Human papilloma virus genotypes in dysplasia and epithelial hyperplasia of oral cavity using the luminex xmap technology. A multicenter study

Background

Oral cancer associated with high risk (HPV-HR) human papilloma virus (HPV) has been increasing. HPV-HR has been associated with epithelial dysplasia, however, little information exists on its frequency in epithelial hyperplasia lesions. The aim of this study is to compare HPV genotypes in dysplastic and hyperplastic lesions of oral cavity.

Material and Methods

Two hundred and fifty oral lesions: 131 dysplasia and 119 hyperplasia from two regions of Colombia were evaluated. One hundred seventy-four coming from urban area and 104 from a high risk population to oral cancer from a rural area. HPV was identified by qPCR and Twenty-four HPVs genotypes were evaluated by Luminex® technology. Logistic regressions were performed to establish the associations between HPV infections with oral dysplasia.

Results

Twenty-eight percent (70/250) of the samples were positives for any HPV and HPV-HRs were more frequently than low risk HPVs. HPV-16 was the most detected genotype (16%) followed by HPV-31, 53, 18 and 45. HPV, HPV-HRs and HPV-16 were only associated with dysplasia in urban area; OR 3.28 (CI 95% 1.49-7.17), OR 7.94 (CI 95% 2.97-21.2) and OR 5.90 (CI 95% 2.05-17). Individuals in rural area showed more HPV and HPV-HRs infection in hyperplasic lesions than urban population. The majority of HPV+ lesions had multi-type of HPV (52/70) and the urban individuals showed more genotypes than rural population.

Conclusions

HPV-.HRs are frequently found in hyperplastic and dysplastic epithelial lesions. HPV-HRs and HPV-16 were associated with dysplasia in urban population. Rural high risk population and urban population differ in the frequency and variety of HPV genotypes.

Key words:Human papilloma virus, epithelial dysplasia, epithelial hyperplasia, HPV-genotypes.

Prenatal brain imaging in congenital toxoplasmosis

OBJECTIVE

To describe brain imaging findings and outcomes in fetuses with confirmed congenital toxoplasmosis (CTX).

METHODS

Physicians from Prenatal Diagnosis Units in ten Latin American countries were contacted and asked to provide data on fetuses with ultrasound findings suggestive of intrauterine infection and a positive diagnosis of CTX. The imaging studies were reviewed, and findings were described and tabulated.

RESULTS

Intracranial findings suggestive of CTX were identified in eight patients at a median gestational age of 31.5 weeks (range, 24.4-34 weeks). Ventriculomegaly was found in seven patients [severe (3), mild (4)]. Multiple echogenic nodular foci consistent with calcifications were found in seven patients [brain parenchyma (7), periventricular zone (3) and caudothalamic zone (3)]. Diffuse periventricular echogenicity or cysts were seen in three and callosal dysgenesis in one. All six survivors have choroidoretinitis and intracranial calcifications, four suffer from developmental delay and three of these four children also suffer from seizures and blindness. Postnatal hydrocephaly was found in five children.

CONCLUSIONS

Ventriculomegaly associated with multiple echo-dense nodules is characteristic of severe fetal toxoplasmosis and carries a poor prognosis. When the ventricles have normal size or are only mildly dilated, the nodules restricted to the parenchyma development may be normal.