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Ivancic ST, Theobald W, Churnetski K, Michalko M, Willistein D, Bittle WA, Regan SP, Carpenter A, Trosseille C, Kilkenny JD, Raymond A, Hares JD, Dymoke-Bradshaw AKL, Rochau G, Garand D. Design of the high-yield time-gated x-ray hot-spot imager for OMEGA. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:113521. [PMID: 36461552 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved x-ray self-emission imaging of hot spots in inertial confinement fusion experiments along several lines of sight provides critical information on the pressure and the transient morphology of the hot spot on the University of Rochester's OMEGA Laser System. At least three quasi-orthogonal lines of sight are required to infer the tomographic information of the hot spots of deuterium-tritium cryogenic layered implosions. OMEGA currently has two time-gated x-ray hot-spot imagers: the time-resolved Kirkpatrick-Baez x-ray microscope and the single-line-of-sight, time-resolved x-ray imager (SLOS-TRXI). The time-gated x-ray hot-spot imager (XRHSI) is being developed for use on OMEGA as the third line of sight for the high-yield operation of up to 4 × 1014 neutrons. XRHSI follows the SLOS-TRXI concept; however, it will have improved spatial and temporal resolutions of 5 μm and 20 ps, respectively. The simultaneous operation of the three instruments will provide 3-D reconstructions of the assembled hot-spot fuel at various times through peak thermonuclear output. The technical approach consists of a pinhole array imager and demagnifying time-dilation drift tube that are coupled to two side-by-side hybrid complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (hCMOS) image sensors. To minimize the background and to harden the diagnostics, an angled drift-tube assembly shifting the hCMOS sensors out of the direct line of sight and neutron shielding will be applied. The technical design space for the instrument will be discussed and the conceptual design will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - K Churnetski
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - M Michalko
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D Willistein
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - W A Bittle
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - S P Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - A Carpenter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C Trosseille
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J D Kilkenny
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121-1122, USA
| | - A Raymond
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121-1122, USA
| | - J D Hares
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Howbery Park, Wallingford OX10 8BA, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Rochau
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Garand
- Sydor Technologies, Fairport, New York 14450, USA
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Churnetski K, Woo KM, Theobald W, Radha PB, Betti R, Gopalaswamy V, Igumenshchev IV, Ivancic ST, Michalko M, Shah RC, Stoeckl C, Thomas CA, Regan SP. Three-dimensional hot-spot x-ray emission tomography from cryogenic deuterium-tritium direct-drive implosions on OMEGA. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:093530. [PMID: 36182469 DOI: 10.1063/5.0098977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional model of the hot-spot x-ray emission has been developed and applied to the study of low-mode drive asymmetries in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion implosions on OMEGA with cryogenic deuterium-tritium targets. The steady-state model assumes an optically thin plasma and the data from four x-ray diagnostics along quasi-orthogonal lines of sight are used to obtain a tomographic reconstruction of the hot spot. A quantitative analysis of the hot-spot shape is achieved by projecting the x-ray emission into the diagnostic planes and comparing this projection to the measurements. The model was validated with radiation-hydrodynamic simulations assuming a mode-2 laser illumination perturbation resulting in an elliptically shaped hot spot, which was accurately reconstructed by the model using synthetic x-ray images. This technique was applied to experimental data from implosions in polar-direct-drive illumination geometry with a deliberate laser-drive asymmetry, and the hot-spot emission was reconstructed using spherical-harmonic modes of up to ℓ = 3. A 10% stronger drive on the equator relative to that on the poles resulted in a prolate-shaped hot spot at stagnation with a large negative A2,0 coefficient of A2,0 = -0.47 ± 0.03, directly connecting the modal contribution of the hot-spot shape with the modal contribution in laser-drive asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Churnetski
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 146231299, USA
| | - K M Woo
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 146231299, USA
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 146231299, USA
| | - P B Radha
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 146231299, USA
| | - R Betti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 146231299, USA
| | - V Gopalaswamy
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 146231299, USA
| | - I V Igumenshchev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 146231299, USA
| | - S T Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 146231299, USA
| | - M Michalko
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 146231299, USA
| | - R C Shah
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 146231299, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 146231299, USA
| | - C A Thomas
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 146231299, USA
| | - S P Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 146231299, USA
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Kainz O, Karpiel E, Petija R, Michalko M, Jakab F. Non-standard situation detection in smart water metering. Open Computer Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/comp-2020-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In this paper an algorithm for detection of nonstandard situations in smart water metering based on machine learning is designed. The main categories for nonstandard situation or anomaly detection and two common methods for anomaly detection are analyzed. The proposed solution needs to fit the requirements for correct, efficient and real-time detection of non-standard situations in actual water consumption with minimal required consumer intervention to its operation. Moreover, a proposal to extend the original hardware solution is described and implemented to accommodate the needs of the detection algorithm. The final implemented and tested solution evaluates anomalies in water consumption for a given time in specific day and month using machine learning with a semi-supervised approach.
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Kainz O, Michalko M, Jakab F. On the Extraction of Anthropometric Parameters by Visual and Non-Visual Means. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Pervasive Health and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.4108/eai.7-9-2017.153064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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