecting muscles, nerves, and neuromuscular junctions. Genetic and clinical heterogeneity is the main drawback in a routine gene-by-gene diagnostics. We present Czech NMD patients with a genetic cause identified using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the spectrum of these causes. Overall 167 unrelated patients presenting NMD falling into categories of muscular dystrophies, congenital muscular dystrophies, congenital myopathies, distal myopathies, and other myopathies were tested by targeted NGS of 42 known NMD-related genes. Pathogenic or probably pathogenic sequence changes were identified in 79 patients (47.3%). In total, 37 novel and 51 known disease-causing variants were detected in 23 genes. In addition, variants of uncertain significance were suspected in 7 cases (4.2%), and in 81 cases (48.5%) sequence changes associated with NMD were not found. Our results strongly indicate that for molecular diagnostics of heterogeneous disorders such as NMDs, targeted panel testing has a high-clinical yield and should therefore be the preferred first-tier approach. Further, we show that in the genetic diagnostic practice of NMDs, it is necessary to take into account different types of inheritance including the occurrence of an autosomal recessive disorder in two generations of one family.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Stehlíková
- Centre of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, University Hospital Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - D Skálová
- Centre of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, University Hospital Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Zídková
- Centre of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, University Hospital Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Haberlová
- Department of Child Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S Voháňka
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - R Mazanec
- Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Mrázová
- Department of Child Neurology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Vondráček
- Department of Child Neurology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - H Ošlejšková
- Department of Child Neurology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Zámečník
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Honzík
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Zeman
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Magner
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Šišková
- Child Neurology, Thomayer's Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Langová
- Department of Medical Genetics, Thomayer's Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Gregor
- Department of Medical Genetics, Thomayer's Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Godava
- Centre of Fetal Medicine and Genetics, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - V Smolka
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - L Fajkusová
- Centre of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, University Hospital Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, NCBR, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Záhoráková D, Langová M, Brožová K, Laštůvková J, Kalina Z, Rennerová L, Martásek P. Novel CDKL5 Mutations in Czech Patients with Phenotypes of Atypical Rett Syndrome and Early-Onset Epileptic Encephalopathy. Folia Biol (Praha) 2016; 62:67-74. [PMID: 27187038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The X-linked CDKL5 gene, which encodes cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 protein, has been implicated in early-onset encephalopathy and atypical Rett syndrome with early-onset seizures. The CDKL5 protein is a kinase required for neuronal development and morphogenesis, but its precise functions are still largely unexplored. Individuals with CDKL5 mutations present with severe global developmental delay, intractable epilepsy, and Rett-like features. A clear genotype-phenotype correlation has not been established due to an insufficient number of reported cases. The aim of this study was to analyse the CDKL5 gene in Czech patients with early-onset seizures and Rett-like features. We performed mutation screening in a cohort of 83 individuals using high-resolution melting analysis, DNA sequencing and multiplex ligation- dependent probe amplification. Molecular analyses revealed heterozygous pathogenic mutations in three girls with severe intellectual disability and intractable epilepsy starting at the age of two months. All three identified mutations, c.637G>A, c.902_977+29del105, and c.1757_1758delCT, are novel, thus significantly extending the growing spectrum of known pathogenic CDKL5 sequence variants. Our results support the importance of genetic testing of the CDKL5 gene in patients with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy and Rett-like features with early-onset seizures. This is the first study referring to molecular defects of CDKL5 in Czech cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Záhoráková
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Langová
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Thomayer Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Brožová
- Department of Child Neurology, Thomayer Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Laštůvková
- Department of Medical Genetics, KZ, a. s. - Masaryk Hospital in Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Z Kalina
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital in Brno, Czech Republic
| | - L Rennerová
- Department of Neonatology, KZ, a. s. - Masaryk Hospital in Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - P Martásek
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
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Bárta I, Smerák P, Polívková Z, Sestáková H, Langová M, Turek B, Bártová J. Current trends and perspectives in nutrition and cancer prevention. Neoplasma 2006; 53:19-25. [PMID: 16416008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing evidence that dietary phytochemicals may play important roles as chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents in prevention of many diseases, including tumors. The purpose of this study was to examine antimutagenic effects and effect on the immune response of representative series of substances which commonly occur in human diet. Using the Ames bacterial mutagenicity test and in vivo chemiluminescence test, we investigated antigenotoxic and immunomodulatory effects of juices and vegetable homogenates (carrot + cauliflower, cauliflower, red cabbage, broccoli, onion, garlic) on the genotoxicity of AFB1 and pyrolysates of aminoacids. Using the Ames test and in vivo micronucleus, the chemiluminescence test, the blastic transformation test and the comet assay we examined antimutagenic effects of chemically identified chemoprotective substances in the pure form (resveratrol, diallylsulphide, phenethyl isothiocyanate, ellagic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein and curcumin) on mutagenicity induced by three reference mutagens: aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), 2-amino-3-metylimidazo[4,5,-f] chinolin (IQ) and N-nitroso- N-metylurea (MNU) and effect of phytochemicals on the immunosuppression caused by these mutagens. All complete vegetable homogenates and substances of plant origin tested, showed a clear antimutagenic and immunomodulatory activities on mutagenicity and immunosuppression induced by reference mutagens. Only in the Ames test the effect of some phytochemicals against direct mutagen MNU was lower compared to indirect mutagens AFB1 and IQ. Similarly, resveratrol and epigallocatechin gallate had no inhibitory effect on mutagenicity MNU in the Ames test.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bárta
- Center of Biomedical Sciences, Division of General Biology and Genetics, Charles University, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Vancura V, Hubácek J, Málek I, Gebauerová M, Pitha J, Dorazilová Z, Langová M, Zelízko M, Poledne R. Does angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphism influence the clinical manifestation and progression of heart failure in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy? Am J Cardiol 1999; 83:461-2, A10. [PMID: 10072245 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphism on the development of end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy, the ACE gene polymorphism of 90 patients after heart transplantation because of this disease was compared with the population sample. No difference in gene frequencies was found, but when compared with the population sample there were fewer ID heterozygotes detected; no significant influence of ACE polymorphism on the course of the disease before transplantation was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vancura
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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