Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles: a new-generation nanostructured tool for chronic wound healing

Chronic nonhealing wounds pose a serious challenge to regaining skin function and integrity. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) are nanostructured particles with the potential to promote wound healing since they can enhance neovascularization and cell migration and reduce inflammation and scarring. This work provides an innovative overview of the technical laboratory issues in PEV production, PEVs' role in chronic wound healing and the benefits and challenges in its clinical translation. The article also explores the challenges of proper sourcing, extraction techniques and storage conditions, and discusses the necessity of further evaluations and combinational therapeutics, including dressing biomaterials, M2-derived exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles and microneedle technology, to boost their therapeutic efficacy as advanced strategies for wound healing.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-Based Cell Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM); Current Progress and Future Approaches

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease that destroys insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. Insulin replacement therapy is currently the mainstay of treatment for T1DM; however, treatment with insulin does not ameliorate disease progression, as dysregulated immune response and inflammation continue to cause further pancreatic β-cell degradation. Therefore, shifting therapeutic strategies toward immunomodulating approaches could be effective to prevent and reverse disease progression. Different immune-modulatory therapies could be used, e.g., monoclonal-based immunotherapy, mesenchymal stem cell, and immune cell therapy. Since immune-modulatory approaches could have a systemic effect on the immune system and cause toxicity, more specific treatment options should target the immune response against pancreatic β-cells. In this regard, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based immunotherapy could be a promising candidate for modulation of dysregulated immune function in T1DM. CAR-based therapy has previously been approved for a number of hematologic malignancies. Nevertheless, there is renewed interest in CAR T cells' " off-the-shelf " treatment for T1DM. Several pre-clinical studies demonstrated that redirecting antigen-specific CAR T cells, especially regulatory CAR T cells (CAR Tregs), toward the pancreatic β-cells, could prevent diabetes onset and progression in diabetic mice models. Here, we aim to review the current progress of CAR-based immune-cell therapy for T1DM and the corresponding challenges, with a special focus on designing CAR-based immunomodulatory strategies to improve its efficacy in the treatment of T1DM.

P-056 The reproductive toxicity of alginate coated silver nano-rod on sperm

Study question

What is the toxic effects of Au@Ag core-shell NR on sperm function?

Summary answer

Although sperm count and morphology did not differ significantly, changing the shape and envelope of the silver nanostructure did not reduce its toxicity.

What is known already

Spermatogenesis is a developmental process of germ cell reproduction that depends on hormonal or dynamic interplays between sertoli cells and germ cells. Silver is the most common noble metal used in the synthesis of nanoscale materials, particularly in room sprays, cosmetics, toys, clinical catheters, and wound dressings. The increasing usability of silver nanoparticles (Ag NP) has increased human exposure. Many studies have demonstrated that Ag nanoparticles, depending on their shape, size, and concentration, have cytotoxic effects that reduce cell viability. The toxicity of silver Nano-Rod by deformation and coating with alginate has been studied.

Study design, size, duration

Forty-eight male mice were divided into five groups (two treatments, two shams, and one control). The treated groups received the Ag Nano-Rod at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for fourteen and thirty-five days. The sham groups were treated with identical amounts and days, and the control group received no material. Finally, the cauda epididymis of the animals was removed.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

In the present study, Ag Nano-Rod were characterized by HR-TEM, FT-IR, UV-visible, XRD and ICP-MS. Sperm analysis, including count, motility, viability, and morphology, was studied according to the criteria of WHO. A phase-contrast microscope was used to count the spermatozoa and assess their motility. Viability and morphology were examined by eosin-nigrosin and papanicolaou staining, respectively. TUNEL assay and gene expression for apoptotic and autophagic markers were also performed.

Main results and the role of chance

High magnification images TEM were obtained. According to this, the Ag nanostructure was rod-shaped and the average size of the particles was 50nm. The UV-visible confirms the formation of the synthesized nanosilver (rod shape). The change in nanostructure coating from CTAB to alginate was studied by FTIR analysis, and XRD proved the presence of silver in the composition. The results of sperm analysis showed that there was no significant decrease in sperm count and morphology but the parameters of motility and viability of the nanosilver groups showed a significant decline compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation by the TUNEL assay showed that the nanosilver groups had significantly higher DNA fragmentation and the real-time PCR results also confirmed this. Expression of autophagic and apoptotic markers indicates activation of the apoptosis pathway compared to the autophagy pathway. The expression of LC3 and Beclin-1 (markers that initiate and continue the autophagy) was reduced compared to the sham and control groups. Also, examination of apoptotic pathway genes showed a decrease in Bcl-2 expression and an increase in Bax and caspase-3 expression.

Limitations, reasons for caution

This study requires further research, including protein expression in these two pathways.

Wider implications of the findings

This study investigated the acute (14 days) and chronic (35 days) effects of silver nanorod on reproductive toxicity, which can lead to significant changes in sperm quality. This reduction in quality was observed mainly in the chronic phase and severely affected sperm motility.

Trial registration number

Not Applicable

Modulation of Negative Effects of Physiological Stress on Frozen-Thawed Semen with Nutrition of Organic Selenium in Ross 308 Rooster

Current experiment was carried out in factorial 2×2 arrangement to study the effects of stress (with or without dexamethasone administration) and addition of dietary selenium (with or without selenium supplementation in the diet) in male broiler breeder on the quality of frozen-thawed sperm under oxidative stress induced by dexamethasone. A total of 24 broiler breeder roosters with the age of 28 weeks were used based on a completely randomized design with four therapeutic approaches (factorial 2×2) and six birds in each approach. The experimental treatments were: 1) basal diet without selenium supplementation and injection of saline (CON), 2) basal diet with dexamethasone injection (4 mg/kg BW, three times every other day for one week), (DEX), 3) without dexamethasone injection and supplementation with 0.3 mg/kg selenium (Sel-Plex), and 4) dexamethasone injection and basal diet supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg of diet selenium (Sel-Plex+Dex). Sperm samples were collected from roosters. Motility, progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity, viability, malondialdehyde concentration and antioxidant parameters were evaluated in fresh and frozen-thawed semen. In spite of non-significant interaction effects, factorial analysis indicated the significant effect of every factor on different experimental parameters in fresh and frozen-thawed semen (P<0.05); The results revealed that total and progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity and viability were lower in DEX group when compared with other treatments (P<0.05). On the other hand, malondialdehyde concentration was higher in DEX group in comparison with Con, Sel-Plex and Sel-Plex+DEX groups (P<0.05). Moreover, total antioxidant capacity, level of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were lower in DEX group as compared with other treatments (P<0.05). Our findings indicated that administration of selenium in dexamethasone-receiving roosters (Sel-Plex+DEX) improved the parameters of fresh and frozen-thawed sperm; but the best results were observed in Sel-Plex treatment. Therefore, selenium supplementation in the diet of roosters without dexamethasone injection improved total motility, progressive motility, membrane integrity, viability, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase pre- and post-freezing. It can be concluded, selenium in organic forms in stressed and non-stressed rooster's diet might improve all motility and antioxidant parameters in fresh and frozen-thawed sperm.

Evaluation of a custom QIAseq targeted DNA panel with 164 ancestry informative markers sequenced with the Illumina MiSeq

Introduction of new methods requires meticulous evaluation before they can be applied to forensic genetic case work. Here, a custom QIAseq Targeted DNA panel with 164 ancestry informative markers was assessed using the MiSeq sequencing platform. Concordance, sensitivity, and the capability for analysis of mixtures were tested. The assay gave reproducible and nearly concordant results with an input of 10 and 2 ng DNA. Lower DNA input led to an increase in both locus and allele drop-outs, and a higher variation in heterozygote balance. Locus or allele drop-outs in the samples with less than 2 ng DNA input were not necessarily associated with the overall performance of a locus. Thus, the QIAseq assay will be difficult to implement in a forensic genetic setting where the sample material is often scarce and of poor quality. With equal or near equal mixture ratios, the mixture DNA profiles were easily identified by an increased number of imbalanced heterozygotes. For more skewed mixture ratios, the mixture DNA profiles were identified by an increased noise level. Lastly, individuals from Great Britain and the Middle East were investigated. The Middle Eastern individuals showed a greater affinity with South European populations compared to North European populations.

Investigating the relationship between noise and occupation on the status of mental disorders and depression of workers using questionnaire (DASS) and (BAKK) in steel industries

Introduction: In most industrial environments, people are exposed to noise daily. Exposure to this physical hazard can lead to cognitive impairment in individuals. Noise, like all pollutants, reduces the quality of life and causes significant mood disorders in people. The present study examines a set of cognitive factors to assess the mental health status of workers in terms of depression and stress in a noisy workplace. Materials and Methods: In a descriptive-analytical study in 1399, 1100 steelworkers were evaluated to determine the degree of depression and mood swings. The data were analyzed through a public call at the Isfahan Steel Plant. ISO 9612 (2009) standard was used to measure the sound pressure level. In addition to conducting clinical interviews, subjects answered the BAKK Depression Inventory and the DASS-42 Inventory Depression Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (v. 22). Results: Based on the findings of the study, annoying noise (above 85 decibels) had a significant effect on age factor on depression, marital status factor on anxiety, and shift factor on stress and self-criticism of employees (p <0.05). The mean of the stress variable in the case group was significantly higher than the control group (p <0.001), which indicates the effect of sound intensity level on increasing stress and depression in a noisy environment. Conclusion: The results of this study: Occupational noise higher than the standard 85 dB can have devastating effects on moods and various dimensions of workers' cognitive status.

Expression profiling of plac1 in murine cancer cell lines

Placenta-specific 1 (PLAC1) is among recently-discovered placental antigens which exerts fundamental role in placental function and development. Increasing body of literature shows that PLAC1 is frequently activated and expressed in a wide variety of human cancers and promote cancer progression. However, no data is available regarding the expression of mouse orthologue, plac1, in murine cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: We investigated the expression of plac1 in a series of murine cell lines from different histological origins, mammary carcinoma (4T1), melanoma (B16F10), colorectal carcinoma (CT26), renal carcinoma (Renca), glioma (GL26), B-cell lymphoma (A20 and BCL1) and also two fibroblast cell lines (NIH3T3 and L929), using RT-PCR, Western blotting and flow cytometry. Results: Our data demonstrated that plac1 transcript and plac1 protein were expressed in all examined cell lines, as judged by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The molecular weight of mouse plac1 was experimentally observed to be approximately 24 kD. Flow cytometric analysis showed surface expression of plac1 in aforesaid cell lines ranging from 2% to 42.5%. Conclusion: Based on the ubiquitous expression of plac1, the investigated cancer cell lines or immortalized cell lines can be used to examine the role of plac1 in the process of immortalization.

Ultrafast dynamics in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: the key case of conical intersections at higher excited states and their role in the photophysics of phenanthrene monomer

Proper interpretation of phenanthrene's and similar PAHs’ photocycle relies on two higher excited state relaxations due to the simultaneous presence of non-adiabatic and adiabatic transitions.

Super RLuc8-sFv; a new luciferase-labeled probe for detection of human CD4+ cells

A probe has been designed, produced and assayed for the detection of T-helper cells. The sFv fragment fused to the C-terminus of super Renilla luciferase 8 (Super RLuc8) and the probe successfully used for detection of human CD4+ cells using luminometer.

FcUni-RLuc: an engineered Renilla luciferase with Fc binding ability and light emission activity

Schematic representation of the labelling of IgG using FcUni-RLuc.

Raman measurements of substrate temperature in a molecular beam epitaxy growth chamber

A method is described for directly measuring the temperature of a substrate in a molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) growth system. The approach relies on the establishment of the temperature dependence of Raman-active phonons of the substrate material using independently known calibration points across the range of interest. An unknown temperature in this range is then determined based on the Raman peak position with the substrate in situ the MBE chamber. The apparatus relies on conventional optics and Raman components. Shifting and broadening of the Raman spectrum are described based on the effects of thermal expansion and anharmonic decay. The choice of reference temperature is discussed. The method is qualified by examining the substrate temperature dependence, relative to that of a standard thermocouple, during a commonly used ramp procedure. Both temperature difference and time lag are obtained.

CD4 D3-binding probe: a novel fluorescence tool for detection and enumeration of CD4+ cells

A new and advanced CD4-binding reporter has been designed, produced and functionally assayed for the detection of T-helper cells.

Non-Newtonian unconfined flow and heat transfer over a heated cylinder using the direct-forcing immersed boundary-thermal lattice Boltzmann method

In this study, the immersed boundary-thermal lattice Boltzmann method has been used to simulate non-Newtonian fluid flow over a heated circular cylinder. The direct-forcing algorithm has been employed to couple the off-lattice obstacles and on-lattice fluid nodes. To investigate the effect of boundary sharpness, two different diffuse interface schemes are considered to interpolate the velocity and temperature between the boundary and computational grid points. The lattice Boltzmann equation with split-forcing term is applied to consider the effects of the discrete lattice and the body force to the momentum flux, simultaneously. A method for calculating the Nusselt number based on diffuse interface schemes is developed. The rheological and thermal properties of non-Newtonian fluids are investigated under the different power-law indices and Reynolds numbers. The effect of numerical parameters on the accuracy of the proposed method has been investigated in detail. Results show that the rheological and thermal properties of non-Newtonian fluids in the presence of a heated immersed body can be suitably captured using the immersed boundary thermal lattice Boltzmann method.

Comparison of maternal characteristics in low birth weight and normal birth weight infants

Low birth weight is a key determinant in the risk of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period and during childhood. This unmatched case-control study in Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran, compared the characteristics of mothers of low- and normal-birth-weight infants. Maternal sociodemographic data, pregnancy history, anthropometric data and cord plasma zinc level were collected from 134 mothers of low-birth-weight infants and 134 mothers of normal infants at the time of delivery. Significant differences in maternal characteristics namely gravida, parity, body mass index, maternal weight gain during pregnancy and plasma cord blood zinc were found between low- and normal-birth-weight infants. There were no significant differences in maternal age, maternal education, maternal occupation, family income, previous abortion, previous preterm labour, birth Iinterval, type of clinic and place of residence between the 2 groups.

Anopheline species composition in borderline of Iran-Azerbaijan

Malaria is still one of the most important health-problems in the world and is endemic in Iran. Since 1994, after collapse of former Soviet Union, a new threat of malaria importation emerged from those countries into the northern Iran. This work was carried out to provide further evidence on the status of anopheline species composition, the malaria parasite species, and natural infectivity of mosquitoes distributed in Pars-Abad district, on the borderline of Azerbaijan in northwestern Iran. Mosquitoes were collected from May to December 2008 in anopheline seasonal activity and were identified at the species level. The genus- and species-specific primers against Plasmodium ssrDNA gene were used for specific amplification on female mosquito head+thorax. Members of the Anoheles maculipennis complex were identified by sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer II (ITS2-rDNA). Morphological character-based identification showed that out of 1455 anopheline female specimens, 1121 (77%) were of A. maculipennis s.l. and 334 (23%) were of Anoheles hyrcanus. Molecular analysis of the species complex indicated the presence of Anoheles sacharovi 984 (67.6%) and A. maculipennis 137 (9.4%) in the region. None of themosquito's head-thorax was found to be naturally infected by malaria parasite. Results of this study, particularly high dominance of A. sacharovi, suggest a potential risk of malaria epidemic in the region, and the need for a continuous epidemiological surveillance.

Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and total serum cholesterol level in Iranian population

BACKGROUND

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is known as a major regulator of blood lipid levels in humans. A number of APOE gene allelic variants have been reported including E2, E3 and E4. Recent studies suggested a role for APOE in obesity and increased Body Mass Index (BMI) and plasma lipid levels in obese children.

AIM

The aim of this study was to examine the association between APOE genetic variants and the BMI and lipid profile in an Iranian cohort.

SETTING AND DESIGN

Samples were obtained from subjects who participated in a study based on the WHO-designed MONICA (multinational monitoring of trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease) study for coronary artery disease risk assessment in Zone 17 of Tehran. The study was approved by the local ethical committee. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects included in this study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Subjects (n=320) were recruited. The level of triglyceride (TG) and total serum cholesterol was tested for all subjects in this study. Genotyping for APOE was carried using polymerase chain reaction-Restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)technique.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Levels of significance were determined using contingency tables by either Chi-square or Fisher exact analysis using the STATA (v8) software. The analysis of regression and significance of differences for level of cholesterol and TG was established by one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett post hoc multiple comparison tests using SPSS software Version 11.5.

RESULTS

The frequency of allele E2 was significantly higher in patients with total serum cholesterol level <200 mg/dl (P 0.01 OR 2.1 95% CI 1.1-4.2).

CONCLUSION

The association found in this study between allele E2 and lower total cholesterol level had been reported in previous studies. We have also observed that the frequency of genotype E2/E3 and E2/E4 was significantly higher in patients with normal total serum cholesterol level compared to patients with abnormal cholesterol (P=0.003 OR 2.4 95% CI; 1.3-4.6). Our data needs to be repeated in a larger population with more information for serum LDL and HDL levels and their subgroups.

Role of the ventromedial hypothalamic orexin-1 receptors in regulation of gastric Acid secretion in conscious rats

Orexins play an important role on the central nervous system to modulate gastric acid secretion. The orexin receptors are distributed within the hypothalamus, and expression of orexin-1 receptors (OX1R) is greatest in the anterior hypothalamus and ventromedial nucleus. Therefore, we hypothesised that ventromedial hypothalamic OX1R may be involved in the control of gastric acid secretion. To address this question, we examined the effects of orexin-A and a selective OX1R antagonist, SB-3345867, on gastric acid secretion in pyloric-ligated conscious rats. Intraventromedial injection of orexin-A (0.5-2 microg/microl) stimulated gastric acid secretion in a dose-dependent manner. This stimulatory effect of orexin-A persisted over 3 h. In some experiments, SB-3345867 (10 mg/kg i.p.) was administered 30 min before orexin-A or saline injections. We found that i.p. injection of SB-334867 suppressed stimulated gastric acid secretion induced by orexin-A (2 microg/microl). Atropine (5 mg/kg) also inhibited the stimulatory effect of central injection of orexin-A on acid secretion. In conclusion, the present study suggests that endogenous orexin-A acts on the ventromedial hypothalamus to stimulates acid secretion. This stimulatory effect is probably mediated through OX1R.

Students' attitudes and practices towards drug and alcohol use at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

This questionnaire survey examined attitudes and practices towards alcohol and drug use among male university students living in a dormitory at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran. Of 173 students, about one third (32%) had tried alcohol or drugs at least once in the last 6 months: 16% had tried alcohol, 6% cannabis, 6% opium and 2% heroin. Sixteen students (9%) reported they were abusing alcohol and 16 (9%) other illicit drugs, with 2 using drugs by injection. Many students believed that smoking and drug and alcohol use in the dormitory created disruption and an unpleasant atmosphere.

Factors involved in the re-emergence of malaria in borderline of Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkey

The borderline of Iran with Azerbaijan, Armenia and Turkey had been considered a malaria free region. However, in 1991, after the independence of the southern countries of the former Soviet Union, a new threat of malaria importation emerged from those countries into Iran, which was affected by serious epidemics of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Various factors can affect malaria resurgence in this region, such as socioeconomic conditions, especially the displacement of massive populations from war-stricken zones in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Accordingly, in some parts of West-Azerbaijan, East-Azerbaijan, Ardebile and Gilan provinces of Iran, several malaria foci were observed. Construction of dams, people traveling from neighboring countries to Iran, urbanization, irrigation projects, lack of malaria vector control, shortage of drug supplies are also major factors in malaria outbreaks in the region. An investigation was carried out on the bionomics of the main malaria vectors in the region. The result showed that Anopheles sacharovi plays an important role in malaria transmission and An. maculipennis and An. superpictus can be secondary vectors. Larvae were found in slow flowing water and channels with water plants. They were more abundant in June. The parity rate of blood-fed females was high in May. An. sacharovi is active from May to October with two peaks of activity, which occur in August and October. The population of this species is higher in animal shelters with a zoophicity of 95%. About 90% of bites took place in the second half of the night. A CDC light trap can also catch this species. Susceptibility testing using the WHO-recommended diagnostic doses of insecticides, revealed that this species is resistant to DDT and dieldrin, but susceptible to malathion, fenitrothion, propoxur, bendiocarb, lambdacyhalothrin, permethrin, cyfluthrin, etofenprox and deltamethrin.

Cyfluthrin (EW 050)-impregnated bednets in a malaria control program in Ghassreghand (Baluchistan, Iran)

In a study carried out in the Ghassreghand Division (Baluchistan, Iran) from March through November 1995, efficacy of cyfluthrin-impregnated bednets was compared to that of untreated nets, in relation to malaria control. Ten villages with a total population of 4,572 and 3 villages with a total population of 1,935 were used as treatment and control, respectively. The collection, impregnation (target dosage of 40 mg active ingredient [AI]/m2), and redistribution of the nets (9% nylon, 52% light cotton, 30% medium cotton, and 9% heavy cotton), carried out in mid-April, were done by local health workers, supervised by the senior research staff. Anopheles culicifacies was considered to be the main vector of malaria in the named area. This species is mainly zoophilic, endophilic, and exophagic. The initial uptake of the insecticide was lower than the target dosage, with high variation (nylon, 12.5 +/- 5.4 mg AI/m2; light cotton, 33.3 +/- 26.1 mg AI/m2; medium cotton, 25.9 +/- 20 mg AI/m2; heavy cotton, 17.6 +/- 12.5 mg AI/m2). The use of impregnated mosquito nets (used primarily outside) had no significant effect on the incidence of malaria. No difference was detected in the parasite density of patients with positive slides. No significant effect was observed in the parous rate, human blood index, and sporozoite rate of anopheline vectors. Only the indoor resting densities of An. culicifacies and other malaria vectors were drastically reduced after the introduction of the cyfluthrin-impregnated nets into the treatment villages. The residual activity of cyfluthrin was lower than expected. The mortality of anophelines brought in contact with the treated nets for 3 min in bioassays dropped to less than 55% in 3 months. The loss of chemical activity was greatest for the light cotton nets, followed by the medium cotton nets. Cyfluthrin-treated nets were mildly irritating to host-seeking female anophelines in the laboratory. The protective rate of impregnation (all fabric kinds included) in preventing female mosquitoes from biting through the impregnated nets was initially 5-6 times that of the nonimpregnated nets. The study did not detect any significant difference between the use of untreated versus impregnated bednets in the Ghassreghand area. In planning future medium-scale trials, comparison of new compounds and formulations to the more widely used pyrethroids such as permethrin and deltamethrin is highly recommended.

Anopheles culicifacies in Baluchistan, Iran

Anopheles culicifacies (probably species A) is the main vector of malaria in Baluchistan, southeastern Iran. Adult mosquitoes were collected during 1990-92 by five methods of sampling: knock-down pyrethrum space-spray indoors, human and animal bait (18.00-05.00 hours), pit shelters and CDC light traps, yielding 62%, 3%, 6%, 4% and 25% of specimens, respectively. Whereas spray-catches comprised c. 70% gravid and semi-gravid females, light trap catches were mostly (c. 60%) unfed females, while females from pit shelters comprised all abdominal stages more equally (13-36%). An.culicifacies populations peaked in April-May and rose again during August-November. Densities of indoor-resting mosquitoes were consistently greater in an unsprayed village than in villages subjected to residual house-spraying with propoxur, malathion or pirimiphos-methyl. Monthly malaria incidence generally followed fluctuations of An.culicifacies density, usually with a peak in May-June.

[The vesico-ureteric-renal reflux in adults (author's transl)]

This is a report about 59 adults (6 men and 53 women) from 15-45 years of age with 79 refluxing ureters and renal units. In 76% an antireflux procedure could be performed to preserve the kidney. 65% of the refluxing ureters were operated on according to the technique of Politano-Leadbetter and 35% according to the technique of Lich/Grégoir. After the operations of Politano/Leadbetter recurrences occurred in 4,6% and complications in 5,1%. The technique of Lich-Grégoir showed more unfavourable results: recurrences in 14% and complications in 9,5%. Therefore the procedure of Lich-Grégoir is not to be recommended in adults. It should however be reserved for the refluxes in children because of the favourable results.