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Zalewski A, Szymura M, Kowalczyk R, Brzeziński M. Low individual diet variation and high trophic niche overlap between the native polecat and invasive American mink. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Zalewski
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża Poland
| | - M. Szymura
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża Poland
| | - R. Kowalczyk
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża Poland
| | - M. Brzeziński
- Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw Warszawa Poland
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Abstract
IntroductionMedical studies are considered one of the most stressful majors and the medical profession is one of the most at risk of burnout. Some studies indicate the presence of symptoms of burnout already in the early stages of career, or even before it started, i.e. during studies preparing for the profession. Medical studies may be such a case and it can affect the mental health deterioration and cause the occurrence of both burnout and neurotic symptoms.ObjectivesAssessment of the impact of the course of studies on mental health of students and the risk of rapid burnout.AimEstimation of the prevalence and severity of burnout and neurotic symptoms among medical student depending on the year of study.MethodsSeven hundred and eighty-one medical students participated in the study. We used translated version of Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey and Polish questionnaire – Symptom checklist S-III – for neurotic symptoms assessment.ResultsThere was no significant difference in MBI-SS subscales and symptoms checklist between first and last year of studies. Difference turned out to be significant when 1st and 6th year students with 3rd year – in Symptom checklist (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively), MBI-SS emotional exhaustion subscale (P < 0.01 for both) and depersonalization subscale (P < 0.01, significant only when compared with 1st year students).ConclusionsStudy revealed interesting pattern of burnout and neurotic symptoms, with theirs greatest severity at the beginning and the end of studies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Wojnar P, Płachta J, Kret S, Kaleta A, Zaleszczyk W, Szymura M, Wiater M, Baczewski LT, Pietruczik A, Karczewski G, Wojtowicz T, Kossut J. Growth and optical investigations of high quality individual CdTe/(Cd,Mg)Te core/shell nanowires. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:045207. [PMID: 28000610 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/28/4/045207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CdTe nanowires with the average diameter of only 40 nm coated with (Cd,Mg)Te shells are grown using Au-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism in a system for molecular beam epitaxy. High optical quality of individual nanowires is revealed by means of low temperature cathodoluminescence and micro-luminescence. It is found that, the optical emission spectrum consists mostly of the near band edge emission without any significant contribution of defect related luminescence. Moreover, the importance of surface passivation with (Cd,Mg)Te coating shells is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wojnar
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland
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Wojnar P, Płachta J, Zaleszczyk W, Kret S, Sanchez AM, Rudniewski R, Raczkowska K, Szymura M, Karczewski G, Baczewski LT, Pietruczik A, Wojtowicz T, Kossut J. Coexistence of optically active radial and axial CdTe insertions in single ZnTe nanowire. Nanoscale 2016; 8:5720-5727. [PMID: 26903109 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08806b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the growth, cathodoluminescence and micro-photoluminescence of individual radial and axial CdTe insertions in ZnTe nanowires. In particular, the cathodoluminescence technique is used to determine the position of each emitting object inside the nanowire. It is demonstrated that depending on the CdTe deposition temperature, one can obtain an emission either from axial CdTe insertions only, or from both, radial and axial heterostructures, simultaneously. At 350 °C CdTe grows only axially, whereas at 310 °C and 290 °C, there is also significant deposition on the nanowire sidewalls resulting in radial core/shell heterostructures. The presence of Cd atoms on the sidewalls is confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Micro-photoluminescence study reveals a strong linear polarization of the emission from both types of heterostructures in the direction along the nanowire axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wojnar
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Płachta
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Zaleszczyk
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Kret
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ana M Sanchez
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - R Rudniewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Raczkowska
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Szymura
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, Warsaw, Poland
| | - G Karczewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, Warsaw, Poland
| | - L T Baczewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Pietruczik
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Wojtowicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Kossut
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, Warsaw, Poland
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Wojnar P, Szymura M, Zaleszczyk W, Kłopotowski L, Janik E, Wiater M, Baczewski LT, Kret S, Karczewski G, Kossut J, Wojtowicz T. Activation of an intense near band edge emission from ZnTe/ZnMgTe core/shell nanowires grown on silicon. Nanotechnology 2013; 24:365201. [PMID: 23960005 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/36/365201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The absence of luminescence in the near band edge energy region of Te-anion based semiconductor nanowires grown by gold catalyst assisted molecular beam epitaxy has strongly limited their applications in the field of photonics. In this paper, an enhancement of the near band edge emission intensity from ZnTe/ZnMgTe core/shell nanowires grown on Si substrates is reported. A special role of the use of Si substrates instead of GaAs substrates is emphasized, which results in an increase of the near band edge emission intensity by at least one order of magnitude accompanied by a simultaneous reduction of the defect related luminescence. A possible explanation of this effect relies on the presence of Ga-related deep level defects in structures grown on GaAs substrates, which are absent when Si substrates are used. Monochromatic mapping of the cathodoluminescence clearly confirms that the observed emission originates, indeed, from the ZnTe/ZnMgTe core/shell nanowires, whereas individual objects are studied by means of microphotoluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wojnar
- Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-660 Warszawa, Poland.
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