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Anyanwu GO, Onyeneke EC, Okoli BJ, Johannes MS, Sabi- RU, Iqbal J, Ejaz SA, Zaib S, Rauf K, Nisar- RU. Pharmacological activities of a novel phthalic acid ester and iridoid glycoside isolated from the root bark of Anthocleista vogelii Planch. Trop Biomed 2019; 36:35-43. [PMID: 33597424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel phthalic acid ester (1) and a known iridoid glycoside (2) were isolated from the root bark of Anthocleista vogelii. The structures of the novel compound and iridoid glycoside were elucidated on the basis of their chemical and spectral data (UV, FT-IR, EI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR) and found to be phthalic acid ester, 4-ethyl-6-propyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro3H-2,8-benzodioxacycloundecine-1,9-dione (1) and sweroside (2). The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activities against pancreatic lipase, α-amylase and αglucosidase, and in vivo laxative activity in rats. The metabolite phthalic acid ester (1) exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 24.43 ± 0.096 µg/mL) and relatively good activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 10.28 ± 0.015 µg/mL). Sweroside (2) displayed weak activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 40.28 ± 0.063 µg/mL) but significantly (p<0.05) increased the feacal output of the treated animals compared to the normal and sodium picosulfate controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- G O Anyanwu
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, K.P.K, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - E C Onyeneke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - B J Okoli
- Institute of Chemical and Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Southern Gauteng Science and Technology Park - Private Bag X021 - Vanderbijlpark, Sebokeng, South Africa
| | - M S Johannes
- Institute of Chemical and Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Southern Gauteng Science and Technology Park - Private Bag X021 - Vanderbijlpark, Sebokeng, South Africa
| | - Rehman Ur- Sabi-
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - J Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - S A Ejaz
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - S Zaib
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - K Rauf
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, K.P.K, Pakistan
| | - Rahman Ur- Nisar-
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, K.P.K, Pakistan
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Berg JA, Dammann JF, Tenore FV, Tabot GA, Boback JL, Manfredi LR, Peterson ML, Katyal KD, Johannes MS, Makhlin A, Wilcox R, Franklin RK, Vogelstein RJ, Hatsopoulos NG, Bensmaia SJ. Behavioral demonstration of a somatosensory neuroprosthesis. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2013; 21:500-7. [PMID: 23475375 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2013.2244616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tactile sensation is critical for effective object manipulation, but current prosthetic upper limbs make no provision for delivering somesthetic feedback to the user. For individuals who require use of prosthetic limbs, this lack of feedback transforms a mundane task into one that requires extreme concentration and effort. Although vibrotactile motors and sensory substitution devices can be used to convey gross sensations, a direct neural interface is required to provide detailed and intuitive sensory feedback. In light of this, we describe the implementation of a somatosensory prosthesis with which we elicit, through intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), percepts whose magnitude is graded according to the force exerted on the prosthetic finger. Specifically, the prosthesis consists of a sensorized finger, the force output of which is converted into a regime of ICMS delivered to primary somatosensory cortex through chronically implanted multi-electrode arrays. We show that the performance of animals (Rhesus macaques) on a tactile task is equivalent whether stimuli are delivered to the native finger or to the prosthetic finger.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Berg
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Johannes MS. A new dimension of the PACU: the dilemma of the ICU overflow patient. J Post Anesth Nurs 1994; 9:297-300. [PMID: 7807407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in the number of critically ill patients needing extended periods of time in the ICU and the subsequent shortage of ICU beds, hospitals have examined ways to use the PACU as an alternative for the short-term critically ill patient. This article identifies common problems encountered by the PACU staff, and the author suggests criteria for establishing and implementing guidelines for successful integration of these short-term critically ill patients without losing sight of the PACU's goals and compromising patient care. The criteria for establishing guidelines were based on the personal experience of the author in developing a program for ICU overflow patients, as well as from experiences of other PACU nurses working in PACUs where successful guidelines currently are used.
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