Development of composite anion-exchange membranes using poly(vinyl alcohol) and silica precursor for pervaporation separation of water–isopropanol mixtures

Composite anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) were prepared using sol–gel techniques with poly(vinyl alcohol) and anion-exchange silica precursor (AESP). Among the composite AEMs, the membrane containing 4 mass% of AESP (M-4) exhibited the excellent pervaporation performance.

In vitro release study of verapamil hydrochloride through sodium alginate interpenetrating monolithic membranes

Polymeric sodium alginate interpenetrating network membranes containing verapamil hydrochloride were fabricated for transdermal application. The membranes were evaluated for their physical properties, weight and thickness uniformity, water vapor transmission, as well as drug content uniformity. All the thin patches were transparent, smooth, and flexible. The drug-loaded membranes were analyzed by X-ray diffraction to understand the drug polymorphism inside the membrane. The transdermal patches were permeable to water vapor, indicating the permeability characteristics of the polymers. The in vitro drug release was performed in distilled water using a Keshary-Chien diffusion cell. The release data were analyzed to understand the mechanism of drug release.