1
|
Pal R, Battu MB, Mukhopadhyay S. Therapeutic application of PPE2 protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in inhibiting tissue inflammation. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14891. [PMID: 35811493 PMCID: PMC9449591 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing need to develop biological anti-inflammatory agents that are more targeted, effective, and with lesser side effects as compared to conventional chemical drugs. In the present study, we found that Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein PPE2 and a synthetic derivative peptide can suppress the mast cell population and inhibit several vasoactive and fibrogenic mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by mast cells in formalin-induced tissue injury. PPE2 was found to inhibit transcription from the promoter of stem cell factor, important for mast cell maintenance and migration. Thus, PPE2/peptide can be used as a potent nonsteroidal therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammation and tissue injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Pal
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhu Babu Battu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sangita Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bomba FDT, Nguelefack TB, Matharasala G, Mishra RK, Battu MB, Sriram D, Kamanyi A, Yogeeswari P. Antihypernociceptive effects of Petersianthus macrocarpus stem bark on neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1241-1253. [PMID: 34081248 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00821-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Petersianthus macrocarpus (Lecythidaceae) stem bark is traditionally used in West and Central Africa for the treatment of boils and pain. The present study examined the chemical composition of the aqueous and methanolic stem bark extracts of P. macrocarpus by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) . Their antinociceptive effect was evaluated using chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain in a rat model. On the ninth day post-surgery, the pain perception (allodynia and hyperalgesia) of the animals was assessed after the administration of aqueous and methanolic extracts at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. In addition, the effect of the extracts was evaluated on nitric oxide activity and on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB). The LC-ESI-MS analysis revealed the presence of ellagic acid as the major constituent in the methanol extract. Both extracts at the employed doses (100 and 200 mg/kg), significantly (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) reduced the spontaneous pain, tactile and cold allodynia, and mechanical hyperalgesia. The methanolic extract used at the dose of 200 mg/kg significantly reduced the nitric oxide level (p < 0.001) and the gene expression levels of NF-κB (p < 0.05) and TNF-α (p < 0.01) in the brain. These data may indicate that stem bark extracts of P. macrocarpus possess a potent anti-hypernociceptive effect on CCI neuropathic pain. The inhibition of the nitric oxide pathway as well as the reduction in NF-κB and TNF-α gene expression in the brain may at least partially contribute to this effect. The results further support the use of this plant by traditional healers in pain conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Desire Tatsinkou Bomba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon.
- Neuropathic Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus. Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal R.R. District, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India.
| | - Telesphore Benoit Nguelefack
- Research Unit of Neuro-Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Gangadhar Matharasala
- Neuropathic Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus. Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal R.R. District, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Ram Kumar Mishra
- Neuropathic Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus. Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal R.R. District, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Madhu Babu Battu
- Neuropathic Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus. Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal R.R. District, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Neuropathic Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus. Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal R.R. District, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Albert Kamanyi
- Research Unit of Neuro-Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Perumal Yogeeswari
- Neuropathic Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus. Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal R.R. District, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen YC, Dinavahi SS, Feng Q, Gowda R, Ramisetti S, Xia X, LaPenna KB, Chirasani VR, Cho SH, Hafenstein SL, Battu MB, Berg A, Sharma AK, Kirchhausen T, Dokholyan NV, Amin S, He P, Robertson GP. Activating Sphingosine-1-phospahte signaling in endothelial cells increases myosin light chain phosphorylation to decrease endothelial permeability thereby inhibiting cancer metastasis. Cancer Lett 2021; 506:107-119. [PMID: 33600895 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the metastatic process to prevent disease dissemination in cancer remains challenging. One step in the metastatic cascade involves cancer cells transiting through the vascular endothelium after inflammation has increased the permeability of this cellular layer. Reducing inflammation-mediated gaps in the vascular endothelium could potentially be used to retard metastasis. This study describes the development of a novel ASR396-containing nanoparticle designed to activate the Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 (S1PR1) in order to tighten the junctions between the endothelial cells lining the vascular endothelium thereby inhibiting metastasis. ASR396 was derived from the S1PR1 agonist SEW2871 through chemical modification enabling the new compound to be loaded into a nanoliposome. ASR396 retained S1PR1 binding activity and the nanoliposomal formulation (nanoASR396) made it systemically bioavailable upon intravenous injection. Studies conducted in microvessels demonstrated that nanoASR396 significantly attenuated inflammatory mediator-induced permeability increase through the S1PR1 activation. Similarly, nanoASR396 inhibited gap formation mediated by inflammatory agents on an endothelial cell monolayer by decreasing levels of phosphorylated myosin light chain protein thereby inhibiting cellular contractility. In animal models, nanoASR396 inhibited lung metastasis by up to 80%, indicating its potential for retarding melanoma metastasis. Thus, a novel bioavailable nanoparticle-based S1PR1 agonist has been developed to negate the effects of inflammatory mediators on the vascular endothelium in order to reduce the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chen
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Saketh S Dinavahi
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Qilong Feng
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Raghavendra Gowda
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Srinivasa Ramisetti
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Xinghai Xia
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Kyle B LaPenna
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Venkat R Chirasani
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Sung Hyun Cho
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Susan L Hafenstein
- Departments of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | | | - Arthur Berg
- Departments of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Tom Kirchhausen
- Departments of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Shantu Amin
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Pingnian He
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Departments of Departments of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Departments of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Departments of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; The Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; The Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; The Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dinavahi SS, Gowda R, Gowda K, Bazewicz CG, Chirasani VR, Battu MB, Berg A, Dokholyan NV, Amin S, Robertson GP. Development of a Novel Multi-Isoform ALDH Inhibitor Effective as an Antimelanoma Agent. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:447-459. [PMID: 31754071 PMCID: PMC10763724 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) are a major family of detoxifying enzymes that contribute to cancer progression and therapy resistance. ALDH overexpression is associated with a poor prognosis in many cancer types. The use of multi-ALDH isoform or isoform-specific ALDH inhibitors as anticancer agents is currently hindered by the lack of viable candidates. Most multi-ALDH isoform inhibitors lack bioavailability and are nonspecific or toxic, whereas most isoform-specific inhibitors are not effective as monotherapy due to the overlapping functions of ALDH family members. The present study details the development of a novel, potent, multi-isoform ALDH inhibitor, called KS100. The rationale for drug development was that inhibition of multiple ALDH isoforms might be more efficacious for cancer compared with isoform-specific inhibition. Enzymatic IC50s of KS100 were 207, 1,410, and 240 nmol/L toward ALDH1A1, 2, and 3A1, respectively. Toxicity of KS100 was mitigated by development of a nanoliposomal formulation, called NanoKS100. NanoKS100 had a loading efficiency of approximately 69% and was stable long-term. NanoKS100 was 5-fold more selective for killing melanoma cells compared with normal human fibroblasts. NanoKS100 administered intravenously at a submaximal dose (3-fold lower) was effective at inhibiting xenografted melanoma tumor growth by approximately 65% without organ-related toxicity. Mechanistically, inhibition by KS100 significantly reduced total cellular ALDH activity to increase reactive oxygen species generation, lipid peroxidation, and accumulation of toxic aldehydes leading to apoptosis and autophagy. Collectively, these data suggest the successful preclinical development of a nontoxic, bioavailable, nanoliposomal formulation containing a novel multi-ALDH isoform inhibitor effective in the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saketh S Dinavahi
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- The Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- The Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- The Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- The Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher G Bazewicz
- The Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- The Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Venkat R Chirasani
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Madhu Babu Battu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Uppal, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arthur Berg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
- The Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- The Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dinavahi SS, Gowda R, Bazewicz CG, Battu MB, Lin JM, Chitren RJ, Pandey MK, Amin S, Robertson GP, Gowda K. Design, synthesis characterization and biological evaluation of novel multi-isoform ALDH inhibitors as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 187:111962. [PMID: 31887569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are a family of detoxifying enzymes that are overexpressed in various cancers. Increased expression of ALDH is associated with poor prognosis, stemness, and drug resistance. Because of the critical role of ALDH in cancer stem cells, several ALDH inhibitors have been developed. Nonetheless, all these inhibitors either lack efficacy or are too toxic or have not been tested extensively. Thus, the continued development of ALDH inhibitors is warranted. In this study, we designed and synthesized potent multi-ALDH isoform inhibitors based on the isatin backbone. The early molecular docking studies and enzymatic tests revealed that 3(a-l) and 4(a-l) are the potent ALDH1A1, ALDHA2, and ALDH3A1 inhibitors. ALDH inhibitory IC50s of 3(a-l) and 4(a-l) were 230 nM to >10,000 nM for ALDH1A1, 939 nM to >10,000 nM for ALDH2 and 193 nM to >10,000 nM for ALDH3A1. The most potent compounds 3(h-l) had IC50s for killing melanoma cells ranged from 2.1 to 5.7 μM, while for colon cancer cells, it ranged from 2.5 to 5.8 μM and for multiple myeloma cells ranging from 0.3 to 4.7 μM. Toxicity studies of 3(h-l) revealed that 3h to be the least toxic multi-ALDH isoform inhibitor. Mechanistically, 3(h-l) caused increased ROS activity, lipid peroxidation, and toxic aldehyde accumulation, secondary to potent multi-ALDH isoform inhibition leading to increased apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Together, the study details the design, synthesis, and evaluation of potent, multi-isoform ALDH inhibitors to treat cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saketh S Dinavahi
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States; Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States
| | - Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States; Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States
| | - Christopher G Bazewicz
- Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States; College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States
| | - Madhu Babu Battu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Uppal, Hyderabad, 500039, India
| | - Jyh Ming Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States
| | - Robert J Chitren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, 08103, United States
| | - Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, 08103, United States
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States; Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States; Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States; Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States; Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States; Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States; Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Srivastava S, Battu MB, Khan MZ, Nandicoori VK, Mukhopadhyay S. Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPE2 Protein Interacts with p67phox and Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species Production. J I 2019; 203:1218-1229. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
7
|
Gowda R, Inamdar GS, Kuzu O, Dinavahi SS, Krzeminski J, Battu MB, Voleti SR, Amin S, Robertson GP. Identifying the structure-activity relationship of leelamine necessary for inhibiting intracellular cholesterol transport. Oncotarget 2018; 8:28260-28277. [PMID: 28423677 PMCID: PMC5438648 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leelamine is an anticancer chemotherapeutic agent inhibiting intracellular cholesterol transport. Cell death mediated by leelamine occurs due to the lysosomotropic property of the compound, its accumulation in the lysosome, and inhibition of cholesterol transport leading to lack of availability for key processes required for functioning of cancer cells. The present study dissects the structure-activity-relationship of leelamine using synthesized derivatives of leelamine and abietic acid, a structurally similar compound, to identify the moiety responsible for anti-cancer activity. Similar to leelamine, all active derivatives had an amino group or a similar moiety that confers a lysosomotropic property to the compound enabling its accumulation in the lysosome. Active derivatives inhibited intracellular cholesterol transport and hindered xenografted melanoma tumor development without obvious systemic toxicity. In silico studies suggested that active derivatives accumulating in lysosomes bound to NPC1, a protein responsible for cholesterol export from the lysosome, to inhibit its activity that then caused accumulation, and lack of cholesterol availability for other key cellular activities. Thus, active derivatives of leelamine or abietic acid maintained lysosomotropic properties, bound to NPC1, and disrupted cellular cholesterol transport as well as availability to retard tumor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,The Penn State Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Gajanan S Inamdar
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Omer Kuzu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Saketh S Dinavahi
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jacek Krzeminski
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Madhu Babu Battu
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, INDRAS Private Limited, Hyderabad, India 500040
| | - Sreedhara R Voleti
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, INDRAS Private Limited, Hyderabad, India 500040
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,The Penn State Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Anantaraju HS, Battu MB, Viswanadha S, Sriram D, Yogeeswari P. Cathepsin D inhibitors as potential therapeutics for breast cancer treatment: Molecular docking and bioevaluation against triple-negative and triple-positive breast cancers. Mol Divers 2015; 20:521-35. [PMID: 26563150 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to discover small molecule inhibitors against Cathepsin D (CatD) (EC.3.4.23.5), a clinically proven prognostic marker for breast cancer, and to explore the mechanisms by which CatD could be a useful therapeutic target for triple-positive and triple-negative breast cancers (TPBC & TNBC). The crystal structure of CatD at 2.5 Å resolution (PDB: 1LYB), which was complexed with Pepstatin A, was selected for computer-aided molecular modeling. The methods used in our study were pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking. Virtual screening was performed to identify small molecules from an in-house database and a large commercial chemical library. Cytotoxicity studies were performed on human normal cell line HEK293T and growth inhibition studies on breast adenocarcinoma cell lines, namely MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3, and MDA-MB-468. Furthermore, RT-PCR analysis, in vitro enzyme assay, and cell cycle analysis ascertained the validity of the selected molecules. A set of 28 molecules was subjected to an in vitro fluorescence-based inhibitory activity assay, and among them six molecules exhibited >50 % inhibition at 25μM. These molecules also exhibited good growth inhibition against TPBC and TNBC cancer types. Among them, molecules 1 and 17 showed single-digit micromolar GI50 values against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasitha Shilpa Anantaraju
- Computer-Aided Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science- Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shameerpet, R.R. District, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Madhu Babu Battu
- Computer-Aided Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science- Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shameerpet, R.R. District, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Srikant Viswanadha
- Incozen Therapeutics (P)Ltd, Shameerpet, R.R. District, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Computer-Aided Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science- Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shameerpet, R.R. District, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India.,Yogee'S Bioinnovations Private Limited, Room No. 5, Technology Business Incubator, Birla Institute of Technology & Science- Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Perumal Yogeeswari
- Computer-Aided Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science- Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shameerpet, R.R. District, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India. .,Yogee'S Bioinnovations Private Limited, Room No. 5, Technology Business Incubator, Birla Institute of Technology & Science- Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Therese PJ, Manvar D, Kondepudi S, Battu MB, Sriram D, Basu A, Yogeeswari P, Kaushik-Basu N. Multiple e-pharmacophore modeling, 3D-QSAR, and high-throughput virtual screening of hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:539-52. [PMID: 24460140 DOI: 10.1021/ci400644r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) is a crucial and unique component of the HCV RNA replication machinery and a validated target for drug discovery. Multiple crystal structures of NS5B inhibitor complexes have facilitated the identification of novel compound scaffolds through in silico analysis. With the goal of discovering new NS5B inhibitor leads, HCV NS5B crystal structures bound with inhibitors in the palm and thumb allosteric pockets in combination with ligands with known inhibitory potential were explored for a comparative pharmacophore analyses. The energy-based and 3D-QSAR-based pharmacophore models were validated using enrichment analysis, and the six models thus developed were employed for high-throughput virtual screening and docking to identify nonpeptidic leads. The hits derived at each stage were analyzed for diversity based on the six pharmacophore models, followed by molecular docking and filtering based on their interaction with amino acids in the NS5B allosteric pocket and 3D-QSAR predictions. The resulting 10 hits displaying diverse scaffold were then screened employing biochemical and cell-based NS5B and anti-HCV inhibition assays. Of these, two molecules H-5 and H-6 were the most promising, exhibiting IC50 values of 28.8 and 47.3 μM against NS5B polymerase and anti-HCV inhibition of 96% and 86% at 50 μM, respectively. The identified leads comprised of benzimidazole (H-5) and pyridine (H-6) scaffolds thus constitute prototypical molecules for further optimization and development as NS5B inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrisha Joseph Therese
- Computer-Aided Drug Design Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani , Hyderabad campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad-500078, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysregulation of metabolic pathways, caused by imbalances in energy homeostasis, leads to type 2 diabetes characterized by high glucose concentration in the blood due to insulin resistance which is a major disorder in developed countries. AREAS COVERED One of the recent treatment strategies is using activators of SIRT1, which has been in clinical trials. Many of the cellular processes including insulin secretion, cell cycle, and apoptosis are imperatively regulated by a family of mediators called sirtuins. First known mammalian sirtuin, SIRT1 is a positive regulator of insulin secretion, which triggers glucose uptake and utilization. Since the past decade, a major outstanding question is whether SIRT1 activation is a safe therapy for human diseases such as type 2 diabetes? This review summarizes and discusses the advances of the past decade and the challenges that will brazen out perplexity about homeostasis and metabolic pathways linked to SIRT1 and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, we described the interlink between SIRT1 metabolic pathways of various tissues such as pancreas, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver. EXPERT OPINION However be the complexity of the pathways involved, T2DM regulated by SIRT1 affected metabolism is dropping down progressively due to profound research. In the context of interlinking all the SIRT1 pathways in T2DM we found various crucial intermediaries in metabolic tissues, which can also be targeted for future prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkat Koushik Pulla
- Birla Institute of Technology & Science- Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Department of Pharmacy, Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, R.R. District-500078, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|