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Lopes-Lima M, Geist J, Egg S, Beran L, Bikashvili A, Van Bocxlaer B, Bogan AE, Bolotov IN, Chelpanovskaya OA, Douda K, Fernandes V, Gomes-Dos-Santos A, Gonçalves DV, Gürlek ME, Johnson NA, Karaouzas I, Kebapçı Ü, Kondakov AV, Kuehn R, Lajtner J, Mumladze L, Nagel KO, Neubert E, Österling M, Pfeiffer J, Prié V, Riccardi N, Sell J, Schneider LD, Shumka S, Sîrbu I, Skujienė G, Smith CH, Sousa R, Stöckl K, Taskinen J, Teixeira A, Todorov M, Trichkova T, Urbańska M, Välilä S, Varandas S, Veríssimo J, Vikhrev IV, Woschitz G, Zając K, Zając T, Zanatta D, Zieritz A, Zogaris S, Froufe E. Integrative phylogenetic, phylogeographic and morphological characterisation of the Unio crassus species complex reveals cryptic diversity with important conservation implications. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 195:108046. [PMID: 38447924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The global decline of freshwater mussels and their crucial ecological services highlight the need to understand their phylogeny, phylogeography and patterns of genetic diversity to guide conservation efforts. Such knowledge is urgently needed for Unio crassus, a highly imperilled species originally widespread throughout Europe and southwest Asia. Recent studies have resurrected several species from synonymy based on mitochondrial data, revealing U. crassus to be a complex of cryptic species. To address long-standing taxonomic uncertainties hindering effective conservation, we integrate morphometric, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic analyses to examine species diversity within the U. crassus complex across its entire range. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (815 specimens from 182 populations) and, for selected specimens, whole mitogenome sequences and Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) data on ∼ 600 nuclear loci. Mito-nuclear discordance was detected, consistent with mitochondrial DNA gene flow between some species during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Fossil-calibrated phylogenies based on AHE data support a Mediterranean origin for the U. crassus complex in the Early Miocene. The results of our integrative approach support 12 species in the group: the previously recognised Unio bruguierianus, Unio carneus, Unio crassus, Unio damascensis, Unio ionicus, Unio sesirmensis, and Unio tumidiformis, and the reinstatement of five nominal taxa: Unio desectusstat. rev., Unio gontieriistat. rev., Unio mardinensisstat. rev., Unio nanusstat. rev., and Unio vicariusstat. rev. Morphometric analyses of shell contours reveal important morphospace overlaps among these species, highlighting cryptic, but geographically structured, diversity. The distribution, taxonomy, phylogeography, and conservation of each species are succinctly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lopes-Lima
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
| | - J Geist
- Aquatic Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Mühlenweg 22, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - S Egg
- Aquatic Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Mühlenweg 22, 85354 Freising, Germany; Molecular Zoology, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising, Germany
| | - L Beran
- Regional Office Kokořínsko - Máchův kraj Protected Landscape Area Administration, Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic, Česká 149, CZ-27601 Mělnik, Czech Republic
| | - A Bikashvili
- Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, Cholokashvili ave. 3/5, 0162 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - B Van Bocxlaer
- CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A E Bogan
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA
| | - I N Bolotov
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsky Av. 20, 163020 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - O A Chelpanovskaya
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsky Av. 20, 163020 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - K Douda
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, FAFNR, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Fernandes
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - A Gomes-Dos-Santos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - D V Gonçalves
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - M E Gürlek
- Burdur Vocational School of Food Agriculture and Livestock, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15100 Burdur, Türkiye
| | - N A Johnson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - I Karaouzas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Av., Anavyssos 19013, Greece
| | - Ü Kebapçı
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Türkiye
| | - A V Kondakov
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsky Av. 20, 163020 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - R Kuehn
- Molecular Zoology, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising, Germany
| | - J Lajtner
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - L Mumladze
- Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, Cholokashvili ave. 3/5, 0162 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - K-O Nagel
- Malacological Section, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt/M., Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - E Neubert
- Natural History Museum, 3005 Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Österling
- Institution of Environmental and Life Sciences, Karlstad University, Biology, 65188 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - J Pfeiffer
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th and Constitution Avenue, Washington, DC, USA
| | - V Prié
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 51, 75005 Paris, France
| | - N Riccardi
- CNR Water Research Institute, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania, Italy
| | - J Sell
- Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - L D Schneider
- The Rural Economy and Agricultural Society, 305 96 Eldsberga, Sweden
| | - S Shumka
- Faculty Of Biotechnology and Food, Agricultural University of Tirana, Koder Kamez, Tirana 2029, Albania
| | - I Sîrbu
- Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Faculty of Sciences, 5-7 Dr. I. Rațiu St., 550012 Sibiu, Romania
| | - G Skujienė
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - C H Smith
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - R Sousa
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - K Stöckl
- Bavarian Academy for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management, Seethalerstrasse 6, 83410 Laufen, Germany
| | - J Taskinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A Teixeira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - M Todorov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - T Trichkova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M Urbańska
- Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - S Välilä
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - S Varandas
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; CITAB-UTAD - Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Forestry Department, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - J Veríssimo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - I V Vikhrev
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsky Av. 20, 163020 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - G Woschitz
- IFIS - Ichthyological Research Initiative Styria, 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - K Zając
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
| | - T Zając
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
| | - D Zanatta
- Biology Department, Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - A Zieritz
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Sir Clive Granger Building, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - S Zogaris
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Av., Anavyssos 19013, Greece
| | - E Froufe
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Deptuch A, Lalik S, Jasiurkowska-Delaporte M, Urbańska M, Marzec M. Crystallization kinetics of ( S)-4'-(1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl)biphenyl-4-yl 4-[4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutoxy)but-1-oxy]-2-fluorobenzoate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10144-10155. [PMID: 38488033 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00198b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Chiral liquid crystalline compounds belonging to the homologous series of (S)-4'-(1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl)biphenyl-4-yl 4-[m-(2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutoxy)alk-1-oxy]-2-fluorobenzoates show various behaviors on cooling depending on the length of the CmH2m chain. The homologue with m = 2 crystallizes, while for m = 5, 6, 7, and presumably also for m = 3, the glass of the anticlinic smectic CA* phase is formed. The previous results for m = 4 suggest that this homologue may also be a glassformer. This paper presents the study of the crystallization kinetics for the compound with m = 4 in isothermal conditions (by polarizing optical microscopy) and for the 5-40 K min-1 cooling rates (by differential scanning calorimetry). Microscopic observations enable estimation of the energy barrier for nucleation, which equals 409 kJ mol-1. The threshold cooling rate necessary for complete vitrification of the smectic CA* phase, obtained by extrapolating the enthalpy change during crystallization to zero, is equal to 81 K min-1 or 64 K min-1 for the linear and parabolic fits, respectively. The structural studies by X-ray diffraction show that crystal phases have lamellar structures both in the pristine sample and after crystallization from the melt but with different layer spacing. A weak relaxation process is detected in the sample after melt crystallization, revealing the presence of the conformational disorder. The dynamic glass transition temperature of the SmCA* phase, estimated from the relaxation time of the PH process (as the α-relaxation time could not be registered in a wide enough temperature range), is 244 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Deptuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, Kraków PL-31342, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Lalik
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, Kraków PL-30348, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Urbańska
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, Warsaw PL-00908, Poland
| | - Monika Marzec
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, Kraków PL-30348, Poland
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Osiecka-Drewniak N, Deptuch A, Urbańska M, Juszyńska-Gałązka E. A Siamese neural network framework for glass transition recognition. Soft Matter 2024; 20:2400-2406. [PMID: 38380675 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01593a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
A Siamese neural network, which is a deep learning technique, was applied to investigate phase transitions based on polarising microscopic textures of liquid crystals like: antiferroelectric smectic CA* phase and its glass, smectic I phase and its glass, and smectic G and its glass. It is an example of a subtle transition without significant structural changes, where textures above and below the glass transition temperature are similar. The Siamese neural network could distinguish textures of the chosen liquid crystal phases from a glass of that phase. This publication provides details of the Siamese neural network and its implementation based on three different convolutional neural networks has been tested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandra Deptuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Urbańska
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, PL-00908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Juszyńska-Gałązka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.
- Research Centre for Thermal and Entropic Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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4
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Urbańska M, Zając M, Perkowski P, Deptuch A. The Influence of the Molecular Structure of Compounds on Their Properties and the Occurrence of Chiral Smectic Phases. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:618. [PMID: 38591460 PMCID: PMC10856103 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
We have designed new chiral smectic mesogens with the -CH2O group near the chiral center. We synthesized two unique rod-like compounds. We determined the mesomorphic properties of these mesogens and confirmed the phase identification using dielectric spectroscopy. Depending on the length of the oligomethylene spacer (i.e., the number of methylene groups) in the achiral part of the molecules, the studied materials show different phase sequences. Moreover, the temperature ranges of the observed smectic phases are different. It can be seen that as the length of the alkyl chain increases, the liquid crystalline material shows more mesophases. Additionally, its clearing (isotropization) temperature increases. The studied compounds are compared with the structurally similar smectogens previously synthesized. The helical pitch measurements were performed using the selective reflection method. These materials can be useful and effective as chiral components and dopants in smectic mixtures targeted for optoelectronics and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Urbańska
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Monika Zając
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Paweł Perkowski
- Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Deptuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Krakow, Poland;
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Deptuch A, Lelito A, Juszyńska-Gałązka E, Jasiurkowska-Delaporte M, Urbańska M. Vitrification of the smectic C A* phase and kinetics of cold crystallization investigated for a fluorinated compound with a chiral centre based on ( S)-(+)-3-octanol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:12379-12393. [PMID: 37092280 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01255g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The formation of glass of the anticlinic high-tilted smectic CA* phase even at low cooling rates (≥2 K min-1) is reported for (S)-4'-(1-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl)biphenyl-4-yl 4-[5-(2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutoxy)pentyl-1-oxy]benzoate. The kinetics of crystallization is investigated via differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The temperature region of the largest crystallization rate, the activation energy of cold crystallization and the energy barrier of nucleation are determined. The coupling of the characteristic crystallization time with the α-relaxation time is studied. A high fragility index equal to 139 is obtained for this glassformer. Comparison with a very similar glassforming compound, with the chiral centre based on (S)-(+)-2-octanol instead of (S)-(+)-3-octanol, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Deptuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Artur Lelito
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, PL-30084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Juszyńska-Gałązka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.
- Research Center for Thermal and Entropic Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 560-0043 Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Magdalena Urbańska
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, PL-00908 Warsaw, Poland
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Deptuch A, Jaworska-Gołąb T, Dziurka M, Hooper J, Srebro-Hooper M, Urbańska M, Tykarska M, Marzec M. Determination of tilt angle and its behavior in chiral smectic phases by exploring molecular conformations using complementary methods. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:034703. [PMID: 37072974 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.034703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and x-ray diffraction techniques were employed to evaluate the value of the tilt angle in ferroelectric smectic C^{*} and antiferroelectric smectic C_{A}^{*} phases. Five homologues from the chiral series denoted as 3FmHPhF6(m=2,4,5,6,7), based on 4-(1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl) phenyl 4'-octyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylate (MHPOBC), were studied. Two types of conformations for the nonchiral terminal chain (fully extended and gauche) and three types of deviation from the rodlike shape of the molecules (hockey stick, zigzag, and C shape) were computationally considered. The nonlinear shape of the molecules was accounted for by introducing a shape parameter δΘ. We observe that calculations of the tilt angle which consider the C-shaped structures, in both the fully extended or gauche conformations, lead to good agreement with the values of the tilt angle obtained from electro-optical measurements below the saturation temperature. The results allow us to conclude that such structures are adopted by molecules in the examined series of smectogens. Additionally, this study proves the presence of the standard orthogonal SmA^{*} phase for the homologues with m=6, 7, and the de Vries SmA^{*} phase for m=5.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Deptuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland
| | - T Jaworska-Gołąb
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL-30348 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Dziurka
- Faculty of Chemisty, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, PL-30387 Kraków, Poland
| | - J Hooper
- Faculty of Chemisty, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, PL-30387 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Srebro-Hooper
- Faculty of Chemisty, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, PL-30387 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Urbańska
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, PL-00908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Tykarska
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, PL-00908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Marzec
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL-30348 Kraków, Poland
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Deptuch A, Jasiurkowska-Delaporte M, Juszyńska-Gałązka E, Drzewicz A, Piwowarczyk M, Urbańska M, Baran S. Investigation of Chiral Smectic Phases and Conformationally Disordered Crystal Phases of the Liquid Crystalline 3F5FPhH6 Compound Partially Fluorinated at the Terminal Chain and Rigid Core. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6547-6561. [PMID: 35985056 PMCID: PMC9442646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Complementary methods are applied to investigate the
phase transitions
and crystallization kinetics of the liquid crystalline compound denoted
as 3F5FPhH6. Two crystal phases are confirmed, and one of them is
the conformationally disordered (CONDIS) phase. Complexity of the
melt crystallization process is revealed by the analysis with Friedman’s
isoconversional method. The melt crystallization of 3F5FPhH6 shows
different mechanisms depending on temperature, which is explained
by the relation between the thermodynamic driving force and the thermal
energy of translational degrees of freedom. The studied compound crystallizes
even during fast cooling (30 K/min), unlike similar compounds with
different fluorosubstitutions of the benzene ring, which form the
smectic glass for moderate cooling rates. The tendency to vitrification
of the smectic phase decreases apparently with the decreasing stability
width of the SmCA* phase and the increasing relaxation
time of the collective relaxation process in this phase, at least
for homologues differing from 3F5FPhH6 only by the type of fluorosubstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Deptuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Juszyńska-Gałązka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.,Research Center for Thermal and Entropic Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 560-0043 Osaka, Japan
| | - Anna Drzewicz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Piwowarczyk
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Urbańska
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, PL-00908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Baran
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, PL-30348 Kraków, Poland
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Deptuch A, Lalik S, Jasiurkowska-Delaporte M, Juszyńska-Gałązka E, Drzewicz A, Urbańska M, Marzec M. Comparative study of electrooptic, dielectric, and structural properties of two glassforming antiferroelectric mixtures with a high tilt angle. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:024705. [PMID: 35291092 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.024705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vitrification of the antiferroelectric smectic-C_{A}^{*} phase is reported for the orthoconic mixture W-1000 and its new derivative W-356. The crystallization is not observed even upon slow cooling and the cold crystallization on subsequent heating is also absent. Molecular dynamics in the smectic phases of both mixtures is investigated down to 173 K and the fragility parameters are determined from the temperature behavior of the α-process. X-ray diffraction is applied to compare the structural parameters of W-356 and W-1000 as well as to study the structural changes during the glass transition of the Sm-C_{A}^{*} phase. The evolution of the smectic layer order within the Sm-C_{A}^{*} glass is reported, while the correlation length of the short-range order in the smectic layers is shown to be almost constant below the glass transition temperature. Electrooptic properties of W-356: spontaneous polarization, tilt angle and switching time are determined and compared with these of W-1000. The observed differences between the properties of W-356 and W-1000 might be explained by the dimer formation of components with the -C≡N terminal group, present only in the W-356 mixture, and by the different structure of the aromatic molecular core in one of the W-356 components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Deptuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sebastian Lalik
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL-30348 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Juszyńska-Gałązka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Drzewicz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Urbańska
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, PL-00908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Marzec
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL-30348 Kraków, Poland
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9
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Deptuch A, Jasiurkowska-Delaporte M, Zając W, Juszyńska-Gałązka E, Drzewicz A, Urbańska M. Investigation of crystallization kinetics and its relationship with molecular dynamics for chiral fluorinated glassforming smectogen 3F5HPhH6. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19795-19810. [PMID: 34549752 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02297k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The phase transitions, crystallization kinetics and molecular dynamics of (S)-4'-(1-methylheptylcarbonyl)biphenyl-4-yl 4-[5-(2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutoxy)pent-1-oxy] benzoate (3F5HPhH6) are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The vitrification of the antiferroelectric hexatic phase is observed for cooling rates ≥5 K min-1 and the fragility index determined from dielectric data is mf ≈ 90. Two regimes of non-isothermal cold crystallization are distinguished using the Kissinger and Augis-Bennett methods in the heating rate ranges of 1-5 K min-1 (larger activation energy) and 8-20 K min-1 (lower activation energy). The correlation between the time of non-isothermal cold crystallization (using isothermal approximation) and relaxation time of the α-process is determined. The obtained coupling coefficient ξ ≈ 0.7 and temperature dependence of the crystallization rate Z from the Ozawa model imply a mainly diffusion-controlled cold crystallization below 275 K. The Avrami exponents n and Ozawa exponents nO determined for isothermal melt crystallization and non-isothermal cold crystallization, respectively, weigh in favour of two- rather than three-dimensional crystal growth. The transition between crystal phases is observed on heating, with a lower activation energy for 1-3 K min-1 than for 5-20 K min-1 rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Deptuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.
| | | | - Wojciech Zając
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ewa Juszyńska-Gałązka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna Drzewicz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Urbańska
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, PL-00908 Warsaw, Poland
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Urbańska M, Morawiak P, Senderek M. Investigation of the tilt angle and spontaneous polarisation of antiferroelectric liquid crystals with a chiral centre based on (S)-(+)-3-octanol. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Urbańska M, Perkowski P, Morawiak P, Senderek M. Antiferroelectric and ferroelectric mesophases created by (S) enantiomers with a short oligomethylene spacer and their usefulness in the formulation of orthoconic mixtures. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Mrukiewicz M, Perkowski P, Urbańska M, Węgłowska D, Piecek W. Electrical conductivity of ion-doped fluoro substituted liquid crystal compounds for application in the dynamic light scattering effect. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Lalik S, Deptuch A, Jaworska-Goła B T, Fryń P, Dardas D, Stefańczyk O, Urbańska M, Marzec M. Modification of AFLC Physical Properties by Doping with BaTiO 3 Particles. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:6055-6073. [PMID: 32569472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, for the first time, the influence of the BaTiO3 particles on the antiferroelectric liquid crystalline phase was shown. Low concentrations and two different sizes of BaTiO3 particles (nano- and submicroparticles) were used. It was found that admixture of the ferroelectric particles causes a decrease in the concentration of free ions in the liquid crystal matrix. Despite the small amount of admixture, a decrease in spontaneous polarization, switching time and rotational viscosity, was observed, while the tilt angle of molecules and the smectic layer thickness did not change. It turns out that BaTiO3 particles have a very large impact on the dielectric spectra not only in the antiferroelectric phase but also in the ferroelectric and paraelectric phases of the polymorphic mixture studied. The dopants affect also the complex conductivity. In this paper, we explain why some properties are modified by BaTiO3 particles and others are not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lalik
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Deptuch
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland.,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Patryk Fryń
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Dardas
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Olaf Stefańczyk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Magdalena Urbańska
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, 00-908, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Monika Marzec
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
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14
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Urbańska M, Gieruszczak-Białek D, Szajewska H. Systematic review with meta-analysis: Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 for diarrhoeal diseases in children. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 43:1025-34. [PMID: 26991503 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Not all probiotics are equal. AIM To investigate the efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (L. reuteri) in the management of various types of diarrhoeal diseases in children. METHODS Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, trial registries and reference lists of included studies were searched in January 2016, with no language restriction, for randomised controlled trials (RCTs). RESULTS Eight RCTs (n = 1229) met the inclusion criteria. In treatment trials, L. reuteri administration reduced the duration of diarrhoea (three RCTs, n = 256, mean difference, MD -24.82 h, 95% CI -38.8 to -10.8) and increased the cure rate on day 1 and day 2. However, heterogeneity and wide confidence intervals call for caution in interpreting results. In preventive trials carried out in hospitalised children, based on the findings from two RCTs (n = 290), there was no significant reduction in the risk of nosocomial diarrhoea, rotavirus diarrhoea or diarrhoea of any origin with L. reuteri administration. Based on one RCT (n = 97), there was no effect of L. reuteri on the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. However, the evidence is limited because the overall frequency of diarrhoea was surprisingly low. In preventive studies carried out in apparently healthy children, L. reuteri reduced diarrhoeal outcomes in one RCT; the evidence from another trial was less convincing. CONCLUSIONS In therapeutic settings, L. reuteri administration reduces the duration of diarrhoea and increases the chance of cure. In preventive settings, L. reuteri has the potential to reduce the risk of community-acquired diarrhoea in otherwise healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Urbańska
- Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - H Szajewska
- Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Szajewska H, Urbańska M, Chmielewska A, Weizman Z, Shamir R. Meta-analysis: Lactobacillus reuteri strain DSM 17938 (and the original strain ATCC 55730) for treating acute gastroenteritis in children. Benef Microbes 2015; 5:285-93. [PMID: 24463209 DOI: 10.3920/bm2013.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 has been shown to provide a moderate clinical effect in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children. However, as the L. reuteri ATCC 55730 strain was found to carry potentially transferable resistance traits for tetracycline and lincomycin, it was replaced by a new strain, L. reuteri DSM 17938, without unwanted plasmid-borne antibiotic resistance. Bioequivalence of the two strains has been suggested. We aimed to systematically evaluate data on the effectiveness of L. reuteri DSM 17938 and the original strain, L. reuteri ATCC 55730, in the treatment of AGE in children. The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases, reference lists, and abstract books of major scientific meetings were searched in August 2013, with no language restrictions, for relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Two RCTs (n=196) that evaluated L. reuteri DSM 17938 and three RCTs (n=156) that evaluated L. reuteri ATCC 55730, which involved hospitalised children aged 3 to 60 months, met the inclusion criteria. Compared with placebo or no treatment, DSM 17938 significantly reduced the duration of diarrhoea (mean difference -32 h, 95% confidence interval (CI): -41 to -24) and increased the chance of cure on day 3 (relative risk: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.2 to 10.8, random effects model). Similar results were obtained with the original strain, L. reuteri ATCC 55730. In conclusion, in hospitalised children, use of both strains of L. reuteri reduced the duration of diarrhoea, and more children were cured within 3 days. Data from outpatients and countryspecific cost-effectiveness analyses are needed. Given the limited data and the methodological limitations of the included trials, the evidence should be viewed with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Szajewska
- Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Dzialdowska 1, 01-184 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Urbańska
- Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Dzialdowska 1, 01-184 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Chmielewska
- Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Dzialdowska 1, 01-184 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Z Weizman
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University, P.O. Box 151, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - R Shamir
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, P.O. Box 559, Petach Tikvah 49202, Israel
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Ruszczyński M, Urbańska M, Szajewska H. Authors' reply. Ann Gastroenterol 2014; 27:284. [PMID: 24976413 PMCID: PMC4073036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hania Szajewska
- Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Poland,
Correspondence to: Hania Szajewska, MD, The Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Paediatrics, Dzialdowska 1, 01184 Warsaw, Poland, Tel./Fax: +48 22 452 33 09, e-mail:
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Ruszczyński M, Urbańska M, Szajewska H. Gelatin tannate for treating acute gastroenteritis: a systematic review. Ann Gastroenterol 2014; 27:121-124. [PMID: 24733622 PMCID: PMC3982626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin tannate (GT) is a complex of tannic acid, which possesses astringent, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, and a protective gelatin. It is increasingly being marketed as an antidiarrheal drug. Our aim was to review data on the effectiveness of GT in treating acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children and adults. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched in July 2013, with no language restrictions, for controlled clinical trials. Additional references were obtained from reviewed articles. Two trials met the inclusion criteria. In adults, one randomized controlled trial involving 40 subjects (mean age: 43±13 years) found that, compared with placebo, GT may be more effective at reducing some symptoms of AGE in the first 48 h after initiation of treatment. In children, one poor quality study (no randomization and no blinding) involving 211 children (mean age: 2.5±2.4 years) reported some beneficial effect of GT at 12 h after initiation of treatment. None of the studies evaluated the effect of GT on the primary outcome measures for this review such as stool output, duration of diarrhea, admission to hospital, duration of hospital stay, and (in children) weight gain after rehydration. Currently, there is no evidence to support the use of GT for treating AGE in children and only sparse evidence to support the use of GT in adults. Further well-designed trials, with sufficient power, adequate follow-up periods, and clinically relevant outcome measures, are needed. These include stool volume, duration of diarrhea, admission to hospital, duration of hospital stay, weight gain after rehydration, and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hania Szajewska
- Department of Pediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Pieścik-Lech M, Urbańska M, Szajewska H. Lactobacillus GG (LGG) and smectite versus LGG alone for acute gastroenteritis: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Eur J Pediatr 2013; 172:247-53. [PMID: 23114849 PMCID: PMC3560958 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-012-1878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Diarrhea treatment with either Lactobacillus GG (LGG) or smectite as an adjuvant to standard rehydration therapy has proven efficacy. In countries where both LGG and smectite are available, concomitant use is frequently practiced. We investigated whether LGG plus smectite is superior to LGG alone in the management of children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE). A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial was performed. Children aged 4 to 60 months with AGE received LGG 6 × 10(9) colony forming units/day plus randomly either smectite (3 g) or placebo as an adjuvant to the standard rehydration therapy. Of the 88 children randomized, 81 (92 %) were available for intention-to-treat analysis. The duration of diarrhea in the LGG/smectite group (n = 44) compared with the LGG/placebo group (n = 37) was similar (P = 0.43). There were no significant differences between the study groups for the secondary outcomes, with three exceptions. On day 4, in the LGG/placebo group compared to the LGG/smectite group, there was significantly reduced stool frequency (P = 0.03). While there was a significant (P = 0.05) difference in stool consistency on the Bristol Stool Form Scale on day 4, it was not of clinical relevance. Finally, in the LGG/smectite group compared to the LGG/placebo group, there was a significantly shorter duration of intravenous therapy after randomization (P = 0.02). No adverse events were observed in the study groups. CONCLUSION LGG plus smectite and LGG alone are equally effective for treating young children with AGE. Combined use of the two interventions is not justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Pieścik-Lech
- Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Dzialdowska 1, 01-183 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Urbańska
- Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Dzialdowska 1, 01-183 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hania Szajewska
- Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Dzialdowska 1, 01-183 Warsaw, Poland
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Radkowski A, Kokoszka A, Rysz B, Urbańska M. 20 Typ z przewagą limfocytów ziarnicy złośliwej: Czy wymaga odmiennego leczenia? Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1507-1367(99)70020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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