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Pugin B, Deneyer L, Bachert C, Alobid I, Bousquet J, De Carlo G, Fokkens WJ, Gane S, Hopkins C, Holzmeister C, Langdon C, Lourijsen ES, Lund VJ, Marien G, Mavris M, Mullol J, Pereira-Perez C, Tomazic PV, Vanderveken O, Hellings PW, Seys SF. Patient Advisory Board for Chronic Rhinosinusitis - A EUFOREA initiative. Rhinology 2019; 57:331-335. [PMID: 30963145 DOI: 10.4193/rhin19.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and its impact on patients' quality of life, no European patient organization that advocates for patients with CRS currently exists. To fill this gap and give a voice to CRS patients, EUFOREA has created a patient advisory board, whose goal is to better understand the real-life needs of patients, to raise awareness at political level and to involve patients in the development of novel integrated solutions to accelerate access to accurate diagnosis and treatments. This report summarizes the key discussion points from the kick-off meeting of the board on the 8th June 2018 and provides an outline of the key objectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pugin
- European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airway diseases (EUFOREA), Brussels, Belgium; Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Deneyer
- European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airway diseases (EUFOREA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Bachert
- The Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Division of ENT Diseases, Clintec, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Alobid
- IDIBAPS, Hospital ClÃ-nic, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Bousquet
- Department of Respiratory Disease, University Hospital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - G De Carlo
- The European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases patients associations (EFA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - W J Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Gane
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK
| | - C Hopkins
- ENT Department, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C Holzmeister
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - C Langdon
- IDIBAPS, Hospital ClÃ-nic, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERES. Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E S Lourijsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V J Lund
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK
| | - G Marien
- European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airway diseases (EUFOREA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Mavris
- European Medicines Agency (EMA), London, UK
| | - J Mullol
- IDIBAPS, Hospital ClÃ-nic, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Pereira-Perez
- IDIBAPS, Hospital ClÃ-nic, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - P V Tomazic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - O Vanderveken
- ENT Department, University Hospital of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - P W Hellings
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Clinical Department of Otorhin
| | - S F Seys
- European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airway diseases (EUFOREA), Brussels, Belgium; Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Postmus D, Mavris M, Hillege HL, Salmonson T, Ryll B, Plate A, Moulon I, Eichler HG, Bere N, Pignatti F. Incorporating patient preferences into drug development and regulatory decision making: Results from a quantitative pilot study with cancer patients, carers, and regulators. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 99:548-54. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Postmus
- European Medicines Agency; London UK
- University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; The Netherlands
| | - M Mavris
- European Medicines Agency; London UK
| | - HL Hillege
- University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; The Netherlands
| | - T Salmonson
- European Medicines Agency; London UK
- Läkemedelsverket Medical Products Agency; Uppsala Sweden
| | - B Ryll
- Melanoma Patient Network Europe
| | | | - I Moulon
- European Medicines Agency; London UK
| | | | - N Bere
- European Medicines Agency; London UK
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Abstract
Patients' representatives have an increasingly present voice in all aspects of drug development from fundamental research through regulatory processes to health technology assessment. Although major advances have been made in raising awareness and increasing funding for rare diseases, important challenges remain in terms of best use of resources, coordinating efforts and improving policy. This article describes actions taken by rare disease patients' organisations as well as initiatives at the national and European levels to promote research into rare diseases. A survey conducted by EURORDIS (European Organisation for Rare Diseases) on the support (financial and non-financial) provided by patients' organisations in rare disease research is described as well as the involvement of patients' representatives in regulatory processes for medicinal products at the European Medicines Agency. The importance of including patients' groups in fundamental and clinical research as equal partners has become a fact that clearly contributes to the success of an application and the research conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mavris
- EURORDIS - European Organisation for Rare Diseases, Paris, France
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Girardin SE, Tournebize R, Mavris M, Page AL, Li X, Stark GR, Bertin J, DiStefano PS, Yaniv M, Sansonetti PJ, Philpott DJ. CARD4/Nod1 mediates NF-kappaB and JNK activation by invasive Shigella flexneri. EMBO Rep 2001; 2:736-42. [PMID: 11463746 PMCID: PMC1083992 DOI: 10.1093/embo-reports/kve155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells are refractory to extracellular lipopolysaccharide (LPS), yet when presented inside the cell, it is capable of initiating an inflammatory response. Using invasive Shigella flexneri to deliver LPS into the cytosol, we examined how this factor, once intracellular, activates both NF-kappaB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Surprisingly, the mode of activation is distinct from that induced by toll-like receptors (TLRs), which mediate LPS responsiveness from the outside-in. Instead, our findings demonstrate that this response is mediated by a cytosolic, plant disease resistance-like protein called CARD4/Nod1. Biochemical studies reveal enhanced oligomerization of CARD4 upon S. flexneri infection, an event necessary for NF-kappaB induction. Dominant-negative versions of CARD4 block activation of NF-kappaB and JNK by S. flexneri as well as microinjected LPS. Finally, we showed that invasive S. flexneri triggers the formation of a transient complex involving CARD4, RICK and the IKK complex. This study demonstrates that in addition to the extracellular LPS sensing system mediated by TLRs, mammalian cells also possess a cytoplasmic means of LPS detection via a molecule that is related to plant disease-resistance proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Girardin
- Unité des Virus Oncogènes, and Unité INSERM 389, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, Paris, Cédex 15, 75724 France
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Abstract
We have isolated the lysogenic bacteriophage SfII, which mediates glucosylation of Shigella flexneri O-antigen, resulting in expression of the type II antigen. SfII belongs to group A of the Bradley classification and has a genome size of 42.3kb. DNA sequencing of a 4 kb BamHI subclone identified four open reading frames (ORFs), of which only two were found to be necessary for serotype conversion. These genes were named bgt, which encodes a putative bactoprenol glucosyl transferase, and gtrII, encoding the putative type II antigen determining glucosyl transferase. These genes are adjacent to the integrase gene (int) and attachment site (attP), which are highly homologous to those of Salmonella bacteriophage P22. Another ORF encoded a highly hydrophobic protein of 120 amino acids with homologues in Escherichia coli, Salmonella bacteriophage P22 and S. flexneri. Previous studies identified gtrX, the glucosyl transferase gene, of bacteriophage SfX, which also glucosylates the O-antigen specifically. We determined that gtrX-mediated expression of the group 7,8 antigen also requires bgt. This allowed us to identify gtrII as being the serotype antigen II determining glucosyl transferase. Southern hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses indicated that bgt homologues exist in the genomes of all S. flexneri serotypes and in E. coli K-12, whereas gtrII was only detected in strains of serotype 2. Transposon TnphoA-derived chromosomal mutations of bgt and gtrII in S. flexneri serotype 2a were isolated and characterized. [35S]-methionine labelling and the use of a T7 RNA polymerase expression system identified a protein of 34kDa corresponding to Bgt. However, GtrII, which has a predicted molecular weight of 55 kDa, was not detected. We propose that the function of Bgt is to transfer the glucose residues from the UDP-glucose onto bactoprenol and GtrII then transfers the glucose onto the O-antigen repeat unit at the rhamnose III position. The chromosomal organization of these serotype-converting genes, when compared with their homologues in E. coli K-12 chromosome and the P22 bacteriophage genome, were very similar. This suggests that the regions encode similar functions in these organisms and have a similar evolutionary origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mavris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Adelaide, South Australia
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Abstract
The O antigen of the Shigella flexneri lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an important virulence determinant and immunogen. We have isolated S. flexneri mutants which produce a semi-rough LPS by using an O-antigen-specific phage, Sf6c. Western immunoblotting was used to show that the LPS produced by the semi-rough mutants contained only one O-antigen repeat unit. Thus, the mutants are deficient in production of the O-antigen polymerase and were termed rfc mutants. Complementation experiments were used to locate the rfc adjacent to the rfb genes on plasmid clones previously isolated and containing this region (D. F. Macpherson, R. Morona, D. W. Beger, K.-C. Cheah, and P. A. Manning, Mol. Microbiol 5:1491-1499, 1991). A combination of deletions and subcloning analysis located the rfc gene as spanning a 2-kb region. Insertion of a kanamycin resistance cartridge into a SalI site in this region inactivated the rfc gene. The DNA sequence of the rfc region was determined. An open reading frame spanning the SalI site was identified and encodes a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 43.7 kDa. The predicted protein is highly hydrophobic and showed little sequence homology with any other protein. Comparison of its hydropathy plot with that of other Rfc proteins from Salmonella enterica (typhimurium) and Salmonella enterica (muenchen) revealed that the profiles were similar and that the proteins have 12 or more potential membrane-spanning segments. A comparison of the S. flexneri rfc gene and protein product with other rfc and rfc-like proteins revealed that they have a similarly low percentage of G + C content and have similar codon usage, and all have a high percentage of rare codons. An attempt to identify the S. flexneri Rfc protein was unsuccessful, although proteins encoded upstream and downstream of the rfc gene could be identified. Examination of the distribution of rare or minor codons in the rfc gene revealed that it has several minor codons within the first 25 amino acids. This is in contrast to the upstream gene rfbG, which also has a high percentage of rare codons but whose gene product could be detected. The positioning of the rare codons in the rfc gene may restrict translation and suggests that minor isoaccepting tRNA species may be involved in translational regulation of rfc expression. The low percentage of G + C content of rfc genes may be a consequence of the selection pressure to maintain this form of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Morona
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Adelaide, Australia
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Kelefiotis D, Lanara E, Vakirtzi-Lemonias C, Siafaka A, Mavris M, Lazanas M, Demopoulos CA. Study of digoxin as inhibitor of the in vivo effects of acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine (AGEPC) in mice. Life Sci 1988; 42:623-33. [PMID: 3339951 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(88)90453-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine (AGEPC) and the cardiac glycoside digoxin were administered intravenously through the tail vein into ether-anesthetized SWR mice (two months old). The administered doses were 0.18 nmol AGEPC/g b.w. (a lethal one) and 75 or 125 ng digoxin/b.w. Digoxin ameliorates the effects of the lethal dose of AGEPC showing maximum activity when given 5 or 10 min after AGEPC administration to female and male animals respectively. Digoxin shows also a protective action towards the effects of AGEPC and maximum activity appears when it is given 10 min before AGEPC administration. In agreement with the picture of increased survival in digoxin pretreated animals, are our findings on life prolongation of mice which finally die from AGEPC, the amelioration of the expected fall in blood platelet counts after AGEPC administration as well as the improved performance of the animals in a series of physical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kelefiotis
- Biology Division, N.R.C. Demokritos, Attikis, Greece
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