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Schober T, Magg T, Laschinger M, Rohlfs M, Linhares ND, Puchalka J, Weisser T, Fehlner K, Mautner J, Walz C, Hussein K, Jaeger G, Kammer B, Schmid I, Bahia M, Pena SD, Behrends U, Belohradsky BH, Klein C, Hauck F. A human immunodeficiency syndrome caused by mutations in CARMIL2. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14209. [PMID: 28112205 PMCID: PMC5473639 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell function is dependent on T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) and co-signalling as evidenced by immunodeficiencies affecting TCR-dependent signalling pathways. Here, we show four human patients with EBV+ disseminated smooth muscle tumours that carry two homozygous loss-of-function mutations in the CARMIL2 (RLTPR) gene encoding the capping protein regulator and myosin 1 linker 2. These patients lack regulatory T cells without evidence of organ-specific autoimmunity, and have defective CD28 co-signalling associated with impaired T-cell activation, differentiation and function, as well as perturbed cytoskeletal organization associated with T-cell polarity and migration disorders. Human CARMIL2-deficiency is therefore an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency disorder associated with defective CD28-mediated TCR co-signalling and impaired cytoskeletal dynamics. CARMIL2 (Rltpr) is involved in T-cell function. Here, the authors identify human CARMIL2-deficiency as an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by EBV+ smooth muscle tumours, CD28 co-signalling deficiency and impaired cytoskeletal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schober
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Lindwurmstrasse 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - T Magg
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Lindwurmstrasse 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - M Laschinger
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaninger Strasse 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - M Rohlfs
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Lindwurmstrasse 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - N D Linhares
- Laboratory of Clinical Genomics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 190 Professor Alfredo Balena Avenida, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil
| | - J Puchalka
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Lindwurmstrasse 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - T Weisser
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaninger Strasse 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - K Fehlner
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaninger Strasse 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - J Mautner
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU)-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Marchioninistrasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany.,Children's Hospital, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich D-80804, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Trogerstrasse 30, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - C Walz
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Thalkirchner Strasse 36, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - K Hussein
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - G Jaeger
- Department of Diagnostic Virology, Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Pettenkoferstrasse 9a, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - B Kammer
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Lindwurmstrasse 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - I Schmid
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Lindwurmstrasse 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - M Bahia
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 110 Prof. Alfredo Balena Avenida, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil
| | - S D Pena
- Laboratory of Clinical Genomics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 190 Professor Alfredo Balena Avenida, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil
| | - U Behrends
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU)-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Marchioninistrasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany.,Children's Hospital, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich D-80804, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Trogerstrasse 30, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - B H Belohradsky
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Lindwurmstrasse 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - C Klein
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Lindwurmstrasse 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Trogerstrasse 30, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - F Hauck
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Lindwurmstrasse 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Trogerstrasse 30, D-81675 Munich, Germany
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Grau AJ, Buggle F, Heindl S, Steichen-Wiehn C, Banerjee T, Maiwald M, Rohlfs M, Suhr H, Fiehn W, Becher H. Recent infection as a risk factor for cerebrovascular ischemia. Stroke 1995; 26:373-9. [PMID: 7886709 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.26.3.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous infection is discussed as a risk factor for ischemic stroke in children and younger adults. We tested the hypothesis that the role of recent infection in cerebrovascular ischemia is not restricted to younger patients and investigated which infections are mainly relevant in this respect. METHODS We performed a case-control study with 197 patients aged 18 to 80 years with acute cerebrovascular ischemia and 197 randomly selected control subjects matched for sex, age, and area of residence. RESULTS Infection within 1 week before ictus or examination was significantly more common among patients (38 of 197) than control subjects (10 of 197; odds ratio [OR], 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1 to 9.7). Patients more often had febrile and subfebrile infections (> or = 37.5 degrees C) than control subjects (29 of 197 versus 5 of 197; OR, 7.0; 95% CI, 2.5 to 20). Respiratory tract infections were most common in both groups. Bacterial infections dominated among patients but not among control subjects. Infection increased the risk for cerebrovascular ischemia in all age groups; this reached significance for patients aged 51 to 60 and 61 to 70 years. The profile of vascular risk factors was similar in patients with and patients without previous infection. Infection remained a significant risk factor when previous stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and current smoking were included as covariates in a logistic model (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.9 to 11.3). CONCLUSIONS Recent infection, primarily of bacterial origin, may be a risk factor for cerebrovascular ischemia in older as well as younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Grau
- Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus type-16 (HPV-16) transcription in two human keratinocyte cell lines (HPK) immortalized by transfection of viral DNA in vitro was analyzed by nucleotide sequencing of cDNA clones, and in addition by primer extension analysis and S1 nuclease and exonuclease VII digestion of poly(A)+ RNA. A novel mRNA species which probably initiates in the E7 ORF and in which the 5'-part of the E1 ORF (splice donor at position (pos.) 880) is joined to an exon comprising the entire E2 ORF (splice acceptor at pos. 2708) was found in both cell lines. This mRNA has the potential to encode a full-length E2 protein, which is known to function as a repressor of transcription initiated at P97. cDNAs derived from the late region of the viral genome and the use of a late polyadenylation signal at pos. 7320-7325 are described. In agreement with RNA data published by others the major promoter for HPV-16 transcription is located at pos. 97. mRNA species encoding full-length or truncated forms of the E6 protein, and species characterized by an E1i [symbol see text] E4 splice junction (which provided the E4 open reading frame (ORF) with an ATG triplet) were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rohlfs
- Institut für Virusforschung, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
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